Tài liệu Moist-Soil Management Guidelines for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region

Moist-Soil Management Guidelines

for the

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Southeast Region

Moist-Soil Management

Guidelines

for the

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Southeast Region

Prepared by:

Robert W. Strader and Pat H. Stinson

Migratory Bird Field Office

Division of Migratory Birds

Southeast Region

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Jackson, MS

July 2005

These guidelines have been prepared to provide the moist-soil manager with some

basic information that can be used to manage and evaluate moist-soil management

units for wintering waterfowl foraging habitat. The contents are intended to improve

moist-soil management on national wildlife refuges in the Southeast Region. The

contents are not intended to be mandatory or to restrict the actions of any agency,

organization, or individual. Literature citations and scientific names are purposefully

kept to a minimum in the text. A listing of many common and scientific names of

moist-soil plants is included in APPENDIX 1. References to seed sources are

provided for information purposes only and do not represent an endorsement.

A note of appreciation is extended to the following individuals who reviewed and

provided comments to improve this handbook: Frank Bowers, Mike Chouinard,

Richard Crossett, Tom Edwards, Whit Lewis, David Linden, Don Orr, and John

Stanton of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Ken Reinecke of the U.S. Geological

Survey; Scott Durham of the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; Rick

Kaminski and Jennifer Kross of Mississippi State University; Ed Penny of Ducks

Unlimited; and Jimmy Grant of Wildlife Services.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction...................................................................................................................1

Management Objective .................................................................................................1

Moist-Soil Plant Management ......................................................................................3

Sunlight.............................................................................................................3

Soil temperature................................................................................................3

Soil moisture .....................................................................................................3

Soil chemistry ...................................................................................................5

Seed bank..........................................................................................................5

Successional stage.............................................................................................5

Moist Soil Plants...........................................................................................................7

Undesirable Plant Control.............................................................................................7

Sampling Techniques....................................................................................................9

Seed estimator...................................................................................................10

Plant densities ...................................................................................................10

Sampling schemes.............................................................................................10

Management implications.................................................................................11

Supplemental Planting ..................................................................................................12

Flood Schedule .............................................................................................................13

Integrating Management for other Wetland-Dependent Birds .....................................16

Records/Reporting ........................................................................................................16

Conclusions...................................................................................................................17