Tài liệu The Rise of Political Economy in the Scottish Enlightenment docx

This collection of essays provides a comprehensive view of the economic

thought of the Scottish Enlightenment. Organized as a chronological account of

the rise and progress of political economy in eighteenth-century Scotland, each

chapter discusses the way in which the moral and economic improvement of the

Scottish nation became a common concern.

Contributors not only explore the economic discourses of David Hume,

James Steuart and Adam Smith but also consider the neglected economic writ￾ings of Andrew Fletcher, Robert Wallace, Francis Hutcheson, William

Robertson, John Millar and Dugald Stewart. This book addresses the question

of how these economic writings interacted with moral, political and historical

arguments of the time and shows how contemporary issues related to the union

with England, natural jurisprudence, classical republicanism, and manners and

civilization all contained an economic dimension. Key chapters include:

• The ancient–modern controversy in the Scottish Enlightenment

• The ‘Scottish Triangle’ in the shaping of political economy: David Hume,

Sir James Steuart and Adam Smith

• Civilization and history in Lord Kames and William Robertson

• Adam Smith in Japan

This view of the origin of economic science in Britain is markedly different from

traditional accounts and will be of interest to economic, political and social

historians.

Tatsuya Sakamoto is Professor of the History of Social Thought in the

Faculty of Economics at Keio University, Japan. His publications on David

Hume and the Scottish Enlightenment include David Hume’s Civilized Society:

Industry, Knowledge and Liberty, which was awarded the Suntory Prize for Social

Sciences and Humanities (1996) and the Japan Academy Prize (2001).

Hideo Tanaka is Professor of the History of Social Thought in the Faculty of

Economics at Kyoto University, Japan. His numerous books and articles on the

Scottish Enlightenment thinkers include Studies in the Intellectual History ofthe Scottish

Enlightenment and Transformation in the Science of Society: From Natural Law to Social Science.

The Rise of Political Economy

in the Scottish Enlightenment

Routledge Studies in the History of Economics

1 Economics as Literature

Willie Henderson

2 Socialism and Marginalism in Economics, 1870–1930

Edited by Ian Steedman

3 Hayek’s Political Economy

The socio-economics of order

Steve Fleetwood

4 On the Origins of Classical Economics

Distribution and value from William Petty to Adam Smith

Tony Aspromourgos

5 The Economics of Joan Robinson

Edited by Maria Cristina Marcuzzo, Luigi Pasinetti and Alessandro Roncaglia

6 The Evolutionist Economics of Léon Walras

Albert Jolink

7Keynes and the ‘Classics’

A study in language, epistemology and mistaken identities

Michel Verdon

8 The History of Game Theory, volume 1

From the beginnings to 1945

Robert W. Dimand and Mary Ann Dimand

9 The Economics of W.S. Jevons

Sandra Peart

10 Gandhi’s Economic Thought

Ajit K. Dasgupta

11 Equilibrium and Economic Theory

Edited by Giovanni Caravale

12 Austrian Economics in Debate

Edited by Willem Keizer, Bert Tieben and Rudy van Zijp

13 Ancient Economic Thought

Edited by B.B. Price

14 The Political Economy of Social Credit and Guild Socialism

Frances Hutchinson and Brian Burkitt

15 Economic Careers

Economics and Economists in Britain, 1930–1970

Keith Tribe

16 Understanding ‘Classical’ Economics

Studies in the Long-period Theory

Heinz Kurz and Neri Salvadori

17History of Environmental Economic Thought

E. Kula

18 Economic Thought in Communist and Post-Communist Europe

Edited by Hans-Jürgen Wagener

19 Studies in the History of French Political Economy

From Bodin to Walras

Edited by Gilbert Faccarello

20 The Economics of John Rae

Edited by O.F. Hamouda, C. Lee and D. Mair

21 Keynes and the Neoclassical Synthesis

Einsteinian versus Newtonian Macroeconomics

Teodoro Dario Togati

22 Historical Perspectives on Macroeconomics

Sixty Years after the ‘General Theory’

Edited by Philippe Fontaine and Albert Jolink

23 The Founding of Institutional Economics

The Leisure Class and Sovereignty

Edited by Warren J. Samuels

24 Evolution of Austrian Economics

From Menger to Lachmann

Sandye Gloria

25 Marx’s Concept of Money: the God of Commodities

Anitra Nelson

26 The Economics of James Steuart

Edited by Ramón Tortajada

27The Development of Economics in Europe since 1945

Edited by A.W. Bob Coats

28 The Canon in the History of Economics

Critical Essays

Edited by Michalis Psalidopoulos

29 Money and Growth

Selected Papers of Allyn Abbott Young

Edited by Perry G. Mehrling and Roger J. Sandilands

30 The Social Economics of Jean-Baptiste Say

Markets and virtue

Evelyn L. Forget

31 The Foundations of Laissez-faire

The Economics of Pierre de Boisguilbert

Gilbert Faccarello

32 John Ruskin’s Political Economy

Willie Henderson

33 Contributions to the History of Economic Thought

Essays in honour of R.D.C. Black

Edited by Antoin E. Murphy and Renee Prendergast

34 Towards an Unknown Marx

A Commentary on the Manuscripts of 1861–63

Enrique Dussel

35 Economics and Interdisciplinary Exchange

Edited by Guido Erreygers

36 Economics as the Art of Thought

Essays in Memory of G.L.S. Shackle

Edited by Stephen F. Frowen and Peter Earl

37The Decline of Ricardian Economics

Politics and Economics in Post-Ricardian theory

Susan Pashkoff

38 Piero Sraffa

His Life, Thought and Cultural Heritage

Alessandro Roncaglia

39 Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in Economic Theory

The Marshall–Walras Divide

Edited by Michel de Vroey

40 The German Historical School

The Historical and Ethical Approach to Economics

Edited by Yuichi Shionoya

41 Reflections on the Classical Canon in Economics

Essays in Honor of Samuel Hollander

Edited by Sandra Peart and Evelyn Forget

42 Piero Sraffa’s Political Economy

A Centenary Estimate

Edited by Terenzio Cozzi and Roberto Marchionatti

43 The Contribution of Joseph Schumpeter to Economics

Economic Development and Institutional Change

Richard Arena and Cecile Dangel

44 On the Development of Long-run Neo-classical Theory

Tom Kompas

45 F.A. Hayek as a Political Economist

Economic Analysis and Values

Edited by Jack Birner, Pierre Garrouste and Thierry Aimar

46 Pareto, Economics and Society

The Mechanical Analogy

Michael McLure

47The Cambridge Controversies in Capital Theory

A Study in the Logic of Theory Development

Jack Birner

48 Economics Broadly Considered

Essays in Honor of Warren J. Samuels

Edited by Steven G. Medema, Jeff Biddle and John B. Davis

49 Physicians and Political Economy

Six Studies of the Work of Doctor-economists

Edited by Peter Groenewegen

50 The Spread of Political Economy and the Professionalisation of

Economists

Economic Societies in Europe, America and Japan in the Nineteenth Century

Massimo Augello and Marco Guidi

51 Historians of Economics and Economic Thought

The Construction of Disciplinary Memory

Steven G. Medema and Warren J. Samuels

52 Competing Economic Theories

Essays in Memory of Giovanni Caravale

Sergio Nisticò and Domenico Tosato

53 Economic Thought and Policy in Less Developed Europe

The Nineteenth Century

Edited by Michalis Psalidopoulos and Maria-Eugenia Almedia Mata

54 Family Fictions and Family Facts

Harriet Martineau, Adolphe Quetelet and the Population Question in England

1798–1859

Brian Cooper

55 Eighteeth-century Economics

Peter Groenewegen

56 The Rise of Political Economy in the Scottish Enlightenment

Edited by Tatsuya Sakamoto and Hideo Tanaka

57Classics and Moderns in Economics, volume 1

Essays on Nineteenth- and Twentieth-century Economic Thought

Peter Groenewegen

58 Classics and Moderns in Economics, volume 2

Essays on Nineteenth- and Twentieth-century Economic Thought

Peter Groenewegen

Edited by Tatsuya Sakamoto

and Hideo Tanaka

The Rise of Political

Economy in the Scottish

Enlightenment

First published 2003

by Routledge

11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada

by Routledge

29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group

© 2003 editorial matter and selection, Tatsuya Sakamoto and Hideo

Tanaka; individual chapters, the authors

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or

reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic,

mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter

invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any

information storage or retrieval system, without permission in

writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

The rise of political economy in teh Scottish enlightenment / edited by Tatsuya

Sakamoto and Hideo Tanaka.

p.cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0–415–29648–X

1.Economics--Scotland--History. 2. Economics--Scotland--Biography.

3. Philosophy, Scottish. 4. Scotland--Intellectual life.. 5. Enlightenment

--Scotland. 6. Smith, Adam, 1723-1790. 7. Hume, David, 1711-1776.

8. Fletcher, Andrew, 1655-1716. 9. Hutcheson, Francis, 1694-17446.

10. Stewart, Dugald, 1753-1828. I. Sakamoto, Tatsuya, 1955-II.

Tanaka, Hideo, 1949-

HB103.A2 R57 2003

330’ .092’2411--dc21 2002031936

This edition published in the Taylor and Francis e-Library, 2005.

“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s

collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”

ISBN 0-203-98665-2 Master e-book ISBN

List ofcontributors xi

Acknowledgments xiii

Editors’ Introduction 1

TATSUYA SAKAMOTO AND HIDEO TANAKA

1 Andrew Fletcher’s criticism of commercial civilization 8

and his plan for European federal union

SHIGEMI MURAMATSU

2 Policy debate on economic development in Scotland: 22

the 1720s to the 1730s

GENTARO SEKI

3 Morality, polity and economy in Francis Hutcheson 39

TOSHIAKI OGOSE

4 Robert Wallace and the Irish and Scottish Enlightenment 55

YOSHIO NAGAI

5 The ancient–modern controversy in the Scottish 69

Enlightenment

YASUO AMOH

6 Hume’s political economy as a system of manners 86

TATSUYA SAKAMOTO

Contents

7 The ‘Scottish Triangle’ in the shaping of political economy: 103

David Hume, Sir James Steuart, and Adam Smith

IKUO OMORI

8 Adam Smith’s politics of taxation: reconsideration of the 119

image of ‘Civilized Society’ in the Wealth ofNations

KEIICHI WATANABE

9 The main themes and structure of Moral Philosophy 134

and the formation of Political Economy in Adam Smith

SHOJI TANAKA

10 Civilization and history in Lord Kames and 150

William Robertson

KIMIHIRO KOYANAGI

11 Liberty and Equality: Liberal Democratic Ideas 163

in John Millar

HIDEO TANAKA

12 Dugald Stewart at the final stage of the Scottish 179

Enlightenment: natural jurisprudence, political economy

and the science of politics

HISASHI SHINOHARA

13 Adam Smith in Japan 194

HIROSHI MIZUTA

Index 209

x Contents

Yasuo Amoh is Professor of the History of Social Thought at Kochi University,

Japan. He has published Ferguson and the Scottish Enlightenment (in Japanese, Tokyo,

1993), and has edited, with an introduction, Adam Ferguson: Collection ofEssays

(Kyoto, 1996).

Kimihiro Koyanagi is Professor of the History of Economics at Kita-kyushu

University, Japan. His books include History and Theory in the System ofthe Wealth of

Nations (in Japanese, Kyoto, 1981), Studies in the Scottish Enlightenment in an Economic

Perspective (in Japanese, Fukuoka, 1999) and, as editor, Civil Society: Thought and

Movement (in Japanese, Kyoto, 1985).

Hiroshi Mizuta is Emeritus Professor of Nagoya University, Japan and a member

of the Japan Academy. Apart from a number of books, and learned and popular

articles both in Japanese and in English concerning modern European intellectual

history, socialism, and contemporary political issues, his numerous publications on

Adam Smith and the Scottish Enlightenment include Adam Smith’s Library: A

Supplement to Bonar’s Catalogue with a Checklist ofthe Whole Library (Cambridge, 1967;

revised edition, Oxford, 2000), Studies on Adam Smith (in Japanese, Tokyo,1968),

Adam Smith: International Perspectives (ed.) (London, 1993), Adam Smith: Critical

Responses (ed.) (London, 2000). He is also a Japanese translator of Smith’s Theory of

Moral Sentiments and Wealth ofNations. In 2001 he was awarded the Lifetime

Achievement Award by the Eighteenth-Century Scottish Studies Society.

Shigemi Muramatsu is Professor of the History of Economic Thought at

Kumamoto Gakuen University, Japan. His publications include many learned

articles on the intellectual history of the Union Debate.

Yoshio Nagai is Emeritus Professor of Nagoya University, Japan. His books include

Studies in British Radicalism (in Japanese, Tokyo, 1962), Essays on Robert Owen (in

Japanese, Kyoto, 1974), Bentham (in Japanese, Tokyo, 1982), Robert Owen and

Modern Socialist Thought (in Japanese, Kyoto, 1993), Studies in Modern British Social

Thought (in Japanese, Tokyo, 1996), and In Search ofLiberty and Harmony: Social and

Economic Thought in the Age ofBentham (in Japanese, Kyoto, 2000). He has been an

Vice President of the International Society for Utilitarian Studies.

Contributors

On behalf of all the contributors to this volume we warmly thank the Japanese

Society for the History of Economic Thought, and its President Hiroshi

Takemoto, for the moral and financial support that enabled the project to

publish a book on the economic thought of eighteenth-century Scotland to

become a reality. We also appreciate useful advice and encouragement from

Professor Yuichi Shionoya at the outset of the publishing project.

Tatsuya Sakamoto and Hideo Tanaka

July, 2002

Acknowledgments