Tài liệu The Complete Guide to the TOEFL IBT part 3 ppt

Sometimes the images weren’t so . . . so obvious. For exam￾ple, there were signs that pictured an American Indian, a

Turkish sultan, a, let’s see, an exotic Cuban lady, and a race￾track gambler. All of these images symbolized the same

kind of shop . . . tobacco shops. At the time, people

instantly recognized these symbols. Maybe they couldn’t

read, but they had what’s called visual literacy. Visual liter￾acy. These symbols were as meaningful to them . . . well,

just like today, we know we can get hamburgers and French

fries when we see golden arches . . . it was the same sort of

thing.

Sometimes signs contained political messages. There

was an inn in Philadelphia called King’s Inn, and its sign

showed a picture of King George III on a horse. Well, this

was just before the Revolutionary War and George III wasn’t

too popular with the colonists . . . they weren’t real fond of

him. So, the king is pictured on this sign as a clumsy fool

practically falling off his horse.

Oh, another thing to keep in mind: back in Colonial

times, many streets didn’t have names, and most buildings

didn’t have numbers . . . street addresses. Trade signs

served as landmarks. People would say, “Meet me by the

sign of the Lion and the Eagle,” or “by the sign of the

Dancing Bear” . . .

If you go to the exhibit and you look at the trade signs,

you’ll notice that there are almost no plaques that tell you

who painted the signs. There are maybe three, four signed

pieces in the show—the sign-painter William Rice of

Hartford, Connecticut was one of the few who signed his

work. A few of the signs in the exhibit were done by fairly

well-known portrait artists . . . Horace Bundy, Rufus

Hathaway, who made signs for extra money. Their styles are

distinctive, and the signs they made can be easily identi￾fied. But most of the sign painters . . . they were mostly

itinerant artists, traveling from town to town on horseback,

painting a few signs in each town . . . anyway, their names

have been long forgotten.

Well, I want to get back to our discussion of Renaissance

art, but I do hope all of you get a chance to see the exhibit

at the Hotchkiss . . . it will be there another six weeks.

Narrator: Now get ready to answer the questions. You may

use your notes to help you.

Narrator: Question 9: How does the professor introduce his

discussion of folk art?

Narrator: Question 10: Why does the professor mention

wooden carousel horses?

Narrator: Question 11: How does the professor explain the

concept of “visual literacy”?

Narrator: Question 12: Why does the professor mention the

sign for the King’s Inn?

Narrator: Question 13: Why does the professor mention the

sign painter William Rice?

[CD 4 Track 3]

Lesson 12: Replay Questions

Narrator: Listen to the following short conversations. Pay

special attention to the way the phrase “I’m sorry” is used.

Conversation Number 1

Professor: You know, Donald, that’s the, uh, the second

or third time you’ve turned in an assignment after the

due date.

Student: I know, Professor Dorn, and I’m sorry, I really am. I

won’t . . . I’ll try not to let it happen again.

Conversation Number 2

Professor: Next, I want to talk about a process that’s impor￾tant, that’s of central importance to all living things . . . to

all living things that breathe oxygen, anyway. That’s the

Krebs cycle.

Student: I’m sorry, Professor, the what cycle?

Conversation Number 3

Student A: Hey, Laura, you wanna go skiing up at Snowbury

this weekend with my roommate and me?

Student B: I’m sorry, I wish I could, but I’ve gotta hit the

books this weekend. I have a big test in my calculus class

on Monday.

Conversation Number 4

Employee: University Recreation Center, Jill speaking.

Student: Yeah, hi, I’m calling to reserve a tennis court on

Friday morning at 6:30 A.M.

Employee: At 6:30 in the morning? I’m sorry, but we don’t

even open until 7:30.

[CD 4 Track 4]

Sample Item

Narrator: Why does the speaker say this:

Professor: This sub-zone—well, if you like variety, you’re

not going to feel happy here. You can travel for miles and

see only half a dozen species of trees. In a few days, we’ll be

talking about the tropical rain forest; now that’s where

you’ll see variety.

[CD 4 Track 5]

Exercise 12.1

Narrator: Number 1

Student A: Oh, that statistics course I’m taking is just loads

of fun!

Student B: Didn’t I tell you it would be?

Narrator: Number 2

Student A: So did you and your lab partner get together and

write up your experiment?

Student B: No, and wait till you hear his latest excuse. You’re

going to love it!

Narrator: Number 3

Student A: Does Professor White ever change his grades?

Student B: Oh, sure, about once a century!

Narrator: Number 4

Student A: Did you know Greg has changed his major?

Student B: Oh, no, not again.

Narrator: Number 5

Student A: So, you’re moving out of your apartment?

Student B: Yeah, I got a place closer to campus. I just hope

the landlady here gives me all of my security deposit back.

Student A: Well, you’d better leave the place spic-and-span.

Narrator: Number 6

Student A: Doctor Stansfield, I’ve decided to drop my physi￾ology class. It just meets too early in the morning for me.

Professor: Do you really think that’s a good reason, Mark?

26 Section 2 Guide to Listening

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