Tìm hiểu một số chương trình tính toán thủy nhiệt hạt nhân phục vụ nhiệm vụ đào tạo chuyên ngành

KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE Q

TIM HIEU MOT S6 CHUONG TRINH TINH TOAN THOY NHIET HAT NHAN

PHUC VU NHIEM VU DAU TAD CHDYEN NDANH

DIEN HAT NHAN 0 TRlTaNG DAI HDC DIEN LlTC

Iran Minh Ngoc, Nguyen Huy Cdng

Phdng QLKH&HTQTJrUdng Dai hoc Oien lUc

Tdm tdt: Trong nha mdy dien hat nhdn, cong nghe ve Id cung nhu nhCfng tinh todn vgt ly ve Id, dgc biet la

nhdng tinh todn ve thuy nhiet hgt nhan la nhifng vdn de quan trong nha't, co tam dnh hUdng Idn nhdt ve chdt

iddng cung nhu ve tinh an toan cua Id ndi rieng vd cua ca nhd mdy noi chung. Chinh vi vgy, viec t'lm hieu ve cdng

nghe cOa cdc the he Id phan dng cung nhU tim hieu ve cdc chuong trinh tinh todn thuy nhiet hgt nhan Id het sdc

can thiet vd cd tdm quan trgng dgc biet Bai bdo trinh bdy tong quan ve cdc the hi Id phdn dng cung nhude cap

den mgt so chuang trinh tinh todn ve thuy nhiet.

NhiJng kien thdc ve cdc logi Id va cdc kien thdc ve tinh todn thuy nhiet se Id nhdng tdi Heu het sdc bo ich cho

sinh vien ndi neng vd phuc vu ddc lUc cho nhiem vu ddo tao nhdn ldc diin hgt nhdn ndi chung d trddng Dgi hoc

Dien li/c.

Mddau

Trong nha may dien hat nhan,

cdng nghe v l Id cung nhu nhdng tinh

toan vat ly v l Id Id nhdng van de quan

trpng nhat, cd tam inh hudng Idn

nhat ve chat lupng cung nhu ve tfnh

an toan ciia nhi miy. Chinh vi viy, viec

tim hieu ve cdng nghe cua cac the he

Id phan ufng cung nhu tim hieu v l cie

chuong trinh tinh toin thuy nhiet hat

nhan l i het sdc can thiet, nham trang

bj cho sinh vien chuyen nginh dien

hat nhan nhuYig kien thUc ed sd.

Vdi die thii la mpt ehuyen nganh

het sUe mdi m l nen tdi lieu de phye

vu giang day chuyen nganh nay cdn

dang rat han chl, nlu khdng mudn

ndi la hau nhU chua ed gl. Cac ndi

dung ma bai bdo nay de cap se ddng

gdp duac mdt phan eho viee khac

phye nhCmg su ban ch l ve tai lieu do.

Ndi dung ey the ciia bai bao bao gdm

nhdng van de sau diy:

I. Cac the h^ 16 phan CTng

a) The he I

Cic Id thude the he niy bat

ngudn tU nhCfng mau thiet ke ban dau

duoe phit triln de sd dung tren tau

bien eudi nhdng nim 1940. Ld phin

iimg thUdng mai dau tien tren th i gidi

vdi cdng suat 5 MW. Nha miy dien hat

nhan thUdng mai dau tien tai My la

Shippmgport van hanh vao nam 1957

vdi cdng suat 60 MW. Cac Id phan dng

thUdng mai nguyen mau (prototype)

van hanh vao nhdng nam 1950 - 1960

nhu Shippmgport (My); Dresden - 1,

Calder Hall - 1, Magnox (Anh); hay

UNGG (Phdp). Phan ldn chung deu da

hoae dang dupe dd bd do da trd nen

Idi thdi vi khdng edn hieu qua cao v i

mUe dim bio an toin thap.

b) The he 11

Cac Id the he nay ddOc phat trien

tU the he I. Da cd nhieu thay doi ding

ke trong thiet ke va k l c i ed mdt sd

kieu hoan toan mdi so vdi the he

trude. Cic Id phan Ung dUdc xay dUng

vao dau nhdng ndm 1970 va 1980

vd hien tai van dang dupe vin hdnh

thuong mai. Cae Id phan dng nhU:

Ld dp luc (PWR: Pressurized Water

Reactor), Ld nudc sdi (BWR: Boiled

Water Reactor) cua cic nudc My,

Phap; Ld phin Ung nude nhe (WER:

Vodo-Vodo Energo Reactor) va Ld

phan dng hat nhan kieu kenh nang

lUdng cao (RBMK: tieng Nga: reaktor

bolshoy moshchnosti kanalniy ciia

Nga; Ld CANDU nudc nang (Canada

Deuterium Uranium) eua eie nudc

Canada, An Dp; la nhdng vi du dien

hinh ciia Id the he II. [2] Chung dupc

gpi la cic Id phdn dng nUde nhe (LWR:

Light Water Reactor) do dUdc sddyng

eae phUdng phdp ehii ddng truyen

thdng bao gdm eie tic ddng dien

hoae cd khf thyc hien theo lenh. Mdt

sd he thdng edn dUdc thilt k l van

hanh theo kilu thy ddng lam viec

khi ed ngudi dieu khien hoae mat

ngudn dien tu diing. Da sd cic nha

miy dien hat nhan tren th i gidi dang

van hdnh theo cdng nghe nay va 2/3

sd nha miy dang xay dung eung theo

md hinh the he thd II. Thdi gian hoat

ddng eua eic Id th i he 11 la 40 nam

trong khi the he I chi cd 30 nam.

c) The he III

Cie Id the he III la cac thiet ke

mang tinh eii tien so vdi the h i 11.Tfnh

Uu Viet hon eiia th i he Id ndy the hiln

d nhUng dae diem sau: a) Hodn thien

ffien & ff&i soni '^ 15