Tài liệu Outlines of Greek and Roman Medicine doc

CHAPTER I.

CHAPTER II.

CHAPTER III.

CHAPTER IV.

CHAPTER V.

CHAPTER VI.

CHAPTER VII.

CHAPTER VIII.

CHAPTER IX.

CHAPTER X.

CHAPTER XI.

CHAPTER XII.

CHAPTER XIII.

CHAPTER I.

CHAPTER II.

CHAPTER III.

CHAPTER IV.

CHAPTER V.

CHAPTER VI.

CHAPTER VII.

CHAPTER VIII.

CHAPTER IX.

CHAPTER X.

CHAPTER XI.

CHAPTER XII.

CHAPTER XIII.

1

Outlines of Greek and Roman Medicine, by

James Sands Elliott This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions

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Title: Outlines of Greek and Roman Medicine

Author: James Sands Elliott

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OUTLINES OF GREEK AND ROMAN MEDICINE

[Illustration: From Wellcome's Medical Diary (Copyright) By permission of Burroughs Wellcome & Co.

ASKLEPIOS

The ancient Greek Deity of Healing.]

OUTLINES OF GREEK AND ROMAN MEDICINE

BY

JAMES SANDS ELLIOTT, M.D., Ch.B.(Edin.)

Editor of the "New Zealand Medical Journal," Honorary Surgeon to the Wellington Hospital, New Zealand.

Illustrated

milford house inc. boston

This Milford House edition is an unabridged republication of the edition of 1914.

Published in 1971 by MILFORD HOUSE INC. Boston, Massachusetts

Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number 76-165987 Standard Book Number 0-87821-036-9

Printed in the U.S.A.

TO MY FATHER

Outlines of Greek and Roman Medicine, by 2

PREFACE.

I was stimulated to write these Outlines of Greek and Roman Medicine by a recent sojourn in the

south-eastern part of Europe. The name of the book defines, to some extent, its limitations, for my desire has

been to give merely a general outline of the most important stages in the advancement of the healing art in the

two Empires to which modern civilization is most deeply indebted. There are a few great works on the history

of medicine by continental writers, such, for instance, as those by the German writers, Baas, Sprengel, and

Puschmann, but, generally speaking, the subject has been much neglected.

I cherish the hope that this little work may appeal to doctors, to medical students, and to those of the public

who are interested in a narration of the progress of knowledge, and who realize that the investigation of the

body in health and disease has been one of the most important features of human endeavour.

The medical profession deserves censure for neglect of its own history, and pity 'tis that so many practitioners

know nothing of the story of their art. For this reason many reputed discoveries are only re-discoveries; as

Bacon wrote: "Medicine is a science which hath been, as we have said, more professed than laboured, and yet

more laboured than advanced; the labour having been, in my judgment, rather in circle than in progression.

For I find much iteration, and small progression." Of late years, however, the History of Medicine has been

coming into its kingdom. Universities are establishing courses of lectures on the subject, and the Royal

Society of Medicine recently instituted a historical section.

The material I have used in this book has been gathered from many sources, and, as far as possible, references

have been given, but I have sought for, and taken, information wherever it could best be found. As Montaigne

wrote: "I have here only made a nosegay of culled flowers, and have brought nothing of my own but the

thread that ties them together."

I have to express my indebtedness to my friend, Mr. J. Scott Riddell, M.V.O., M.A., M.B., C.M., Senior

Surgeon, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, for his great kindness in reading the proof-sheets, preparing the index

and seeing this book through the press and so removing one of the difficulties which an author writing

overseas has to encounter; also to my publishers for their courtesy and attention.

JAMES SANDS ELLIOTT.

Wellington, New Zealand.

January 5, 1914.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

Outlines of Greek and Roman Medicine, by 3

CHAPTER I.

EARLY ROMAN MEDICINE. 1

Origin of Healing--Temples--Lectisternium--Temple of Æsculapius--Archagathus--Domestic

Medicine--Greek Doctors--Cloaca Maxima--Aqueducts--State of the early Empire

CHAPTER I. 4

CHAPTER II.

EARLY GREEK MEDICINE. 13

Apollo--Æsculapius--Temples--Serpents--Gods of

Health--Melampus--Homer--Machaon--Podalarius--Temples of Æsculapius--Methods of

Treatment--Gymnasia--Classification of Renouard--Pythagoras--Democedes--Greek Philosophers

CHAPTER II. 5

CHAPTER III.

HIPPOCRATES. 25

His life and works--His influence on Medicine

CHAPTER III. 6

CHAPTER IV.

PLATO, ARISTOTLE, THE SCHOOL OF ALEXANDRIA, AND EMPIRICISM. 39

Plato--Aristotle--Alexandrian School--Its Origin--Its

Influence--Lithotomy--Herophilus--Erasistratus--Cleombrotus--

Chrysippos--Anatomy--Empiricism--Serapion of Alexandria

CHAPTER IV. 7

CHAPTER V.

ROMAN MEDICINE AT THE END OF THE REPUBLIC AND THE BEGINNING OF THE EMPIRE. 51

Asclepiades of Prusa--Themison of Laodicea--Methodism--Wounds of Julius Cæsar--Systems of

Philosophy--State of the country--Roman quacks--Slaves and Freedmen--Lucius Horatillavus

CHAPTER V. 8