Tiếp cận chính sách phát triển vùng

^ 1 'GHI6N CUU TRflO DOI

TIEP CAN CniNH SACfl

PHAT TRIEN VIJXG

TS. Nguyen Chi Thanh

Van phong Chu tich nuoc

Chinh saeh phat then vung la mdt bd phan eua chinh saeh qudc gia, muc tieu ciia

no nim trong muc tieu phat then kinh te xa hdi ciia mdt nudc, tuy thude vao nhUng yeu

eau vi muc tieu phat trien cua nudc dd. Tuy nhien, de'n nay vin edn nhieu y kien khac

nhau ve chinh saeh phat then vung. Bai viet nay thnh bay mdt each tie'p can ve chinh

saeh phat then vung hien nay a nude ta tren ca sd lam rd nhdng khai niem ca ban

trong khoa hqc kinh te nhu vung, phat then vung, ea che the ehe va chinh sach phat

then vung.

Vimg la mdt khai niem^

dupe sif dung kha pho

bidn, song den nay,

cac nganh khoa hpc khac

nhau lai cd each hiiu khdng

gidng nhau: Dia ly hpc coi

"viing" la mpt ddn nguyen dja

ly b l mat ciia trai dit; kinh t l

hpc hiiu "vung" la mpt don

nguyen kinh td tuong ddi hoan

ehinh tren phUdng dien kinh tl ;

ehinh tri hpc thudng cho

"vimg" la ddn nguyen hanh

chi'nh thuc hien quan ly hanh

chfnh; xa hdi hpe cei "vung" la

khu tu eu cd dae trung xa hpi

tUdng ddng ciia mpt loai ngudi

nao dd (ngdn ngif, tdn giao,

dan tpc, van hoa). Trong mpt

sd trudng hpp, chUa phan biet

rd rang cac thuat ngur "vimg"

"dja ban", "khu vUe", "mien",

"ddi", "dai",... Mac dii vay, da

sd y kiln cho ring viing la mdt

bd phan eiia lanh thd qudc gia,

ed dac diem tii nhien, kinh tl -

xa hdi dae thii, cd thi phan

biet vimg nay vdi cae vung

khac. Vimg ndi chung ed

nhimg dau hieu dac trung sau

day:

ThU nha't, vimg la met thiie

thi khach quan, chif khdng

phai de con ngudi "thilt ke",

"sang tao" ra d l phuc vu cho

muc dich rieng cua minh.

ThU hai, vimg la mpt khong

gian dia ly- mpt lanh thd xac

dinh, thudc quyin sd hull ciia

mdt qudc gia. Cae lanh thd

nay cd vj tri, hinh dang, kfch

thudc va quy md xac djnh. Vj

trf cLia tUng vung dupe xac

djnh qua he true tea dp, qua

sii tiep giap vdi cac dia danh

hanh chfnh hay tii nhien. Mdi

vimg cung cd hinh dang, kfch

thudc xac dinh. Vung cd nhilu

cap theo quy md (quy md v l

dien tfch, dan sd, quy md v l

cac heat ddng kinh te- xa

hdi,...). Quy md va sd lupng

vimg cd sii thay ddi thee cac

giai dean phat triln khac nhau.

ThU ba, trong vung tdn tai

nhu'ng ylu td tu nhien (dat dai,

khf hau, dpng thuc vat, tai

nguyen, khoang san, ngudn

nudc, dia hinh, sdng hd, tham

ddng thiic vat,...); cae ydu td

xa hdi (dan cU, ngudn lae

dpng, dan tdc, van hoa, ljch

sif,..) cac ydu kinh t l (ndng

nghiep, lam nghiep, edng

nghiep, giao thdng van tai,

thUdng mai, dich vu,... va cac

cd Sd vat chat ky thuat phuc vu

cac hoat dpng kinh te dd). Cae

yeu to tu nhien, kinh tl - xa hpi

dd cau thanh vung.

ThUtU, cae ylu td cau thanh

nen vimg cd siitudng ddi ddng

nhat bep trong (nhung khdng

ddng chat vdi nhau) nhung lai

tUdng ddi khac biet vdi bdn

ngoai (tfnh ddng nhat va khac

biet chi'nh la c5n cif d l phan

vung). Ndi each khac, vimg la

mdt bd phan ciia lanh thd dac

thii trong pham vi lanh thd ciia

mdt qudc gia. Do tfnh dac thu,

trong thifc te khdng cd bat ky

mpt qudc gia nao gidng viing

nao.

ThU nam, trong vimg, d cac

mife dp khac nhau, lien tuc

dien ra cac qua trinh tu nhien,

nhan khau hpc, kinh t l va xa

hdi. Cac qua trinh nay cd ban

chat khac nhau, cimg tdn tai

va hoat ddng thee nhifng quy

luat rieng eiia minh, nhung

deu la nhufng khau tat ylu ciia

chu trinh trao ddi vat chat,

nang lUdng va thdng tin van

hanh lien tue trong khdng gian

va thdi gian.

ThU sau, tren giac dp quan

ly dat nude, vung dUde quan

niem la cap trung gian giifa

qudc gia va dja phUdng/tinh.

Vimg ed thi bae gdm mdt so

dja phUdng/tinh va mpt qudc

gia ed mdt sd vimg tuy theo

each phan chia trong tUng giai

dean cu thi.

He thdng cac vimg ludn cd

suthay ddi ve sd lUdng va quy

md theo thdi gian vi sU tdn tai

eiia vimg la khach quan nhung

lai duqc ehu quan hoa, tifc la

dupc con ngudi phan dinh va

to chifc thee nguyen tie vi con

ngUdi. Ndi each khae, cae yeu

34 kinh teihat trien