Tài liệu Vocabulary & Spelling Success ppt

VOCABULARY

& SPELLING

SUCCESS

VOCABULARY

& SPELLING

SUCCESS

IN 20 MINUTES

A DAY

NEW YORK

4th Edition

Published in the United States by LearningExpress, LLC, New York.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Vocabulary & spelling success : in 20 minutes a day.—4th ed.

p. cm.—(LearningExpress skill builders)

ISBN 1-57685-545-7

1. Vocabulary—Problems, exercises, etc. 2. English language—Orthography and spelling—Problems,

exercises, etc. I. Title: Vocabulary and spelling success. II. LearningExpress (Organization) II. Title. III.

Series: Skill builders series (New York, N.Y.)

PE1449.V58 2006

428.1—dc22

2006040829

Printed in the United States of America

987654321

Fourth Edition

ISBN 1-57685-545-7

For more information or to place an order, contact LearningExpress at:

55 Broadway

8th Floor

New York, NY 10006

Or visit us at:

www.learnatest.com

INTRODUCTION vii

CHAPTER 1 Pretest 1

CHAPTER 2 Vocabulary Terms and Language Origins 11

CHAPTER 3 Spelling Rules 15

CHAPTER 4 Vocabulary List 1—Prefixes 31

CHAPTER 5 Vocabulary List 2—Suffixes 45

CHAPTER 6 Vocabulary List 3—Learning Roots 59

CHAPTER 7 Vocabulary List 4—More Roots 73

CHAPTER 8 Vocabulary List 5—Foreign Language Terms

Used in English 87

CHAPTER 9 Vocabulary List 6—Business Terms 101

CHAPTER 10 Vocabulary List 7—Technology Terms 115

CHAPTER 11 Vocabulary List 8—Legal Terms 129

CHAPTER 12 Vocabulary List 9—Terms Relating to Language

and Literature 143

CHAPTER 13 Vocabulary List 10—Short Words That Mean a Lot 157

CHAPTER 14 Vocabulary List 11—Adjectives 171

CHAPTER 15 Vocabulary List 12—Acronyms 185

Contents

CHAPTER 16 Vocabulary List 13—Commonly Tested Words 197

CHAPTER 17 Vocabulary List 14—More Commonly Tested Words 211

CHAPTER 18 Vocabulary List 15—Philosophical Terms 225

CHAPTER 19 Posttest 239

APPENDIX A Studying for Success 249

APPENDIX B Additional Resources 259

–CONTENTS–

v i

The words we use to communicate every day are important in every aspect of our lives. From relaxing, to working, to studying, to taking tests, we use words to share with others how we feel, what we

think, and why we think that way. Without words, it is difficult to express our ideas to the rest of the

world. The more words we know—the larger our vocabulary—the more clearly we can communicate with others. Our vocabularies reveal our knowledge to the world; therefore, a person with a large vocabulary has the advantage of self-expression.

This book will help you learn the words you need to know to successfully express yourself in school, work,

and your personal life. The words in this book have been carefully chosen to help you learn what you need to know

to pass any test—from standardized tests, to civil service tests, to college entrance exams, and to professional job

interviews—and continue to build your vocabulary, even after you have finished using this book.

In each of the following chapters, you will complete practice exercises that have been created specifically to

help you understand words inside out. You will learn pronunciation, spelling, context, definitions, word parts,

denotation and connotation, synonyms, and antonyms. The word lists are grouped into categories, so you will be

able to associate them with like words and remember them more easily. There is also a crossword puzzle at the

beginning of chapters 14–18 to introduce you to the new words before you begin to work on the practice exercises. Then, you can take the Posttest at the end of the book and gauge how much you’ve really learned about words

and how you have improved your vocabulary.

Introduction

vii

How to Use This Book

Build Your Vocabulary

People haves three vocabularies in each language that

they speak:

■ A speaking vocabulary—words and expressions we use every day to communicate

■ A listening vocabulary—words and expressions

we have heard but may have never used

■ A reading vocabulary—words and expressions

we have encountered in print but have neither

heard nor used

One of the best ways to increase your vocabulary

is to make a conscious effort to move words from your

listening or reading vocabularies to your speaking

vocabulary—the words you not only understand, but

also use. This book is especially helpful because the

exercises you complete help you use your new vocabulary words so you know them cold. Suddenly, you’ll find

yourself speaking and writing with these new words,

and you will also find that reading will become much

easier as you begin to recognize more and more words.

Test makers try to assess how well you have

absorbed your language and how well you can use and

identify the words you know to express yourself and

understand others. Each lesson in this book will help

you show test makers and prospective employers that

you know how to communicate clearly and effectively,

and that you understand what others are communicating to you. Once you have learned the vocabulary

words and completed the exercises in this book, you’ll

have what you need to ace any exam or job interview.

Write It Down

If this book is yours, write in it as much as you like.

Write your answers in the blanks indicated and write

notes to yourself in the margins. It is meant for you to

consume. Pull out important details from the surrounding text to make them more visible and accessible to you. Underline or highlight information that

seems important to you. Make notes in the margins

that will help you follow what’s important as you practice and learn your new words.

Make Flash Cards

If you are having trouble remembering words, even

after the drills and practice exercises in the book, buy

some index cards and make flash cards for yourself.

Write a vocabulary word on one side of the card, and

then write its definition, synonyms, antonyms, or other

essential information on the other side of the card.

You can carry the cards with you to review when you

have a free moment.

Ask for Help

Enlist a friend or relative to help drill you on any word

with which you are having trouble. You’ll be surprised

at how much more you will remember if you share

what you know with someone else, and if they help you

come up with clues to help jog your memory.

Keep a List

In addition to the words you learn in this book, make

a list of flash cards of new, useful words that you

encounter at work, at school, on TV, in your reading,

or even at home. They will more than double the benefit you will get from using this book.

How the Book Is Set Up

Each chapter of this book that contains a word list

starts with a crossword puzzle to help you get

acquainted with your new words. Do your best to fill it

in; if there are some words you don’t recognize, you can

flip to the next page, where you will find the full definition, pronunciation and part of speech of each word

in the word list. Take a good look at how each word is

pronounced, especially the accented syllables. You

should pronounce each word aloud several times. The

sentence below each definition illustrates the word’s

meaning. You should fill in the blank inside each sen-

–INTRODUCTION–

viii

tence with the correct word from the list. It is a good

idea to say the entire sentence aloud.

Second, you will encounter several words from

the Vocabulary List in context. If you do not remember

the meaning of the words, you should circle any clues

in the text that might help you figure out the meaning

of these unfamiliar words.

Then, you will read and fill in the blank to complete the sentence by selecting the best choice from the

Vocabulary List on which you are working. Read each

sentence slowly and carefully. There are usually clues

within each sentence that tell you which word from the

list is the best choice.

Next, you will encounter exercises that revolve

around synonyms and antonyms. You will read a group

of words and decide which one is not a synonym. Then,

you will read a group of words and select the word

from the Vocabulary List that is most nearly opposite

in meaning from the entire group of words.

You will also complete matching, true/false, and

choosing the right word exercises that will help you

reinforce the meanings of each new word you have

learned. Then, at the end of the book, you will take a

75-question posttest so that you can see how much

you’ve learned as you’ve worked through this book.

The pretest that follows this Introduction will

help you see how good you are at identifying unfamiliar words. Then, Chapters 3 and 4 will teach you about

the basics of vocabulary. In Chapter 3, you’ll learn

important vocabulary terms and about language origins, and then in Chapter 4, you’ll learn important

spelling rules to help you become a better speller, even

on those tricky or foreign words. Then, you’ll get to the

word lists. The 15 Vocabulary List chapters consist of

helpful exercises to drill you on new words, so that by

the end of each lesson, you’ll know them inside out.

Finally, completing the posttest will show you how far

you’ve come, and how well you know your new words.

You can also refer to Appendices A and B to learn

important studying strategies and find out about other

valuable resources.

Self-Analysis

Find out how you feel about your own vocabulary with

the following self-assessment. Put a check next to the

sentences that best describe your own vocabulary habits.

1. I feel confident that I express myself

clearly in speaking.

2. I sometimes feel uncomfortable when I

know what I want to say but just can’t

think of the right word.

3. I notice unfamiliar words in print and

wonder about their meanings.

4. Sometimes I come across unfamiliar

words in print and feel that I should

know them.

5. I remember words that I had on

vocabulary quizzes and tests at school.

6. If I write down new words, I can learn

them.

7. If I come across an unfamiliar word in

print, I will look it up in the dictionary.

8. If I come across an unfamiliar word in

print, I will ask someone to tell me the

meaning.

9. If I hear an unfamiliar word in

conversation or on TV, I will ask

someone to tell me its meaning.

10. If I hear or see an unfamiliar word, I am

usually embarrassed to ask for or to look

up its meaning.

Your answers to these questions should give you

a good sense of how you feel about and use your

vocabulary.

–INTRODUCTION–

VOCABULARY

& SPELLING

SUCCESS

Before you start your study of vocabulary, you may want to get an idea of how much you already

know and how much you need to learn. If that’s the case, take the pretest in this chapter.

The pretest consists of 50 questions introducing you to many of the words you will learn as you

complete the exercises in this book. Even if you get all the questions on this pretest right, it’s almost guaranteed

that you will find a few words in this book that you didn’t know before. On the other hand, if you hardly know

any of the words on the pretest, don’t despair. Out of the many words in this book, you’re sure to find a few that

you are already familiar with, and that will make the going easier.

So, use this pretest just to get a general idea of how much of this book you already know. If you get a high

score on this pretest, you may be able to spend less time with this book than you originally planned. If you get a

lower score, you’ll be amazed at how much your vocabulary will improve by completing the exercises in each

chapter.

CHAPTER

Pretest 1

–LEARNINGEXPRESS ANSWER SHEET–

10.

11.

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13.

14.

15.

16.

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40. a b c d

a b c d

41.

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45.

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49.

50. a b c d e f g h i j

a b c d e f g h i j

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