Thị trường lao động Việt Nam - Thực trạng và giải pháp

T H I TRl/OfN G LA O D0N G VIE T NA M -

THL/ C TRAN G V A GIA I PHA P

TS. NGUYEN THj HAI VAN

Phd Cue trudng Cue Viec lam,

Giam doc Trung tdm qud'c gia dU bdo vd

thdng tin thi trudng lao ddng.

Bd Lao ddng - ThUdng binh vd xd hoi

Over past time, Vietnam

labour market has gained

remarkable developments: the

number of employed persons

has continuously increased;

labour quality has been

improved; labour structure has

gradually changed in positive

direction; employment share of

non-state sector tended to

increase; proportion of wage￾earners considerably rose; wage

and salary tended to reflected

the value of labour performed...

Nevertheless, there still exist

many shortcomings In Vietnam

labour market, such as: labour

quality Is still low in comparison

to regional and international

level; ensuring employment for

labourers remains a big chal￾lenge; workers in agricultural

sector and rural area still

account for big share...

In order to develop labour

market, it is required to concen￾trate on the following measures:

to complete legal system and

policies related to labour mar￾ket; to develop human

resources through education

and vocational training; to per￾fect information network about

labour market; to intensify con￾nection between supply and

demand of labour; to renovate

salary policy towards market

mechanism...

Dd' i vdi cac qudc gia tren the gidi, phat trien thi trudng lao

ddng la mdt yeu to khach quan nhSm phan bd va sd dung

hieu qua ngudn nhan lUc, nang cao nang suat lao ddng xa

hdi, tSng sdc canh tranh va tao ra nhieu viec lam, trUc tiep day manh

phat trien kinh te - xa hdi dat nUdc.

Trong nhdng nam qua, thi trudng lao ddng cua nUdc ta dang tdng

budc duoc hoan thien va phat trien, tuy nhien vin cdn tdn tai nhieu

han che nha't dinh. Bai viet dudi day se di sau phan tich thuc trang thi

trUdng lao ddng cua Viet Nam thdi gian qua, tU dd de xua't mot sd giai

phap de thuc day sU phat trien cua thi trUdng nay.

1. Thi/c trang thj trudng lao dong ciia Viet Nam thdi gian qua

a. Thanh tutu

Theo ket qua dieu tra lao dong - viec lam nam 2009, lqc luong lao

dong cua ck nUdc la 49,3 trieu ngUdi (chie'm 57,2% dan sd'), trong dd

nhdm tud'i tu* 15-29 tudi chie'm 32,1%; tdc dd tang Ipc luong lao ddng

vao khoang 2%/nam, bd sung khoang 1 trieu ngPdi/nam vao Ipc lupng

lao ddng (trong dd chu ye'u la lao ddng tre). Day la lpi the ldn dong thdi

cung la thach thdc ldn trong van de giai quyet viec lam cho ngUdi lao

ddng hang nam.

Quy md lao ddng cd viec lam ngay cang tang, td 39 trieu ngUdi nam

2001 tang len 48,01 trieu ngUdi nam 2009. Hien nay, ca node cd tren

4,145 trieu cd sd kinh te, hanh chinh, sp nghiep, thu hut gan 1 7 trieu

lao dpng vao lam viec, trong dd cd gan 3,935 trieu co sd thudc khu vpc

san xua't, kinh doanh (chiem 94,9%); tren 200 nghin doanh nghiep

dang hoat ddng, gdp phan thu hut khoang 500 nghin lao dpng vao lam

viec/nam; 219 khu cdng nghiep (KCN) duoc thanh lap va phan bd tren

54 tinh/thanh phd, trong dd cd 1 1 8 KCN da di vao hoat ddng, thu hul

tren 1 trieu lao ddng lam viec. Nhin chung, ty le that nghiep chung cua

Viet Nam la kha tha'p (nam 2009, ty le nay la 2,8%); ty le that nghiep

d khu vpc thanh thi cd xu hUdng giam dan (td 6,28% nSm 2001 xudng

cdn 4,63% nam 2009).

40 THONG TIN & DJ BAO KINH TE - XA HOI So 61+62 (1.2011)