Tìm hiểu dấu tích tín ngưỡng phồn thực (saeng sik ki sin ang) ở người hàn.

TIM HIEU DAU TICH TIN NGUONG PHON THlTC

(SAEHG SIK Kl SIN ANG)h NGl/ffI HAN

CAOTHiTRlNH'

1. Tin nguong phdn thuc {belief in

fertility)^" - tuc cdu sinh sdi, nay nd, con ddn

chdu ddng, hda cdc phong dang,.... Id mdt

trong nhiing hinh thdi tin nguong so khai eua

cdc cdng ddng cu dan ndng nghiep thdi tien

sir, tirng tdn tai phd bien d cac khu vuc Ddng

A vd Ddng Nam A. Bieu hien de nhdn thay

cua hinh thirc tin nguong ndy Id tuc "san ddu

- te mau"*^' (ciing cac "bien the" cua chiing

- "le dam trdu"/chpi trdu) vd cac hinh thirc

tdn thd hdnh vi giao phdi cung nhu thd sinh

thuc khi ciia nam vd nir (dm vat - duong vat

/linga- ydni). Ve sau, do dnh hudng ciia ludn

ly Khdng gido, cdc hinh thirc tin nguong

phdn thuc bj xem Id "ddm bdn, bay ba^ ',

chiing bj mai mot dan vd cho tdi nay - ve co

ban, chi cdn lai nhirng ddu tfch md nhat.

* Pho Giao su, Tiln sT khoa hpc Ljch sir, Trucmg Khoa

Dong phuang hoc - Dai hoc Da Lat.

'" Cac tir /5/70/7 nghTa la "nhiSu",//7!/c - "nay no". Xem:

Tr§n Ngpc Them (2001), Tim vi bdn sde van hda Viet

Nam, Nxb TP. Ho Chi Minh, tr. 234 - 242.

'-' san dau - li mau (77?^ Blood Hunt) la mpt tuc le pho

bian a cac cu dan Dong Nam A luc dja thai ti6n sir, co thS

torn lupc nhu sau: Nhirng chiSn binh san dSu ngu tai nha

rong, vu trang bang giao mac, diu dpi mu hoa trang long

chim, dang dem hk thinh linh tan cong vao mot lang khac.

Hp bat til binh giai vk thira rupng dSu lang minh, "choc

ti6t" va chat thii dp. Hp tin rang, mau cua nhirng tii binh

do phun xu6ng thira rupng se lam cho miia mang tuai tot.

Hp con ISy mau boi len ca thg, ruai vao thoc gidng....

Xem: VD Quang Thien, Ngo Van Doanh (1994), NhCrng

phong tuc ddc ddo cua Dong Nam A, Nxb Van hoa Thong

tin. Ha Npi.

''' Chif diing cua nha Nho theo Tan hpc - cir nhan, hpc gia

Phan Kg Binh. Xem: Phan Kg Binh (1995), Viel Nam

phong luc, Nxb TP H6 Chi Minh.

thdm chf - trong nhieu trudng hop, khdng

phdi bao gid ciing de ddng nhdn ra chung*"".

2. O Viet Nam, cdc cu ddn thdi van hda

Ddng Son van cdn ed nhirng bieu hien khd

rd net cdc hinh thai tin nguong phdn thuc.

Ddu tfch Id cdc cap tupng nam nir giao phdi

hdn nhien tren nap thap ddng Ddo Thinh vd

gidn tiep Id hinh dnh dm vat - duang vat qua

md tip ngdi sao nhieu cdnh (mdi cdnh sao la

linga) vd hinh xen ke giira cdc cdnh sao

(ydni) dupe the hien d trung tdm cua mat cdc

trdng ddng Ddng Son kieu A 1 (Ngpc Lu,

Hodng Ha, Cd Loa)*^'. Ci ngudi Cham, hinh

dnh linga-ydni van dang hien htru trong cdc

thdp Cham dpc duyen hdi mien Trung ddt

nudc vd cho tdi ddu the ky XX, cdc cu dan

Cd Tu vdn cdn dupe biet tdi vdi danh hieu

les chasseurs de sang ("nhirng ke san

mdu")*^*. Tin nguong phdn thuc vd khdt

vpng tdi sinh cdn the hien sdng dpng qua cdc

NGHIEN C(JfU OONG B^C fl. s6 1(95) 1-2009

'•"^ Chang han cac truang hop lien quan den cay chuoi/trai

chu6i a mot s6 cu dan Dong Nam A. Xem: Cao The Trinh

(2006), Cdy chudi vai tin ngirang phdn thuc Irong tiem

thirc ciia mdt sd cu ddn a Ddng Nam A. T C Dan tpc hpc

s6 3 (141), tr. 9-12. Cung can noi them, tin nguong phdn

thuc hoan toan khac \h ban chSt so vai cac each tim toi

nham thoa man tinh due ki6u "phong trung bi thuat" hay

"vanh ngoai bay chir, vanh trong tam ngh6",... ciia tirng

lap thuang luu ngudi Han thdi trung dai; khac vdi cac trao

luu "cdi trdi" vdi nhirng tranh tupng khda than tran lan d

chau au thdi Phue Hung va cang khac xa vdi cac hinh thirc

khieu dam, kich due ddi truy cua cai gpi la "van hda sk\"

thdi hifn dai.

'''Tran Ngpc Them, Sdc/j da ddn. tr. 240.

'*' Le Pichon, Les chassuers de sang, B.A.V.H, 1938. Dan

theo: Nguyin Hiru Thdng (chii bien) - Ka lu - ke sdng

ddu ngon mr&c. Nxb Thuan Hda, Hug, 2004, tr. 373 392

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