Tài liệu Rapid Rural Appraisal, Participatory Rural Appraisal And Aquaculture - By Philip Townsley

Laetitia Rispel, Cesar da Sousa & Boitumelo Molomo

Rapid appraisal of

social inclusion policies

in selected sub-Saharan

African countries

Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za

This work was made possible through funding provided by the World Health

Organization (WHO) via Lancaster University. It was undertaken as work for the SEKN

established as part of the WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health

(CSDH). The views presented in this report are those of the authors and do not

necessarily represent the decisions, policy or views of WHO or CSDH Commissioners.

Published by HSRC Press

Private Bag X9182, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa

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First published 2008

ISBN 978-0-7969-2225-0

© 2008 Human Sciences Research Council

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List of tables and figures iv

Acknowledgements v

Acronyms and abbreviations vi

Executive summary viii

Chapter 1 Social exclusion 1

Background 1

Social exclusion discourse 2

Social exclusion literature: sub-Saharan Africa 5

Conclusion 9

Chapter 2 Sub-Saharan Africa 11

Region of diversity and contrast 11

The sub-Saharan development landscape 11

Chapter 3 Policy appraisals: southern Africa 15

Botswana 15

Mozambique 18

South Africa 24

Zimbabwe 32

Chapter 4 Policy appraisals: East and West Africa 35

Ethiopia 35

Nigeria 38

Chapter 5 Policy summaries and recommendations 41

Review of policies appraised 41

Recommendations 44

References 45

CONTENTS

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iv

Tables

Table 1.1: Conceptual map of the social exclusion literature in

sub-Saharan Africa, 1994 6

Table 2.1: Indicators for selected countries in sub-Saharan Africa, 2006 12

Table 2.2: Policies and actions selected for appraisal 13

Table 3.1: Outputs, outcomes and impact of the Diphalana pilot project 17

Table 3.2: INAS’ values, target groups and eligibility criteria 20

Table 3.3: Benefits of the cash transfer programme and challenges experienced 21

Table 3.4: Poverty and social impact analysis of school fees 22

Table 3.5: Key recommendations and progress resulting from the poverty

and social impact analysis of school fees 23

Table 3.6: Types of child support grants and eligibility criteria 27

Table 3.7: Bana Pele principles 30

Table 4.1: Key recommendations 12–18 months post-PSNP implementation,

Ethiopia 37

Table 5.1: Summary of policies appraised 42

Figures

Figure 1: African countries included in the appraisal of social inclusion policies xiv

Figure 3.1: Bana Pele referral form 31

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

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v

The policy appraisal was funded by the World Health Organization (WHO) via Lancaster

University. Nico Jacobs is thanked for his excellent administrative and logistical support

and assistance, and for his willingness to go beyond the call of duty to resolve the

inevitable crises. We also wish to acknowledge the support of Professor Jennie Popay,

the overall Social Exclusion Knowledge Network (SEKN) coordinator and Professor

Adetukumbo Lucas for pointing us to some of the literature on health inequalities.

We have benefited from the interaction with other colleagues in the SEKN and the key

informants interviewed as part of the South African case study. Marijke Van Vuuren is

thanked for editorial assistance.

We are grateful to the South African Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) for giving

home to the sub-regional hub.

Lastly, we thank Mary Ralphs and her production team at the HSRC Press.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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vi

AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

ANC African National Congress

AU African Union

BEAM Basic Education Assistance Programme (Zimbabwe)

CAP Capacity Acquisition Programme (Nigeria)

CBO community-based organisation

CCT conditional cash transfer

CEDC children in especially difficult circumstances

CJSS Community Junior Secondary School

CODESRIA Council for the Development of Education and Social Research in Africa

CSDH Commission on Social Determinants of Health

CSG Child Support Grant

CSO civil society organisation

DfID Department for International Development (United Kingdom)

DOH Department of Health

DSD Department of Social Development

DS direct support

DSS direct support services

EDMS essential drugs and medical supplies

EFA Education for All (Botswana)

EP1 EnsinoPrimário do Primeiro Grau (Grades 1 through 5, Mozambique)

EP2 EnsinoPrimário do Primeiro Grau (Grades 6 through 7, Mozambique)

ESPP Enhanced Social Protection Project

EU European Union

FCT Federal Capital Territory

FSP Food Security Programme

GAPVU Gabinete de Apoio a População Vulnerável (Mozambique)

GDP gross domestic product

GNP gross national product

GPG Gauteng Provincial Government (South Africa)

HDI Human Development Index

HDR Human Development Report

HIV Human Immuno-deficiency Virus

HSRC Human Sciences Research Council (South Africa)

HST Health Systems Trust

ID identity document

IILS International Institute for Labour Studies

ILO International Labour Organisation

IMF International Monetary Fund

INAS Instituto Nacional de Acção Social (Mozambique)

INE Instituto Nacional de Estatistica (Mozambique)

IPC International Poverty Centre

IRIF Inter-Regional Inequality Facility

KN knowledge network

KRA key responsibility area

LEDCs less economically developed countries

MDG(s) Millennium Development Goals

MMCAS Ministry of the Coordination of Social Action, including Women Affairs

(Mozambique)

MoARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Ethiopia)

MoE Ministry of Education

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

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