Tài liệu New SAT Answer 1 docx

SECTION 1

Time — 25 Minutes

1 Question

You have 25 minutes to write an essay on the topic below. Your essay will be judged on how well it is

written as well as how adequately you have covered the topic. DO NOT WRITE ON ANOTHER TOPIC.

AN ESSAY ON ANOTHER TOPIC WILL RECEIVE NO CREDIT.

Your essay must be written on your answer sheet on the lines provided. The lined pages will be sufficient if

you use all the space provided.

Directions: Consider carefully the following statement and the assignment below it. Then

plan and write an essay that explains your ideas as persuasively as possible. Keep in mind

that the support you provide—both reasons and examples—will help make your view

convincing to the reader.

The harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain too cheap, we

esteem too lightly; it is dearness only that gives everything its value.

—Thomas Paine

Assignment: What is your view of the idea that people tend to value most that which they

worked hardest to obtain? In an essay, support your position by discussing an example (or

examples) from history, literature, the arts, science and technology, current events, or your

own experience or observation.

YOU MAY MAKE NOTES ON THIS PAGE AND ON THE PRECEDING PAGE, BUT YOU WILL BE

EVALUATED ONLY ON WHAT YOU HAVE WRITTEN ON THE ANSWER SHEET.

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SECTION 2

Time — 25 Minutes

24 Questions

Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices provided,

and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer sheet.

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any part of this page is illegal.

Each sentence below has one or two blanks. Each

blank indicates that something has been omitted

from the sentence. Choose the word or set of

words that best completes the meaning of the

sentence as a whole.

Example:

Trends are difficult to spot until they are well

established because they usually begin as minor,

seemingly ------- events.

(A) momentous (B) popular (C) insignificant

(D) current (E) recent

1. Skilled animal trainers condition their animals to

associate a specific ------- with a given behavior,

so that each stimulus will ------- an expected

response.

(A) discipline . . vanquish

(B) pattern . . subvert

(C) habitat . . elicit

(D) temperament . . yield

(E) cue . . trigger

2. The candidate’s final ------- owed as much to her

positive appeal with voters as to the negative

views they held of her rival.

(A) appearance (B) controversy (C) victory

(D) season (E) platform

3. Every new scientific theory that challenges the

reigning orthodoxy is viewed as ------- until it is

supported by incontrovertible evidence and

eventually adopted as truth.

(A) dichotomous (B) heretical (C) critical

(D) relative (E) inconsequential

4. Aspiring actors sometimes forget that fame is not

guaranteed but rather -------; and even if achieved,

not ------- but rather ephemeral.

(A) intransigent . . transient

(B) elusive . . immutable

(C) hopeful . . permanent

(D) mercurial . . impersonal

(E) inevitable . . futile

5. In today’s cynical media age in which a public

figure’s every expression and minutest gesture is

scrutinized, successful politicians become skilled

at -------: masking their true feelings and beliefs to

suit the views of their audiences.

(A) relegating (B) coercing (C) vilifying

(D) dissembling (E) perpetrating

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Questions 6-7 are based on the following passage.

Why do we know so little about the life of

William Shakespeare when we know

comparatively so much about the lives of his less

accomplished peers? Our lack of knowledge about

Shakespeare has inspired countless conspiracy

theories. The actual writing of Shakespeare's

works has been attributed to others from

contemporary playwrights Christopher Marlowe

and Ben Jonson, to the brilliant Renaissance

scientist and philosopher Francis Bacon.

Though Shakespeare died at just 52, he was an

immensely successful dramatist as well as a

prosperous property owner. Circumspect, and only

too aware of the government-inspired branding of

Jonson, its torture of Thomas Kyd, and its murder

of Marlowe, Shakespeare kept himself nearly

anonymous. Wary to the end, Shakespeare led a

life virtually without memorable incident, as far as

we can tell.

6. It can be inferred that the author cites the

treatment of Jonson, Kyd, and Marlow (lines 15-

16) in order to

(A) show that Shakespeare had a compelling

reason to keep a low profile

(B) demonstrate that these authors could not have

written Shakespeare’s works

(C) illustrate similar ludicrous conspiracy theories

about Shakespeare’s contemporaries

(D) prove that in fact we know quite a bit about

Shakespeare’s life and times

(E) suggest that Shakespeare, too, may have been

mistreated by the English government

7. The author’s primary purpose is to

(A) challenge an assumption

(B) refute a misconception

(C) propose an alternative explanation

(D) reveal a historical fallacy

(E) provide new evidence in support of a theory

Questions 8-9 are based on the following passage.

Napoleon was asked whether he preferred

courageous generals or brilliant generals. Neither,

he replied; he preferred lucky generals. A society

that cannot accept the concept of luck is one that

seeks to attach blame to every undesired outcome.

Unless we can accept bad luck we are destined to

be governed by a risk-blame-litigation￾compensation culture that suffocates initiative.

For some, this culture can be rewarding.

Tripping over an uneven paving stone, plus a note

from a compliant doctor, plus the assistance of an

enterprising lawyer, can yield untold riches—

sometimes even without tripping. But for others,

this culture is threatening. All the traditional risks

encountered in our daily lives are now overhung

by legal and financial risks. The whole world is

now struggling to come to grips with this culture.

8. As used in line 12, “enterprising” most nearly

means

(A) opportunistic

(B) well-known

(C) successful

(D) expensive

(E) financial

9. In context, the word “others” (line 13) refers to

(A) individuals who worry about bad luck

(B) doctors, lawyers, and other profiteers

(C) individuals who deny the existence of luck

(D) those who seek to profit from their bad luck

(E) those blamed for the consequences of bad luck

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Line

(5)

(10)

(15)

Line

(5)

(10)

(15)

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Questions 10-17 are based on the following passage.

The following passage is an excerpt from a

collection of essays on ecology written by a

professor of zoology.

Every species has its niche, its place in the

grand scheme of things. Consider a wolf-spider as

it hunts through the litter of leaves on the

woodland floor. It must be a splendid hunter; that

goes without saying for otherwise its line would

have long since died out. But it must be proficient

at other pursuits, too. Even as it hunts, it must

keep some of it eight eyes on the lookout for the

things that hunt it; and when it sees an enemy it

must do the right thing to save itself. It must

know what to do when it rains. It must have a

lifestyle that enables it to survive in the winter. It

must rest safely when the time is not apt for

hunting. And there comes a season of the year

when spiders, as it were, feel the sap rising in their

eight legs. The male must respond by going to

look for a female spider, and when he finds her, he

must convince her that he is not merely something

to eat—yet. And she, in the fullness of time, must

carry an egg-sack as she goes about her hunting,

and later must let the babies ride on her back.

They, in turn, must learn the various forms of

fending for themselves as they go through the

different months of the spider’s life until they, too,

are swift-running, pouncing hunters of the

woodland floor.

Wolf spidering is a complex job, not something

to be undertaken by an amateur. We might say

that there is a profession of wolf-spidering. It is

necessary to be good at all its manifold tasks to

survive at it. What is more, the profession is

possible only in very restricted circumstances. A

woodland floor is necessary, for instance, and the

right climate with a winter roughly like that your

ancestors were used to; and enough of the right

sorts of things to hunt; and the right shelter when

you need it; and the numbers of natural enemies

must be kept within reasonable bounds. For

success, individual spiders must be superlatively

good at their jobs and the right circumstance must

prevail. Unless both the skills of spidering and the

opportunity are present, there will not be any wolf￾spiders; the “niche” of wolf-spidering will not be

filled.

“Niche” is a word ecologists have borrowed

from church architecture. In a church “niche”

means a recess in the wall in which a figurine is

placed; it is an address, a location, a physical

place. But the ecologist’s “niche” is more than

just a physical space: it is a place in the grand

scheme of things. The niche is an animal’s (or a

plant’s) profession. The niche of the wolf-spider is

everything it does to get its food and raise its

babies. To be able to do these things it must relate

properly to the place where it lives and to the other

inhabitants of that place. Everything the species

does to survive is its niche. The physical living

place in an ecologist’s jargon is called the habitat.

The habitat is the “address” or “location” in which

individuals of the species live. The woodland

floor hunted by the wolf-spiders is the habitat, but

wolf-spidering is the niche.

10. Based on the passage as a whole, the author’s

primary purpose is to

(A) develop a metaphor

(B) offer an explanation

(C) propose a theory

(D) raise a question

(E) illustrate a paradox

11. The word “place” (line 1) most nearly means

(A) purpose

(B) location

(C) status

(D) role

(E) setting

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Each passage below is followed by questions about its content. Answer the questions based on what is stated

or implied in each passage and in any introductory material.

Line

(5)

(10)

(15)

(20)

(25)

(30)

(35)

(40)

(45)

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(55)

(60)

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