Tài liệu THE GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY VALUE CHAIN: What Prospects for Upgrading by Developing

THE GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

VALUE CHAIN:

What Prospects for Upgrading

by Developing Countries

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION

economy environment employment

sectoral studies series

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION

Vienna, 2003

THE GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

VALUE CHAIN:

What Prospects for Upgrading

by Developing Countries

John Humphrey

Institute of Development Studies

Brighton, UK

and

Olga Memedovic

UNIDO, Strategic Research and Economics Branch

sectoral studies series

This paper has not been formally edited. The views expressed therein, the

designations employed as well as the presentation of material in this publication do

not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of

the United Nations Industrial Development Organization concerning the legal status

of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the

delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Designations such as “industrialized”, “developed” and “developing” countries are

intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about

the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention

of firm names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by UNIDO.

Material in this paper may be freely quoted but acknowledgement is requested,

together with a copy of the publication containing the quotation or reprint.

ii

Acknowledgement

This publication has been prepared by John Humphrey, Institute of

Development Studies, Brighton, UK, and Olga Memedovic, UNIDO staff

member from the Strategic Research and Economics Branch. Frédéric

Richard, Director of the Strategic Research and Economics Branch, provided

overall guidance. UNIDO intern Arjan Stavast provided assistance.

Penelope Plowden and Georgina Wilde were the principal English language

editors of the publication. Penny Butler was the copyeditor.

iii

Contents

Acknowledgement iii

Abstract vii

Introduction 1

Mapping the global auto industry 2

The restructuring of value chains in the global auto industry 19

Strategies for developing countries’ auto industries 29

Competence formation for competitiveness in the global auto industry 43

Conclusion 45

References 46

Tables

Table 1 Unit sales and production of motor vehicles by country and region,

1990 and 1997 3

Table 2 Forecasts and outcomes of growth in vehicle sales in selected emerging

market regions, 1996-1998 4

Table 3 Recovery and stagnation of vehicle sales in selected emerging markets,

1996/1997-2001 5

Table 4 Vehicle production by company, 2001 6

Table 5 Main-light vehicle assembly plant investment in emerging markets

by Triad automakers, early 1990s 7

Table 6 Main light-vehicle assembly plant investment in emerging markets

by Triad automakers, late 1990s 7

Table 7 New companies and factories for light-vehicle production, Brazil, 1996-2001 8

Table 8 New ventures in the Indian car industry, late 1990s 9

Table 9 Production and sales of light vehicles in home region by company, 1997 10

Table 10 Automotive trade between Argentina and Brazil, 1990 and 1996 14

v