Tiếp tục cải thiện môi trường đầu tư của Việt Nam

NHUNG VAN D€ KINH T€V! M^ P

TIEP TUC CAI THIEN MOI TRl/dNG DAU TU"

CUA VIET NAM

TS. Pham Van Hiing

Dqi hgc Kinh te Qudc ddn

Khi nghien cifu ve dau ta tai Viet Nam, chung tdi thay ring hien tai, mdi trudng dau tu

vin la rao cin rat ldn trong viee thu hut vdn dau tu trong va nude ngoai cho phat then

kinh te. Tuy nhien, mdi trudng dau tulai bao gdm rat nhieu yeu to eau thanh va mac dp

anh hudng eua moi nhan tP den y djnh va hanh vi eua nha dau tu se rat khae nhau.

Thani ehi cd the ehi rat it cac nhan td ciia mdi trudng dau tu se anh hudng dang ke va

cd^ bin den hoat dpng dau tu tai Viet Nam. Bai viet nay se ap dijng nguyen ly Pareto

de nhan dien nhan to nao ciia nidi trudng^ diu tu (20%) quyet djnh chu yeu (80%) dau

tutai Viet Nam. jadd, eae giai phap se tap trung hdn va gdp phin han ehe sa lang phi

ngudn lite khi de xua't mpt loat giai phap nhung khdng rd tha ta au tien trong thue thi.

1 . Nguyen ly Pareto va

viec Ufng dung-no vao

danh gia mdi trudng

dau tu

Nguyen ly Pareto, hay edn

gpi la nguyen ly 80/20, do mpt

hoc gia ngudi Italy (Vilfredo

Pireto) phat hien khi dang

nghien eUu ve sU phan bd eiia

cai va thu rihap tai nude Anh.

Ong thay ring phin Idn dien

tic,h dat dai ya thu nhap dupe

kiem seat bdi mpt sd it ngL/di

trong xa hpi. Tren thue te, 20%

dan sd kilm seat dei) 80% ciia

cai va thu nhap.

Trong nht/ng phan tich va

nghien eifu sau nay, eae hpe

gia eung phat hien ra ring

nguyen tie nay khdng ehi

diing trong nhilu qud'e gia, giai

doan lieh sir ma edn dimg

trong nhieu ITnh vUc khae

nhau, ti/ eae ITnh vUe hhu kinh

t l , quan trj kinh doanh, eho

den kho,a 'hpe xa hpi ndi

ehung, k l ea ifnh vUc vah hoa,

nghe thuat eho den ea cae

hien tupng tu nhien.

Tae gia Richard Korh da

ehirng minh bang sd lieu thue

te ring, trong rit nhilu trUdhg

hop 80% ket qui den tU 20%

no,lue hoac nguyen nhan.

Chang han, trong ITnh vUc kinh

t l va quin tri kinh doanh

ehiing ta van nghe ndi rang,

20% tao ra 80% eho mdt

doanh hghiep. Vi du, ngin

hang Royal ciia Canada dat

tai Toronto mdi day tinh toin

lpi nhuan mdi khaeh hang eiia

minh dem lai nhu th i nap.

NgUdi ta ngac nhien khi biet

ring 17% khieh hang dem lai

93% Ipi nhuan. 20% qudc gi'a

vdi chira diy 20% dan sd the

gidi tieu thu 70% nang lUPng,

75% kim loai va 85% go. ChUa

den 20% b l mat trai da't eho

80% khoang sih. Dudi 20% sd

loai gay ra hon 80% suy thoai

v l sinh thai., Tham chf, ngudi

ta tinh ra chi mdt trong sd 30

trieu loai tren trai da't (tifc la

khoing 0,00000003%) la

nguyen nhan ciia 40% thiet

hai. Chua di y 20% sd cude

chien tranh xiy ra din din

hPn 80% thUPng vong. Khdng

din 20% may gay ra 80%

mua. 20% tpi pham la nguyen

nhan cua 80% cae vu pham

tpi. 20% sd ngudi luii thdng

tren dudng gay ra 80% eae vu

tai nan. 20% tuyln dUdng

ehilm 80% luu lUdng xe ep

hang ,ngay. 20% ldi, hang hpi

iam niy sinh 80%jae rdi. Gin

20% tat ea eae bin nhac tren

t h i gidi da ghi am dupe hPn

80% thdi gian. Trong ITnh vUc

diu tu, 15% eae nha diu tu

thanh cdng cung cap 82% s,d

tiin mat. Tren 80% eiia eai

dugc tao ra tU nhufng ITnh vuc

kinh ddanh mdi xuat phat tU

ehua den 20% nhiirig ngudi

khdi tao ra ehiing. Chi khoang

20% cac phat minh cd 80%

tae dpng den eude sd'ng eiia

loai hgudi. Tren '80% nhiimg

dpt pha v l khoa hpc xua't phat

tu ehua den 2070 cae nha

khoa hpe tren th i gidi. Trong

mpi thdi dai, ehinh sd ft eae

nha khoa hoc dL/dc vinh danh

lai ehilm hau hit nhirng phat

rhinh. Tren 80% lUdng thue

ed dUde tU ehua din 20% dat

dai. Hope trong ehfnh trudng

hpp ciia Pareto, ehi 20% cay

diu Ha Lan trdng da eho ra

dl'n 80% dau thu hoaeh.

De phan tfch mdi trudng dau

tu theo nguyen ly Pareto,

chiing ta ed the sip xIp cae

ylu td eiia mdi trUdng dau tU

thaph cac nhdm khae nhau.

Chang han, ehiing ta se sip

xIp eae nhan td nay thanh 3

nhdm A, B va C. Nhdm A la

nhung nhari td guan trpng

nha't anh hudng din 80% mire

dau tu (sd du an hoac quy md

vdri), nhdm B la nhdm ep anh

hudng 6 rnire dp tuong dd'i edn

nhdm C inh hi/dng rat khiem

tdn. Trinh tu thue hien phan

tfch qua 8 bLrde: Bude 1: chpn

nhiJmg nguyen nhan (yeu td

eiia mdi trudng diu tu) ep inh

hudng den tinh hinh dau tU;

Budc 2: quylt djnh mpt

khoang thdi gian guan sit;

Bude 3: phan ti'eh mUc dp anh

hL/dng eua timg nhan td din

diu tu (qua sd lieu thdng ke

hoac qua phdng vi'n, diiu tra);

Bude 4: Xi p hang eae ylu td

eiia mdi trudng dau tutheo thir

tu ve mi/e dd anh hudng; Budc

5: Ve dd thj'; Bude 6: Xi p vao

loai A nhCfng nguyen nhan inh

kinh tcJ'hat trien