Tài liệu Pro WCF 4: Practical Microsoft SOA Implementation doc

Pro WCF 4

Practical Microsoft SOA Implementation

SECOND EDITION

■ ■ ■

Nishith Pathak

Pro WCF 4: Practical Microsoft SOA Implementation, Second Edition

Copyright © 2011 by Nishith Pathak

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v

Contents

Contents at a Glance ................................................................................................. iv

About the Author ..................................................................................................... xiv

About the Technical Reviewer .................................................................................. xv

Acknowledgments ................................................................................................... xvi

Introduction ............................................................................................................ xviI

Part I: Introducing Windows Communication Foundation .......................................... 1

■Chapter 1: WCF and SOA Basics .............................................................................. 3

Understanding SOA ............................................................................................................ 3

What Is a Service? ............................................................................................................. 5

Tenet 1: Boundaries Are Explicit ............................................................................................................... 6

Tenet 2: Services Are Autonomous ........................................................................................................... 6

Tenet 3: Services Share the Schema and Contract, Not the Class ........................................................... 7

Tenet 4: Service Compatibility Is Based on Policy .................................................................................... 7

A Brief History of the Microsoft Distributed Stack ............................................................. 8

Why Are Web Services the Preferred Option? .................................................................. 10

What Does WCF Solve? .................................................................................................... 11

Unification of Existing Technologies ................................................................................ 12

Interoperability Across Platforms ..................................................................................... 13

WCF As a Service-Oriented Development Tool ................................................................ 15

Exploring Features in WCF ............................................................................................... 18

Developer Productivity ..................................................................................................... 18

Attribute-Based Development .......................................................................................... 18

■ CONTENTS

vi

Coexisting with Existing Technology ................................................................................ 19

Hosting Services .............................................................................................................. 19

Migration/Integration with Existing Technology ............................................................... 20

One Service, Multiple Endpoints ...................................................................................... 21

Integration Technologies .................................................................................................. 22

How Do You Unify All These Technologies? ..................................................................... 22

Summary .......................................................................................................................... 24

■Chapter 2: What’s New in WCF 4 ........................................................................... 25

Introducing the ABCs of WCF ........................................................................................... 25

Standard Endpoints .......................................................................................................... 27

Simplified Configuration ................................................................................................... 31

Default Endpoints ............................................................................................................. 32

Default Bindings ............................................................................................................... 34

Default Behavior ............................................................................................................... 36

Fileless Activation ............................................................................................................ 37

Service Discovery ............................................................................................................. 37

Support of Visual Studio ................................................................................................... 41

Routing Service ................................................................................................................ 42

Improved REST Support ................................................................................................... 48

Workflow Services ........................................................................................................... 51

Summary .......................................................................................................................... 53

■Chapter 3: Exploring the WCF Programming Model .............................................. 55

Introducing the Technical Architecture ............................................................................ 56

Introducing the Programming Approach .......................................................................... 56

WCF Programming Model ................................................................................................ 57

Addresses ............................................................................................................................................... 58

Bindings .................................................................................................................................................. 60

Contracts ................................................................................................................................................. 62

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vii

Looking Inside the WCF Layers ........................................................................................ 69

The Messaging Layer .............................................................................................................................. 70

Using ServiceHost and ChannelFactory ........................................................................... 72

ServiceHost ............................................................................................................................................. 72

ChannelFactory ....................................................................................................................................... 79

Service Description ................................................................................................................................. 84

Service Runtime ...................................................................................................................................... 84

Applying Behaviors .......................................................................................................... 85

Service Behavior ..................................................................................................................................... 86

Contract Behavior ................................................................................................................................... 88

Channel Behavior .................................................................................................................................... 89

Operation Behavior ................................................................................................................................. 89

Service Metadata Behavior ..................................................................................................................... 89

Using the Configuration Tool ............................................................................................ 91

Configuring Diagnostics ................................................................................................... 92

Configuring Instrumentation ............................................................................................ 96

Summary .......................................................................................................................... 98

Part II: Programming with WCF ................................................................................ 99

■Chapter 4: Installing and Creating WCF Services ................................................ 101

Understanding the Requirements .................................................................................. 101

Hardware Requirements ....................................................................................................................... 101

Software Requirements ........................................................................................................................ 102

Installing the .NET 4.0 Development Components ......................................................... 103

Understanding Service Contracts ................................................................................... 105

Contract First or Code First? ................................................................................................................. 106

Service Design ...................................................................................................................................... 107

Programming Model .............................................................................................................................. 108

Hello World ............................................................................................................................................ 108

Hello World with Interfaces ................................................................................................................... 110

■ CONTENTS

viii

Hosting on IIS ........................................................................................................................................ 117

ServiceContract Attribute ...................................................................................................................... 120

OperationContract Attribute .................................................................................................................. 125

ServiceBehavior Attribute ..................................................................................................................... 128

OperationBehavior Attribute .................................................................................................................. 128

Understanding Data Contracts ....................................................................................... 129

XML Serialization .................................................................................................................................. 129

Data Contracts ...................................................................................................................................... 136

Message Contracts ............................................................................................................................... 138

Summary ........................................................................................................................ 144

■Chapter 5: Hosting and Consuming WCF Services .............................................. 145

Hosting Environment Features ....................................................................................... 147

Hosting Environment Requirements .............................................................................. 148

Self-Hosting Your Service .............................................................................................. 149

Hosting in Windows Services ......................................................................................... 150

Hosting Using IIS ............................................................................................................ 158

Core IIS Features ................................................................................................................................... 159

Hosting WCF Services in IIS .................................................................................................................. 160

Configuring WCF Services in IIS ............................................................................................................ 161

Accessing ServiceHost in IIS ................................................................................................................. 163

Recycling .............................................................................................................................................. 164

ASP.NET Compatibility Mode ................................................................................................................ 165

Windows XP and IIS 5.1 ........................................................................................................................ 167

Windows Server 2003 and IIS 6.0 ......................................................................................................... 168

Hosting in IIS 7.0 ................................................................................................................................... 169

WAS ....................................................................................................................................................... 171

Hosting WCF Services in Windows Azure ...................................................................... 173

Hosting Options ..................................................................................................................................... 181

Consuming WCF Services .............................................................................................. 182

Service Proxies ..................................................................................................................................... 182

■ CONTENTS

ix

Summary ........................................................................................................................ 183

■Chapter 6: Managing WCF Services .................................................................... 185

Exploring the Business Drivers ...................................................................................... 186

Building Custom Code to Monitor Activity ...................................................................... 187

Using Configuration Files ............................................................................................... 194

Configuration Editor: SvcConfigEditor.exe ............................................................................................ 194

Using Tracing and Message-Logging Capabilities ......................................................... 195

Message Logging .................................................................................................................................. 195

Enabling Message Logging ................................................................................................................... 196

Enabling Tracing ................................................................................................................................... 199

Using SvcTraceViewer.exe .................................................................................................................... 199

Using WCF Performance Counters ................................................................................. 200

Enabling Built-In WCF Performance Counters ....................................................................................... 201

Creating Custom Performance Counters ............................................................................................... 205

Using WMI ...................................................................................................................... 212

Summary ........................................................................................................................ 215

Part III: Advanced Topics in WCF ........................................................................... 217

■Chapter 7: Implementing WCF Security .............................................................. 219

Business Drivers ............................................................................................................ 220

Introducing the WCF Security Features .......................................................................... 220

Security Features of Bindings ........................................................................................ 221

Protection Levels ............................................................................................................ 222

Credentials and Claims .................................................................................................. 222

Presenting Credentials and Claims to WCF ........................................................................................... 226

Binding Support for Credentials ............................................................................................................ 227

Transport-Level Security ................................................................................................ 228

Message-Level Security ................................................................................................. 231

Mixed-Mode Security ..................................................................................................... 236

■ CONTENTS

x

Federated Security Model in WCF .................................................................................238

Authorization in WCF .....................................................................................................239

Authorization Options for One-Way Communications ............................................................................244

Auditing for Security Features in WCF . .........................................................................245

Windows CardSpace . ....................................................................................................247

How Windows CardSpace Works . .......................................................................................................... 248

Enabling Windows CardSpace in WCF . .................................................................................................. 249

Summary . ...................................................................................................................... 251

■Chapter 8: Implementing Reliable Messaging and

Queue-Based Communications ......................................................... 253

The Need for Reliable Messaging . ................................................................................254

Challenges of Implementing Reliable Messaging . ........................................................254

Communication Issues ............................................................................................................................ 255

Processing Issues ................................................................................................................................... 255

Reliable Sessions ..........................................................................................................256

Enabling WCF Web Services with Reliable Sessions .............................................................................257

The ReliableSessionBindingElement Class . ........................................................................................... 260

Some Pointers on Reliable Messaging . .................................................................................................. 260

Queuing in WCF .............................................................................................................262

Installing MSMQ ...................................................................................................................................... 264

Microsoft Message Queues in Windows Server 2008 ............................................................................266

Transport Channels ................................................................................................................................. 267

Integration Channels ............................................................................................................................... 274

Some Pointers on Using MSMQ . ............................................................................................................ 278

Summary . ...................................................................................................................... 279

■Chapter 9: Using Transactions in WCF ................................................................ 281

What’s a Transaction? ...................................................................................................281

Understanding the Types of Transactions in WCF ......................................................... 284

Defining Transactions in WCF . ......................................................................................286

■ CONTENTS

xi

Using the TransactionFlow Attribute ..................................................................................................... 286

Using the ServiceBehavior and OperationBehavior Attributes .............................................................. 287

Defining Transactions in QuickReturns Ltd. .......................................................................................... 289

Working with Transactions and Queues ........................................................................ 297

Summary ........................................................................................................................ 301

■Chapter 10: Integrating with COM+ .................................................................... 303

Why Integrate with COM+? ............................................................................................ 303

Running a COM+ Application As a WCF Service ............................................................ 304

Visual Basic 6 COM+ Component Sample Setup .................................................................................. 305

COM+ Application WCF Service Wrapper .............................................................................................. 309

.NET Enterprise Services and COM+ Components ................................................................................ 318

Consuming WCF Services from COM+ ........................................................................... 325

QuickReturns Ltd. Quote Service .......................................................................................................... 326

Security Credentials with IChannelCredentials ..................................................................................... 333

Summary ........................................................................................................................ 335

■Chapter 11: Working with Data ........................................................................... 337

Understanding the Data Transfer Architecture .............................................................. 337

Exploring the Serialization Options in WCF .................................................................... 338

Introducing Data Contracts ............................................................................................ 339

Data Contract Names ............................................................................................................................ 341

Data Contract Equivalence .................................................................................................................... 343

Data Contract Versioning ...................................................................................................................... 347

Round-Tripping ..................................................................................................................................... 350

XML Serialization ........................................................................................................... 351

Security ................................................................................................................................................. 353

Introducing Message Contracts ..................................................................................... 353

Fine-Tuning SOAP ................................................................................................................................. 355

Security ................................................................................................................................................. 357

Performance ......................................................................................................................................... 357

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xii

Using the Message Class ............................................................................................... 358

Filtering .......................................................................................................................... 360

Filters .................................................................................................................................................... 360

Filter Tables .......................................................................................................................................... 361

Best Practices for Versioning ......................................................................................... 361

Versioning with Schema Validation ....................................................................................................... 361

Versioning without Schema Validation ................................................................................................. 362

Putting It All Together: Quote Client Sample Application ............................................... 363

Creating the Service .............................................................................................................................. 363

Creating the Client ................................................................................................................................ 366

Summary ........................................................................................................................ 369

■Chapter 12: Developing Peer-to-Peer Applications with WCF ............................. 371

Introducing P2P Computing ........................................................................................... 371

Why Use P2P? ....................................................................................................................................... 372

The Challenges of P2P .......................................................................................................................... 373

P2P Development Life Cycle ................................................................................................................. 374

Windows P2P Networking ..................................................................................................................... 375

How Does a P2P Mesh Work? ............................................................................................................... 378

What Is Peer Channel? .......................................................................................................................... 380

QuickReturnTraderChat Sample ............................................................................................................ 381

P2P Security .......................................................................................................................................... 385

QuickReturnSecureTraderChat Sample ................................................................................................ 387

Working with NetShell ................................................................................................... 390

Listing Clouds ........................................................................................................................................ 391

Cloud Scopes ........................................................................................................................................ 393

Listing Peers in a Cloud ........................................................................................................................ 393

Cloud Statistics ..................................................................................................................................... 394

Working with Peers ............................................................................................................................... 395

SOA with P2P ................................................................................................................. 396

Summary ........................................................................................................................ 398

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xiii

■Chapter 13: Implementing SOA Interoperability ................................................. 399

Achieving Java/J2EE Interoperability ............................................................................. 399

Non-Microsoft SOA Platforms ............................................................................................................... 400

Interoprability with WS-I Basic Profile .................................................................................................. 401

Sending Binary Data Over Web Services .............................................................................................. 404

Using WS-ReliableMessaging ........................................................................................ 414

WS-ReliableMessaging Example .......................................................................................................... 415

Platform Support of WS-ReliableMessaging ......................................................................................... 418

Summary ........................................................................................................................ 418

■Appendix: QuickReturns Ltd. ............................................................................... 419

Market Overview ............................................................................................................ 420

Service and Collaboration .............................................................................................. 420

Asset Manager ...................................................................................................................................... 420

Market Maker ........................................................................................................................................ 421

Exchange .............................................................................................................................................. 421

Depository ............................................................................................................................................. 422

Data Contracts ............................................................................................................... 422

Quote ..................................................................................................................................................... 422

Trade ..................................................................................................................................................... 423

Execution .............................................................................................................................................. 423

Settlement ............................................................................................................................................. 424

Position ................................................................................................................................................. 424

Index: ...................................................................................................................... 425

iv

Contents at a Glance

Contents ..................................................................................................................... v

About the Author ..................................................................................................... xiv

About the Technical Reviewer .................................................................................. xv

Acknowledgments ................................................................................................... xvi

Introduction ............................................................................................................ xvii

Part I: Introducing Windows Communication Foundation .......................................... 1

■Chapter 1: WCF and SOA Basics .............................................................................. 3

■Chapter 2: What’s New in WCF 4 ........................................................................... 25

■Chapter 3: Exploring the WCF Programming Model .............................................. 55

Part II: Programming with WCF ................................................................................ 99

■Chapter 4: Installing and Creating WCF Services ................................................ 101

■Chapter 5: Hosting and Consuming WCF Services .............................................. 145

■Chapter 6: Managing WCF Services .................................................................... 185

Part III: Advanced Topics in WCF ........................................................................... 217

■Chapter 7: Implementing WCF Security .............................................................. 219

■Chapter 8: Implementing Reliable Messaging and

Queue-Based Communications ......................................................... 253

■Chapter 9: Using Transactions in WCF ................................................................ 281

■Chapter 10: Integrating with COM+ .................................................................... 303

■Chapter 11: Working with Data ........................................................................... 337

■Chapter 12: Developing Peer-to-Peer Applications with WCF ............................. 371

■Chapter 13: Implementing SOA Interoperability ................................................. 399

■Appendix: QuickReturns Ltd. ............................................................................... 419

Index ....................................................................................................................... 425

xvii

Introduction

This book is a complete guide to Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) from a service-oriented

architecture (SOA) perspective. With each new version of the .NET Framework, Microsoft has improved

many key areas of WCF. In .NET 4.0, Microsoft has given developers a better experience and enabled

them to become more productive. The book not only provides deep insight into the new WCF

functionality that ships with .NET 4.0—such as service discovery, routing services, and simplified

configuration—but also provides extensive examples to make it easier to put the new concepts into

practice. You'll learn how to move your current offerings to WCF, and how to integrate those

applications with WCF 4.0. This book offers genuine insight into solving real enterprise problems using

WCF and .NET 4.0. This books covers the following:

• The new features of WCF with .NET 4.0

• The WCF programming model

• Implementing WS-Discovery and routing services in WCF

• How queue management and reliable messaging work in WCF

• Implementing transaction support in WCF

• How to make WCF services interoperable with other SOA offerings

• Best practices for using WCF effectively

• Developing WCF applications with Visual Studio 2010

It will also address the business drivers that dictate the need for these WCF features, as well as the

industry best practices for applying them.

Who This Book Is For

The release of .NET 4.0 brought a wide range of new functionality to WCF. Developers and architects

with experience using WCF 3.5 or earlier who want to be able to apply this new functionality to their

applications will benefit greatly from the discussions and code samples in this book. This book is also a

great resource for application developers and architects new to SOA and/or the core concepts of WCF.

An Overview of This Book

This book specifically targets WCF in .NET 4.0. The text that you hold in your hands is a massive retelling

of this book’s first printing to account for all of the major changes that are found in .NET 4.0. Not only

will you find brand-new chapters, you will find that many of the previous chapters have been expanded

in great detail. This book divided into three parts, each of which contains related chapters. The following

■ INTRODUCTION

xviii

sections describe each part. The book also has one appendix, where you’ll find a description of the

sample application used throughout this book.

Part 1: Introducing Windows Communication Foundation

This part of the book explains the business motives and pain points of the various distributed

technologies developed by Microsoft. It explains how you can address these issues using WCF. Once you

understand some of these basic concepts of WCF, including the business and technological factors, you

can appreciate its simplicity and flexibility. Chapter 1 covers the service standards and introduces WCF.

Chapter 2 explains the new features of WCF that ship with .NET 4.0. Chapter 3 discusses the unified

programming model of WCF and how WCF provides the best tools for creating secure, interoperable

web services.

Part 2: Programming with WCF

This part covers the technical features of WCF in detail. You’ll concentrate on the programming aspects

of WCF with the assistance of a fictitious stock market application. Chapter 4 guides you through

installing and creating WCF services. Chapter 5 covers creating services, and the various hosting options

available in WCF services. Chapter 6 discusses how to manage WCF services to obtain the best return on

investment for your application.

Part 3: Advanced Topics in WCF

Real-world SOA applications will have many demanding features to implement. These complex real-world

web service implementations will address security issues (both client and service), reliable messaging,

transactions, COM+ integration, data integration issues, and peer-to-peer communications. In Chapters 7

through 12, you will concentrate on these topics. In addition, you’ll investigate the WCF interoperability

options available to seamlessly communicate with non-Microsoft platforms in Chapter 13.

Prerequisites

To get the most out of this book, you should install WCF and the .NET Framework 4.0. I recommend

using Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 as the development environment to experiment with the code

samples, which you can find in the Source Code section of the Apress web site (www.apress.com).

Obtaining Updates for This Book

As you read through this text, you may find the occasional grammatical or code error (although I sure

hope not). If this is the case my sincere apologies. Being human, I am sure that a glitch or two may be

present, regardless of my best efforts. If this is the case, you can obtain the current errata list from the

Apress web site (located once again on the home page for this book), as well as information on how to

notify me of any errors you might find.

■ INTRODUCTION

xix

Contacting the Author

If you have any questions regarding this book’s source code, are in need of clarification for a given

example, or simply wish to offer your thoughts regarding WCF and .NET 4.0, feel free to drop me a line at

[email protected]. I will do my best to get back to you in a timely fashion; however, like yourself, I

get busy from time to time.

Thanks for buying this text. I hope you enjoy reading it and putting your newfound knowledge to

good use.