Tài liệu THE EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE pdf

THE

EVIDENCE-BASED

PRACTICE

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THE

EVIDENCE-BASED

PRACTICE

Methods, Models, and Tools for

Mental Health Professionals

Edited by Chris E. Stout and Randy A. Hayes

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

Published simultaneously in Canada.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

The evidence-based practice : Methods, models, and tools for mental health professionals / edited by

Chris E. Stout and Randy A. Hayes

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN 0-471-46747-2 (cloth: alk. paper)

1. Evidence-based medicine. I. Stout, Chris E. II. Hayes, Randy A.

R723.7.E963 2004

616—dc22

2004047811

Printed in the United States of America.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

➇

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To those who are able to navigate between the worlds of science, practice,

and humanity, wanting to make a difference and willing to do so; and to

the consumers who will ultimately benefit in an improved quality of life.

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vii

Contents

Foreword by Mary Cesare-Murphy, PhD, JCAHO ix

Acknowledgments xi

Authors’ Bios xiii

01 Introduction to Evidence-Based Practices 1

Randy A. Hayes

02 Evidence-Based Practices in Supported Employment 10

Lisa A. Razzano and Judith A. Cook

03 Assertive Community Treatment 31

Susan J. Boust, Melody C. Kuhns, and Lynette Studer

04 Evidence-Based Family Services for Adults with Severe

Mental Illness 56

Thomas C. Jewell, William R. McFarlane, Lisa Dixon, and

David J. Miklowitz

05 Evidence-Based Psychopharmacotherapy: Medication

Guidelines and Algorithms 85

Sy Atezaz Saeed

06 Psychosocial Rehabilitation 109

James H. Zahniser

07 Evidence-Based Practices for People with Serious Mental

Illness and Substance Abuse Disorders 153

Patrick W. Corrigan, Stanley G. McCracken, and Cathy McNeilly

08 Evidence-Based Treatments for Children and Adolescents 177

John S. Lyons and Purva H. Rawal

09 Recovery from Severe Mental Illnesses and Evidence-Based

Practice Research 199

E. Sally Rogers, Marianne Farkas, and William A. Anthony

10 Evidence-Based Psychosocial Practices: Past, Present,

and Future 220

Timothy J. Bruce and William C. Sanderson

11 Controversies and Caveats 244

Chris E. Stout

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viii Contents

12 Evaluating Readiness to Implement

Evidence-Based Practice 255

Randy A. Hayes

13 How to Start with Your Agency, Practice, or Facility 280

Randy A. Hayes

14 Build Your Own Best Practice Protocols 306

Randy A. Hayes

Appendix: Resources and Sample Treatment Plans 333

Author Index 341

Subject Index 355

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ix

Foreword

It is with great pleasure and professional pride that I accepted Randy Hayes’s invita￾tion to write this foreword. The implementation and successful use of evidence-based

treatments, described in the following chapters, will assist both care providers and

consumers in achieving a more satisfying quality of life. For consumers, this is data ev￾ident. For providers, nothing succeeds like success, and the satisfaction generated by

concrete evidence that your work has helped others is the professional’s ultimate level

of satisfaction. This is, after all, basic to the mission of all behavioral healthcare treat￾ment providers.

The Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations has long

been a proponent of evidence-based treatment within healthcare settings. As an ac￾knowledgment and celebration of Joint Commission accredited organizations that

achieve a high level of evidence collection and use, the Joint Commission on the Ac￾creditation of Healthcare Organizations established the Ernst A. Codman Award. This

award, initiated in 1997, is presented to organizations and individuals for the use of

process and outcomes measures to improve organization performance and quality of

care and services as a model for others.

Both the volume editor and the subjects addressed in this volume are linked to the

Codman Award by experience and focus. The first Codman Award given in the behav￾ioral health field recognized the value of data use in community-based settings. The

Center for Behavioral Health in Bloomington, Indiana, received the first Codman

Award in behavioral healthcare for their project entitled “Transporting Evidence￾Based Treatments into Behavioral Health Care Settings.” Attending the 1999 cere￾mony when the Center for Behavioral Health received the Codman Award was Randy

Hayes, one of the co-editors of this volume. Randy took back to his organization, Sin￾nissippi Centers, his excitement regarding this concept. Within 1 year, Sinnissippi

Centers had submitted one of their evidence-based programs for consideration, and in

another 2 years, in 2002, Sinnissippi was the recipient of the Codman Award. The proto￾cols and suggestions for implementing evidence-based treatments within a community￾based setting are thus based on his experience in the real word of community agencies

and practices.

Indeed, the experience of all of the winners of the Codman Award, as well as the

applicants for the award is either in applying evidence-based treatments or collecting

evidence on their own treatment protocols to determine their effectiveness. These

agencies, as well as other treatment providers who are involved in similar endeavors,

are the living proof that evidence-based treatment protocols and methodologies, such

as those found within this book, can be applied within community settings. Their ex￾perience is that evidence-based practices can not only be applied within community

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x Foreword

settings, these practices can make significant improvements in the lives of the con￾sumers who receive the evidence-based services.

I thus commend this work to you with the hope that it can inspire you and guide your

practice, program, agency, leadership, and board in their approach to care and services

and location of resources.

MARY CESARE-MURPHY, PHD

Executive Director, Behavioral Health

Joint Commission on the Accreditation

of Healthcare Organizations

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xi

Acknowledgments

No book is ever the result of one person, and this effort is certainly a fine example. I

would first like to thank my co-author and co-editor, Randy Hayes. His work as well as

his many e-mail consultations were critical to the production and quality of this volume

(as well as helping me keep perspective in spite of the stresses and strains associated

with a project such as this). Similarly, Tracey Belmont and Peggy Alexander have been

critically helpful from the very start when I first approached John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

about executing this book.

I very much feel like I have been, metaphorically speaking, “standing on the shoul￾ders of giants” in regard to the caliber of the contributing authors and the quality of

their work herein. I wish to personally thank the contributing authors for their scholar￾ship, their work, and for their commitment to others and to the field.

And of course, behind the scenes there are an outstanding cadre of colleagues who

have guided me in the realm of evidence-based practice issues, including Leigh Steiner,

Daniel Luchins, Pat Hanrahan, Christopher Fichtner, Peter Nierman, Richard Barton,

and Charlotte Kauffman.

Paramount to my ability to function, and ironically, the first to sacrifice time in

order for me to work during vacation, evenings, weekends, and early morning hours that

this book necessitated, are my family, Karen, Grayson, and Annika—without whom I

would not be able to function. My thanks to you all.

CHRIS E. STOUT

Kildeer, Illinois

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xiii

Authors’ Bios

William A. Anthony, PhD, is the director of Boston University’s Center for Psychi￾atric Rehabilitation, and a professor in Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation

Sciences at Boston University. For the past 35 years, Anthony has worked in various

roles in the field of psychiatric rehabilitation, and has been honored for his perfor￾mance as a researcher, an educator, and a clinician. He is currently co-editor of the

Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal. In 1988, Anthony received the Distinguished Ser￾vices Award from NAMI. Anthony has appeared on ABC’s Nightline, which featured a

rehabilitation program developed and implemented by Boston University’s Center for

Psychiatric Rehabilitation. In 1992, Anthony received the Distinguished Service

Award from the president of the United States.

Anthony has authored over 100 articles in professional journals, 14 textbooks, and

several dozen book chapters—the majority of these publications on the topic of psy￾chiatric rehabilitation.

Susan J. Boust, MD, is a psychiatrist on an ACT team in Omaha, Nebraska. She is also

the director of Public and Community Psychiatry for the University of Nebraska Med￾ical Center Department of Psychiatry. She has worked as the Mental Health Clinical

Leader with the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services. Boust has also

consulted with the state of Florida in their statewide implementation of Assertive

Community Treatment.

Timothy J. Bruce, PhD, is associate professor of clinical psychology in the Depart￾ment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine at the University of Illinois College of

Medicine–Peoria, where he is also co-director of the Anxiety and Mood Disorders

Clinic and director of Medical Student Education. A summa cum laude graduate of In￾diana State University, he received his PhD in Clinical Psychology from the State Uni￾versity of New York at Albany and did his residency at Wilford Hall Medical Center,

San Antonio, Texas. Bruce is a consultant to public and private mental health agencies

on issues such as patient assessment and treatment, clinical training and supervision,

and outcome management systems. He has been the principal or co-principle investiga￾tor on grants aimed at improving mental healthcare and service delivery systems.

Bruce has authored several professional publications including professional journal ar￾ticles, books, chapters, and professional educational materials in psychology and psy￾chiatry. He has been cited frequently as an outstanding educator, having won more

than a dozen awards for teaching excellence.

Judith A. Cook, PhD, is professor of psychiatry at the University of Illinois at Chicago

(UIC), Department of Psychiatry. She received her PhD in sociology from the Ohio

State University and completed a National Institute of Mental Health postdoctoral

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xiv Authors’ Bios

training program in clinical research at the University of Chicago. Currently she di￾rects the Mental Health Services Research Program (MHSRP) which houses several

federally funded centers, two of which focus on employment and vocational rehabilita￾tion services research. The UIC Coordinating Center for the Employment Intervention

Demonstration Program is a federally funded (by the Center for Mental Health Services￾CMHS) multisite study of vocational rehabilitation service interventions for persons

with major mental disorders in eight states around the country. The UIC National Re￾search and Training Center on Psychiatric Disability is funded (by CMHS and the U.S.

Department of Education) for 5 years to conduct a series of research and training proj￾ects addressing self-determination in the areas of psychiatric disability, employment,

and rehabilitation. Her published research includes studies of vocational rehabilitation

outcomes, employer attitudes toward workers with psychiatric disabilities, multivariate

statistical approaches to studying employment among mental health consumers, the

role of work in recovery from serious mental illness, policy issues in disability income

support programs, and postsecondary training and educational services for persons

with mental illness. Cook is an expert consultant on employment and income supports

for the president’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health. She also consults with

a variety of federal agencies.

Patrick W. Corrigan, PsyD, is professor of psychiatry at the University of Chicago

where he directs the Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation—a research and training

program dedicated to the needs of people with serious mental illness and their fami￾lies. Corrigan has been principal investigator of federally funded studies on rehabilita￾tion, team leadership, and consumer operated services. Two years ago, Corrigan

became principal investigator of the Chicago Consortium for Stigma Research

(CCSR), the only NIMH-funded research center examining the stigma of mental ill￾ness. CCSR comprises more than two dozen basic behavioral and mental health ser￾vices researchers from 9 Chicago area universities and currently has more than 20

active investigations in this area. Corrigan has published more than 150 papers and

seven books including Don’t Call Me Nuts! Coping with the Stigma of Mental Illness,

co-authored with Bob Lundin.

Lisa Dixon, MD, is a professor of psychiatry at the University of Maryland School of

Medicine. She serves as director of the Division of Services Research in the School’s

Department of Psychiatry. Dixon is also the associate director for research of the VA

Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) in VISN 5, the

Capitol Health Care Network. Dixon is a graduate of Harvard College and the Cornell

University Medical School. She completed her psychiatric residency at the Payne Whit￾ney Clinic/New York Hospital, a research fellowship at the Maryland Psychiatric Re￾search Center, and a master’s degree at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health.

Dixon is an active researcher with grants from the NIMH, NIDA, and the VA as well as

numerous foundations. Her research activities have focused on improving the health

outcomes of persons with severe mental illnesses and their families. She has published

over 80 refereed papers and numerous book chapters. She was previously director of

education and residency training in the Department of Psychiatry as well as ethical issues

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