Tài liệu Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring pdf

Statistical Methods

for Environmental

Pollution Monitoring

Richard 0. Gilbert

Pacific Northwest Laboratory

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Bibliogsphy: p.

Includcr index.

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Contents

1.1 Types and Objectives of Envimnmental Pollution Studies I I

1.2 Statistical Design and Analysis Pmblems 1 2

1.3 Overview of the Design and Analysis Pmeess 1 3

1.4 Summary 1 4

2 Sampling Environmental Populations 1 5

2. L Sampling in Space and Time 1 5

2.2 Target and Sampled Populations 1 7

2.3 Representative Units / 9

2.4 Choosing a Sam~line . - Plan I In~.

2.5 variability and Enor in Envimnmental Studies 1 LO

2.6 Case Study 1 13

2.7 Summary 1 15

3 Environmental Sampling Design 1 17

3.1 lntmduction 1 17

3.2 Criteria for Chmsiag a Sampling Plan 1 17

3.3 Methods for Selecting Sampling LoCaliations and Times 1 19

3.4 Summary 1 24

4 Simple Random Sampling 1 26

4.1 Basic Comeper 1 26

4.2 Eslimating tbe Mean and Total Amount 1 27

4.3 Effect of Measurement Emn / 30

4.4 Number of Measurements: Independent Data 1 30

4.5 Number of Mcasu~ments: Conelated Data / 35

4.6 Estimating VarO 1 42

4.7 Summary 143

5 Stratifled Random Sampling 1 45

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