Tài liệu Nurse’s Fast Facts: Your Quick Source for Core Clinical Content pdf

REFERENCE VALUES FOR LABORATORY

TESTS—BLOOD OR SERUM

These values are for some of the more common laboratory tests done on

blood or serum. See pp. 172–198 for a more complete list, including possi￾ble causes of increased and decreased values.

Test Conventional Units SI Units

Albumin

Alkaline

phosphatase

(ALP)

Ammonia

Amylase

Bilirubin

Blood urea

nitrogen

(BUN)

Calcium

(serum)

Chloride

Cholesterol

Cholesterol, low

density (LDL)

Cholesterol, high

density (HDL)

CO2, venous

Creatinine

Creatine kinase

or creatine

phosphokinase

(CK or CPK)

Glucose, whole

blood (fasting)

Iron

Iron-binding capac￾ity, total (TIBC)

Lipase

Adult: 3.5–5.0 g/dL or

52–68% of total protein

Child: 4.0–5.8 g/dL

Adult: 20–90 U/L

Child: 60–270 U/L

Infant: 40–300 U/L

Adult: 15–70 μg/dL

Newborn: 40–120 μg/dL

Adult: 4–25 U/mL

Child: 25–125 U/L

Newborn: Up to 65 U/L

Direct: Up to 0.4 mg/dL

Indirect: Up to 0.8 mg/dL

Total: Up to 1.0 mg/dL

Newborn: 1–12 mg/dL

Adult: 5–25 mg/dL

Child: 5–20 mg/dL

Infant: 4–18 mg/dL

Adult: 8.5–10.5 mg/dL

Child: Slightly higher

95–107 mEq/L

40–50 yr: 140–240 mg/dL

age 25: 125–200 mg/dL

Infant: 70–175 mg/dL

age 65: Up to 200 mg/dL

To age 40: Up to 180 mg/dL

To age 25: Up to 138 mg/dL

32–75 mg/dL (varies with age)

23–30 mEq/L

Adult: 0.6–1.5 mg/dL

Child: 0.3–0.7 mg/dL

Newborn: 0.3–1.0 mg/dL

Male: 55–170U/L

Female: 30–135 U/L

Child: 15–50 U/L

Newborn: 30–100 U/L

Adult: 60–100 mg/dL

Newborn (1 day): 25–51 mg/dL

Men: 60–170 μg/dL

Women: 50–130 μg/dL

Child: 40–200 μg/dL

Newborn: 350–500 μg/dL

300–360 μg/dL

Adult: 14–280 U/L

Child: 20–136 IU/L

Infant: 9–105 IU/L

11–32 μmol/L

64–107 μmol/L

1.36–3.0 μkat/L

1.88–5.03 μkat/L

1.7–6.8 μmol/L

5.0–19.0 μmol/L

5–20 μmol/L

34–102 μmol/L

1.8–7.1 mmol/L

2.5–6.4 mmol/L

1.4–6.4 mmol/L

2.25–2.75 mmol/L

95–105 mmol/L

4.37–6.35 mmol/L

3.27–5.20 mmol/L

2.69–5.12 mmol/L

2.30–4.60 mmol/L

1.87–3.53 mmol/L

0.82–1.92 mmol/L

24–30 mmol/L

53–133 μmol/L

0.94–2.89 μkat/L

0.51–2.30 μkat/L

0.26–0.85 μkat/L

0.51–1.70 μkat/L

3.3–5.6 mmol/L

1.4–2.8 mmol/L

10.7–30.4 μmol/L

9.0–23.3 μmol/L

7.2–35.8 μmol/L

62.7–89.5 μmol/L

54–64 μmol/L

0.2.72 μkat/L

(continued on inside back cover)

000 front inside cover 3/9/04 06:15 PM Page 2

Nurse’s Fast Facts:

Your Quick Source for

Core Clinical Content

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Nurse’s Fast Facts:

Your Quick Source for

Core Clinical Content

Third Edition

BRENDA WALTERS HOLLOWAY, CRNP, FNP, MSN

Clinical Assistant Professor

University of South Alabama

College of Nursing

Mobile, Alabama

F. A. DAVIS COMPANY

Philadelphia

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F. A. Davis Company

1915 Arch Street

Philadelphia, PA 19103

Copyright © 2004 by F. A. Davis Company

Copyright © 1996, 2001 by F. A. Davis Company. All rights reserved. This book

is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval

system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, pho￾tocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the pub￾lisher.

Printed in Canada

Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Acquisitions Editor: Robert G. Martone

Developmental Editor: Alan Sorkowitz

Art & Design Manager: Joan Wendt

As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical

research, recommended treatments and drug therapies undergo changes. The

author and publisher have done everything possible to make this book accurate,

up to date, and in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The

author, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for

consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or

implied, in regard to the contents of the book. Any practice described in this

book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards

of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situa￾tion. The reader is advised always to check product information (package

inserts) for changes and new information regarding dose and contraindications

before administering any drug. Caution is especially urged when using new or

infrequently ordered drugs.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Holloway, Brenda Walters, 1949-

Nurse’s fast facts : your quick source for core clinical content / Brenda

Walters Holloway.—3rd ed.

p. ; cm.

Includes index.

ISBN 0-8036-1161-7

1. Nursing—Handbooks, manuals, etc.

[DNLM: 1. Nursing Care—Handbooks. 2. Nursing Process—Handbooks. 3.

Specialties, Nursing—methods—Handbooks. WY 49 H745n 2004] I. Title.

RT51.H65 2004

610.73—dc22

2004043215

Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or

personal use of specific clients, is granted by F. A. Davis Company for users reg￾istered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting

Service, provided that the fee of $.10 per copy is paid directly to CCC, 222

Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been

granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been

arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is:

8036–0599/01 0 $.10.

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This book is dedicated to my parents, Juanice and

J. M. Walters, who provided me with the opportunity

to obtain an education, and to Harry, Jason, Shanda,

and Scott, who have provided me with many opportu￾nities to use it.

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vii

Preface

Through years of clinical practice and teaching, I have

observed that orientation to each major clinical nursing

specialty usually leads the novice to ask a somewhat pre￾dictable set of questions ranging from specialty-related

communication, to assessment and anatomy, physiology,

and pathology involved in frequently seen conditions to

questions related to the planning and implementation of

patient care. Many excellent texts are available to provide

in-depth information related to these topics. Although the

use of such texts is essential to the acquisition of a thor￾ough knowledge of comprehensive patient care, these texts

are frequently too cumbersome to carry to the clinical

area, where on-the-spot information may be needed.

My goal in writing this book has been to provide a

portable and easy-to-use source for quick answers to ques￾tions I have frequently heard from students and practicing

nurses. The sections of this book pertain to each major

clinical nursing specialty and are identified by printed tabs

to speed access to the information. At the end of each sec￾tion are blank pages, which allow users to “customize” the

book by adding information that they find helpful for each

specialty.

It is hoped that the handy availability of information in

this pocket-sized reference book not only will improve the

accuracy and quality of patient care, but also will relieve

some of the stress that students and graduate nurses expe￾rience when they must move from one clinical specialty

area to another.

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ix

Acknowledgments

I would like to acknowledge the work of the professionals

who contributed written information in this book. Their

efforts have added greatly to the scope and quality of the

reference material. I would also like to thank the faculty,

staff, and students of the University of South Alabama as

well as professionals from across the country who

answered questions and provided me with information

necessary to the completion of this work. In addition, I

would like to thank the consultants to this book, who

reviewed the manuscript in its early stages and provided

many valuable insights and suggestions.

I would like to thank the F. A. Davis Company for its

vote of confidence and support in the development and

publication of this book. A very special thanks to Alan

Sorkowitz, of Alan Sorkowitz Editorial Services, for the

guidance and remarkable patience he exhibited during this

endeavor.

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xi

Contributors to the 3rd edition

JUDITH AZOK, MSN, ARNP, GNP-BC

Assistant Clinical Professor of Nursing

University of South Alabama

Mobile, Alabama

Medical-Surgical Content

LISA BENFIELD, MSN, FNP-CNS, MATERNAL-CHILD CNS

Nurse Practitioner

Gulfport OB-GYN Clinic

Gulfport, Mississippi

Maternal-Infant Content

JASON BOX, MSN, FNP-BC, EMP-P

Family Nurse Practitioner

South Baldwin Regional Medical Center Emergency

Department

Foley, Alabama

Emergency Content

KAREN HAMILTON, MSN, RNC

Assistant Clinical Professor of Nursing

University of South Alabama

Mobile, Alabama

Home Health Content

DEBORAH D. HYATT, FNP-C, PNP-C, GNP

Assistant Clinical Professor of Nursing

University of South Alabama

Family Nurse Practitioner

Providence Medical Group

Mobile, Alabama

Long-Term Care Content

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PATRICIA NOONAN, MSN, PMH-NP, ANP

Assistant Clinical Professor of Nursing

University of South Alabama

Mobile, Alabama

Mental Health Content

MARTHA SURLINE, MS

Assistant Clinical Professor of Nursing

University of South Alabama

Mobile, Alabama

Nutrition Content

ELIZABETH A. VANDEWAA, B.A., PHD

Associate Professor

University of South Alabama

Mobile, Alabama

Pharmacology Content

xii Contributors to the 3rd edition

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xiii

Contributors to Previous Editions

JUDITH AZOK, MSN, RN, GNP, CS

Clinical Assistant Professor of Nursing

University of South Alabama

Mobile, Alabama

Medical-Surgical Content

THOMAS W. BARKLEY, JR., DSN, RN, CS, ACNP

Assistant Professor of Nursing

Program Coordinator, Advanced Adult Acute Care

Nursing Specialty

University of South Alabama

Mobile, Alabama

Emergency and Critical Care Content

MARGARET DAHLBERG COLE, RN, DSN

Associate Professor

Spring Hill College

Mobile, Alabama

Maternal-Infant Content

VERA DOUGLAS, RN, MSN

Clinical Assistant Professor of Nursing

University of South Alabama

Mobile, Alabama

Mental Health Content

KATHERINE F. FREY, RN, MSN

Clinical Assistant Professor of Nursing

University of South Alabama

Mobile, Alabama

Medical-Surgical Content

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