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TCN 68-198:2001 docx
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Mô tả chi tiết
ThiÕt bÞ ®Çu cuèi hÖ thèng th«ng tin an toµn
vµ cøu n¹n hµng h¶i toµn cÇu - gmdss
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS)
Terminal Equipment
Phao v« tuyÕn chØ vÞ trÝ khÈn cÊp Hµng h¶i (EPIRB)
ho¹t ®éng ë tÇn sè 406,025 MHz
Yªu cÇu kü thuËt
Maritime Emergency Position Indicating
Radio Beacon (EPIRB) Operating on 406.025 MHz
Technical Requirements
68 198 2001
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Môc lôc
* Lêi nãi ®Çu ........................................................................................................................9
1. Ph¹m vi.................................................................................................... 10
2. §Þnh nghÜa vµ ch÷ viÕt t¾t ...................................................................... 10
2.1 §Þnh nghÜa ...................................................................................... 10
2.2 Ch÷ viÕt t¾t...................................................................................... 11
3. Yªu cÇu chung......................................................................................... 11
3.1 Ph¹m vi........................................................................................... 11
3.2 §iÒu kiÖn ho¹t ®éng........................................................................ 11
3.3 D©y buéc ........................................................................................ 12
3.4 MÇu s¾c .......................................................................................... 12
3.5 §Ìn hiÖu ......................................................................................... 12
3.6 C¸c bé phËn ®iÒu khiÓn................................................................... 12
3.7 C¸c chØ b¸o ..................................................................................... 13
3.8 ChÕ ®é tù thö................................................................................... 13
3.9 Nh·n ............................................................................................... 13
3.10 C¸c chØ dÉn khai th¸c .................................................................... 13
3.11 ThiÕt bÞ dÉn ®−êng ........................................................................ 14
3.12 C¸c phô kiÖn ................................................................................. 14
3.13 Nguån........................................................................................... 14
3.13.1 ¾c-qui................................................................................ 14
3.13.2 Yªu cÇu an toµn.................................................................. 14
4. §iÒu kiÖn ®o kiÓm ................................................................................... 14
4.1 Yªu cÇu chung ................................................................................ 14
4.2 KiÓm tra chÊt l−îng ........................................................................ 15
4.3 ChuÈn bÞ EPIRB ®Ó ®o kiÓm........................................................... 15
4.4 Tr×nh tù ®o kiÓm ............................................................................. 15
4.5 Nguån ®o kiÓm ............................................................................... 15
4.6 VÞ trÝ ®o kiÓm.................................................................................. 15
4.7 ThiÕt lËp ®o kiÓm............................................................................ 16
4.8 M¸y thu ®o...................................................................................... 17
4.9 Anten ®o ......................................................................................... 17
4.10 §iÒu kiÖn ®o kiÓm b×nh th−êng ..................................................... 20
4.11 §iÒu kiÖn ®o kiÓm tíi h¹n............................................................. 20
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4.12 Thñ tôc ®o kiÓm ë nhiÖt ®é tíi h¹n................................................ 20
4.13 Sai sè ®o........................................................................................ 20
4.14 §¸nh gi¸ kÕt qu¶ ®o ...................................................................... 21
5. Thö nghiÖm m«i tr−êng.......................................................................... 21
5.1 Yªu cÇu chung ................................................................................ 21
5.2 Thö nhiÖt ®é.................................................................................... 21
5.3 Thö rung ........................................................................................ 23
5.4 Thö va ch¹m ................................................................................... 23
5.5 Thö ¨n mßn..................................................................................... 24
5.6 Thö r¬i vµo n−íc ............................................................................. 25
5.7 Thö sèc nhiÖt .................................................................................. 26
5.8 Thö ng©m n−íc ............................................................................... 26
5.9 Thö t¸c ®éng cña dßng phun n−íc................................................... 26
5.10 Thö næi ......................................................................................... 27
5.11 Thö bøc x¹ mÆt trêi....................................................................... 27
5.12 Thö t¸c dông cña dÇu .................................................................... 28
6. M¸y ph¸t ................................................................................................. 29
6.1 C«ng suÊt ®Çu ra ............................................................................. 29
6.2 TÇn sè ®Æc tr−ng.............................................................................. 29
6.3 §é æn ®Þnh tÇn sè thêi h¹n ng¾n...................................................... 30
6.4 §é æn ®Þnh tÇn sè thêi h¹n trung b×nh ............................................. 30
6.5 Gra®ien nhiÖt ®é ............................................................................. 32
6.6 MÆt n¹ phæ RF................................................................................ 33
6.7 §é lÖch pha vµ sù m· ho¸ sè liÖu .................................................... 34
6.8 Qu¸ ®é ®iÒu chÕ .............................................................................. 34
6.9 §èi xøng ®iÒu chÕ........................................................................... 35
7. D¹ng tÝn hiÖu........................................................................................... 36
7.1 Yªu cÇu chung ................................................................................ 36
7.2 Chu kú lÆp l¹i.................................................................................. 36
7.3 Tæng thêi gian ph¸t (Tt).................................................................. 37
7.4 PhÇn mµo ®Çu sãng mang (CW)...................................................... 37
7.5 Tèc ®é bit........................................................................................ 37
8. M· ho¸ EPIRB........................................................................................ 38
8.1 Yªu cÇu chung ................................................................................ 38
8.2 C¸c tr−êng bit hÖ thèng................................................................... 41
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8.2.1 §ång bé bit.......................................................................... 41
8.2.2 §ång bé khung .................................................................... 41
8.3 Tr−êng ®−îc b¶o vÖ ........................................................................ 41
8.3.1 Yªu cÇu chung ..................................................................... 41
8.3.2 Cê ®Þnh d¹ng........................................................................ 41
8.3.3 Cê giao thøc......................................................................... 41
8.3.4 Sè MID ................................................................................ 41
8.3.5 Giao thøc ng−êi sö dông hµng h¶i ........................................ 42
8.3.6 Giao thøc ng−êi sö dông ®o kiÓm......................................... 43
8.4 Tr−êng söa sai................................................................................. 44
8.5 Tr−êng m· ho¸ khÈn cÊp................................................................. 44
8.6 B¶n tin dµi (tuú chän)...................................................................... 45
9. C¸c yªu cÇu kü thuËt kh¸c ..................................................................... 46
9.1 C−êng ®é s¸ng hiÖu dông cña ®Ìn hiÖu ........................................... 46
9.2 Dung l−îng ¾c-qui .......................................................................... 47
9.3 ThiÕt bÞ dÉn ®−êng .......................................................................... 47
10. §o c«ng suÊt ph¸t x¹............................................................................. 50
10.1 Yªu cÇu chung ............................................................................. 50
10.2 C«ng suÊt ph¸t x¹.......................................................................... 50
10.3 C¸c ®Æc tÝnh anten......................................................................... 51
11. C¬ cÊu tù gi¶i phãng............................................................................. 52
11.1 Yªu cÇu chung .............................................................................. 52
11.1.1 C¸c ®iÒu kiÖn ho¹t ®éng..................................................... 52
11.1.2 Nh·n .................................................................................. 52
11.1.3 C¸c chØ dÉn khai th¸c ......................................................... 53
11.2 Tù ®éng phãng EPIRB .................................................................. 53
11.2.1 §Þnh nghÜa ......................................................................... 53
11.2.2 Ph−¬ng ph¸p ®o.................................................................. 53
11.2.3 Yªu cÇu.............................................................................. 53
* Tµi liÖu tham kh¶o ....................................................................................... 54
68 198 2001
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content
* Foreword ........................................................................................................................ 55
1. Scope ....................................................................................................... 56
2. Definitions and abbreviations................................................................56
2.1 Definitions...................................................................................... 56
2.2 Abbreviations.................................................................................. 57
3. General requirements............................................................................. 57
3.1 Scope .............................................................................................. 57
3.2 Operating conditions....................................................................... 57
3.3 Lanyard .......................................................................................... 58
3.4 Colour and surface.......................................................................... 58
3.5 Low duty cycle light ....................................................................... 58
3.6 Controls.......................................................................................... 58
3.7 Indicators........................................................................................ 59
3.8 Self-test mode ................................................................................. 59
3.9 Labelling ........................................................................................ 59
3.10 Operating instructions................................................................... 60
3.11 Homing device.............................................................................. 60
3.12 Accessories................................................................................... 60
3.13 Power source................................................................................. 60
3.13.1 Battery requirements .......................................................... 60
3.13.2 Safety precautions ............................................................. 60
4. Test conditions........................................................................................ 60
4.1 General ........................................................................................... 60
4.2 Performance check.......................................................................... 61
4.3 Preparation of satellite EPIRB for testing........................................ 61
4.4 Test sequence.................................................................................. 62
4.5 Test power source ........................................................................... 62
4.6 Test site .......................................................................................... 61
4.7 Test set-up ...................................................................................... 63
4.8 Test receiver ................................................................................... 64
4.9 Measuring antenna.......................................................................... 64
4.10 Normal test conditions.................................................................. 67
4.11 Extreme test conditions................................................................. 67
68 198 2001
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4.12 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures.................................. 67
4.13 Measurement uncertainties ........................................................... 67
4.14 Interpretation of the measurement results...................................... 68
5. Environmental tests................................................................................ 68
5.1 General ........................................................................................... 68
5.2 Temperature tests............................................................................ 68
5.3 Vibration test .................................................................................. 70
5.4 Ruggedness test.............................................................................. 71
5.5 Corrosion test.................................................................................. 72
5.6 Drop test into water......................................................................... 73
5.7 Thermal shock test.......................................................................... 74
5.8 Immersion test ................................................................................ 74
5.9 Hose stream test.............................................................................. 74
5.10 Buoyancy test................................................................................ 75
5.11 Solar radiation test ........................................................................ 75
5.12 Oil resistance test.......................................................................... 76
6. Transmitter............................................................................................. 77
6.1 Output power.................................................................................. 77
6.2 Characteristic frequency ................................................................. 77
6.3 Short term frequency stability ......................................................... 78
6.4 Medium term frequency stability .................................................... 79
6.5 Temperature gradient...................................................................... 80
6.6 RF spectrum mask .......................................................................... 81
6.7 Phase deviation and data encoding.................................................. 82
6.8 Rise and fall times .......................................................................... 83
6.9 Modulation symmetry..................................................................... 84
7. Signal format .......................................................................................... 85
7.1 General ........................................................................................... 85
7.2 Repetition period ............................................................................ 85
7.3 Total transmission time................................................................... 85
7.4 Carrier Wave (CW) preamble.......................................................... 86
7.5 Bit rate ............................................................................................ 86
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8. Satellite EPIRB coding........................................................................... 86
8.1 General ........................................................................................... 86
8.2 System bit fields ............................................................................. 90
8.2.1 Bit synchronisation............................................................... 90
8.2.2 Frame synchronisation ......................................................... 90
8.3 Protected field................................................................................. 90
8.3.1 General ................................................................................ 90
8.3.2 Format flag .......................................................................... 90
8.3.3 Protocol flag......................................................................... 90
8.3.4 MID number ........................................................................ 90
8.3.5 Maritime user protocol......................................................... 91
8.3.6 Test user protocol................................................................. 92
8.4 Error-correcting field ...................................................................... 93
8.5 Emergency code field ..................................................................... 93
8.6 Long message (optional)................................................................. 94
9. Other technical requirements ............................................................... 95
9.1 Effective luminous intensity of the low duty cycle light.................. 95
9.2 Battery capacity .............................................................................. 96
9.3 Homing device................................................................................ 96
9.3.1 General ................................................................................ 96
9.3.2 Frequency error.................................................................... 97
9.3.3 Modulation duty cycle ......................................................... 97
9.3.4 Modulation factor ................................................................ 98
9.3.5 Peak effective radiated power............................................... 98
9.3.6 Spurious emissions............................................................... 99
10. Radiation measurements...................................................................... 99
10.1 General ......................................................................................... 99
10.2 Radiated power............................................................................. 99
10.3 Antenna characteristics............................................................... 101
11. Release mechanism............................................................................. 102
11.1 General ....................................................................................... 102
11.1.1 Operating conditions........................................................ 102
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11.1.2 Labelling.......................................................................... 102
11.1.3 Operating instructions...................................................... 102
11.2 Automatic release of the satellite EPIRB..................................... 103
11.2.1 Definition......................................................................... 103
11.2.2 Method of measurement................................................... 103
11.2.3 Requirement .................................................................... 103
* references ................................................................................................................... 104
68 198 2001
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Lêi nãi ®Çu
Tiªu chuÈn TCN 68 - 198: 2001 “Phao v« tuyÕn chØ vÞ trÝ khÈn cÊp
Hµng h¶i (EPIRB) ho¹t ®éng ë tÇn sè 406,025 MHz - Yªu cÇu kü thuËt”
®−îc x©y dùng trªn c¬ së chÊp thuËn ¸p dông c¸c yªu cÇu kü thuËt cña tiªu
chuÈn ETS 300 066 cña ViÖn Tiªu chuÈn viÔn th«ng ch©u ¢u (ETSI).
Tiªu chuÈn TCN 68 - 198: 2001 do ViÖn Khoa häc kü thuËt B−u ®iÖn biªn
so¹n. Nhãm biªn so¹n do kü s− NguyÔn Minh Thoan chñ tr× víi sù tham gia
tÝch cùc cña c¸c kü s− D−¬ng Quang Th¹ch, Phan Ngäc Quang, NguyÔn Anh
TuÊn, NguyÔn Ngäc TiÕn, NguyÔn Xu©n Trô, Vò Hoµng HiÕu, Ph¹m B¶o S¬n,
c¸c c¸n bé nghiªn cøu cña Phßng nghiªn cøu kü thuËt v« tuyÕn, ViÖn Khoa
häc kü thuËt B−u ®iÖn vµ mét sè c¸n bé kü thuËt kh¸c trong Ngµnh.
Tiªu chuÈn TCN 68 - 198: 2001 do Vô Khoa häc C«ng nghÖ - Hîp t¸c
Quèc tÕ ®Ò nghÞ vµ ®−îc Tæng côc B−u ®iÖn ban hµnh kÌm theo QuyÕt ®Þnh
sè 1059/2001/Q§-TCB§ ngµy 21 th¸ng 12 n¨m 2001.
Tiªu chuÈn TCN 68 - 198: 2001 ®−îc ban hµnh kÌm theo b¶n dÞch tiÕng
Anh t−¬ng ®−¬ng kh«ng chÝnh thøc. Trong tr−êng hîp cã tranh chÊp vÒ c¸ch
hiÓu do biªn dÞch, b¶n tiÕng ViÖt ®−îc ¸p dông./.
Vô khoa häc c«ng nghÖ vµ hîp t¸c quèc tÕ
68 198 2001
10
Phao v« tuyÕn chØ vÞ trÝ khÈn cÊp hµng h¶i (EPIRB)
ho¹t ®éng ë tÇn sè 406,025 MHz
Yªu cÇu kü thuËt
(Ban hµnh theo QuyÕt ®Þnh sè 1059/2001/Q§ - TCB§ ngµy 21 th¸ng 12 n¨m 2001
cña Tæng côc tr−ëng Tæng côc B−u ®iÖn)
1. Ph¹m vi
Tiªu chuÈn nµy quy ®Þnh c¸c yªu cÇu tèi thiÓu vÒ chÊt l−îng vµ c¸c ®Æc tÝnh
kü thuËt cho c¸c Phao v« tuyÕn chØ vÞ trÝ khÈn cÊp (EPIRB) qua vÖ tinh khai th¸c
trong hÖ thèng vÖ tinh COSPAS-SARSAT ®Ó th«ng tin v« tuyÕn cho HÖ thèng
th«ng tin an toµn vµ cøu n¹n hµng h¶i toµn cÇu (GMDSS).
Tiªu chuÈn nµy phï hîp víi c¸c yªu cÇu liªn quan cña Liªn minh viÔn th«ng
quèc tÕ (ITU) vµ Tæ chøc Hµng h¶i quèc tÕ (IMO).
Tiªu chuÈn nµy ¸p dông cho c¸c EPIRB ho¹t ®éng ë tÇn sè 406,025 MHz vµ
®−îc trang bÞ mét thiÕt bÞ dÉn ®−êng 121,5 MHz c«ng suÊt thÊp.
C¸c EPIRB ho¹t ®éng trong kho¶ng nhiÖt ®é:
• -400C ®Õn +550C (lo¹i 1); hoÆc
• -200C ®Õn +550C (lo¹i 2);
víi mét c¬ cÊu tù gi¶i phãng tù do.
Tiªu chuÈn nµy lµm c¬ së cho viÖc chøng nhËn hîp chuÈn Phao v« tuyÕn chØ
vÞ trÝ khÈn cÊp hµng h¶i (EPIRB) ho¹t ®éng ë tÇn sè 406,025 MHz thuéc HÖ thèng
th«ng tin an toµn vµ cøu n¹n hµng h¶i toµn cÇu (GMDSS).
2. §Þnh nghÜa vµ ch÷ viÕt t¾t
2.1 §Þnh nghÜa
♦ EPIRB vÖ tinh
Tr¹m mÆt ®Êt thuéc nghiÖp vô th«ng tin l−u ®éng qua vÖ tinh, ph¸t x¹ cña nã
t¹o thuËn lîi cho c¸c ho¹t ®éng t×m kiÕm vµ cøu n¹n.
♦ C¬ cÊu tù gi¶i phãng