Thương cảng manila thế kỷ 17 và mối liên hệ với khu vực đông bắc á

THirONG CANG MANILA THi KY 17 VA

MOI UEN HE von KHU VlfC DONG BAC A

DUDNG VJiN HUY*

7V7dm 1565, sau khi danh chieni

-/ T Philippin, de khai thdc tdi da Igi'thl

cua Philippin vd cdc thude dia d My Latinh,

Tdy Ban Nha da md ra tuyen mdu dich hdng

hdi thuyen budm ldn tir Manila din

Acapulco cua Mexico, van chuyen bae ciia

Mexico den Manila de Idy to sdng vd lua cua

Trung Qude. Tdy Ban Nha da bien Manila

trd thdnh trung tdm mdu dich quan trgng cua

Philippin vd ciia cd khu vyc. Id ddu mdi quan

trgng trong tuyen thuang mai Chdu A va My

Latinh. To lua vd cdc hdng hod khdc tir thi

tnrdng Ddng A dugc dua qua Mexico, rdi tir

Mexico hdng hod lai dugc tdi xudt khdu vdo

cac nudc Chdu Au. Cudi the ky 16 den the

ky 17, thuang cang Manila trd nen phdn

thinh va trd thdnh mdt trong nhUng thuang

cdng vdi tu each Id tram trung chuyen quan

trgng trong nhiing boat ddng mdu dich khu

vyc vd the gidi. Trong hodn cdnh dd, thi

trudng Ddng Bde A Id mdt trong nhirng nhdn

td vd ciingquan trgng anh hudng tdi sy hung

thinh ciing nhu suy tan ciia cdng thi ndy.

Tay Ban Nha va sy hwng thinh cua

thuong cang Manila

; Tdy Ban Nha chiem Philippin vdi ba muc

dich rd rdng la gidnh thi phdn budn ban

huong lieu, lien he vdi Trung Qude vd Nhdt

Ban de md dudng truyen dao, ldm cho nhdn

ddn Philippin theo Dao Co ddc. Tuy nhien

hg chi dat dugc d muc dich thii ba. Philippin

khdng san xudt huong lieu, viec cdi dao d

Trung Qude va Nhdt Bdn Id do tudng. Do

khdng cd huong lieu vd vang bae, nen viec

budn bdn vdi Trung Qude vd Nhdt Ban Id

dieu thiet yeu de ldm cho thude dia Philippin

khdng mac ng^'. Hon niia, ciing do sy ngheo

ndn ve tdi nguyen khien cho Tdy Ban Nha

ban dau edm thdy thdt vgng. Mdt vien tdng

ddc Tdy Ban Nha nhiem ky thir 3 d Manila

Id Fracisco de Sande thdm chi cdn ggi viing

nay "ca« cdi den mire ngudi ta phdi dua bd

thi de sdng". Mac du vay, ddi trudng ddi

thuong thuyen cua Miguel Lopezde Legazpi

Id Juan Table Carrion da nhdn ra cdn phdi

khdc thdc tiem ndng thuong mai ciia viing

nay, cho rdng: "qudn ddo ndy chdng cd lai r

ich gi ddng ndi cd, trir khi md nhirng tuyen

mdu dich vai Trung Quoc vd nhirng quoc gia

Ddng An Do khdc"^^\ Mat khdc, do ludn

phdi ddi chgi vdi sy canh tranh ciia Bd Ddo

Nha Nha d Ddng Nam A, de cd the thu hiit

boat ddng thuong mai cua khu vyc, chinh

quyen Tay Ban Nha da de ra nhiing chinh

sdch khuyen khich thuang nhdn Chau A den

Philippin budn bdn. Vdo cudi the ky 16,

chinh sdch dd da thu dugc nhiing ket qud

nhdt dinh. Vd, "Manila trd thdnh diem den

ciia cac nhd budn Trung Qude, Nhdt Ban,

Siam, Cambodia vd qudn ddo Spice. Trudc

dd, viec budn ban vdi Trung Qude da khd

phdt dat. Nhiing thuyen budn ldn cua Tdy

Ban Nha tir hdi cdng Acapulo cua Mexico dd

* Thac sT, Vien Nghien ciiu Dong Nam A

*" D.G.E. Hall, Lich sic Dong Nam A, Nxb Chinh tri Qu6c

gia, HaNoi, 1997, tr. 391-393.

'2* W. L. Schurz, The Manila Galleon, New York, E. P.

Dutton&Co., 1959, p.45.

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