Tài liệu Microsoft Windows Server 2003 ppt

A Resource Kit Publication

William Gruber, Sandra Faucett, Greg Gille, Jim Bevan, Deborah R. Jay,

Chris McKitterick

Microsoft® Windows®

Server 2003

Deployment Kit

Automating and

Customizing Installations

Microsoft Corporation

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Companies, names, and data

used in examples herein are fictitious unless otherwise noted. No part of this document may be

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any

purpose, without the express written permission of Microsoft Corporation.

© 2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Active Directory, ActiveX, FrontPage, JScript, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, MS, MSDN,

MS-DOS, Notepad, SQL Server, Visual Basic, Visual Studio, Windows, Windows Media,

Windows NT, and Win32 are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the USA and

other countries.

Microsoft may have patents or pending patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other

intellectual property rights covering subject matter in this document. The furnishing of this

document does not give you any license to these patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other

intellectual property rights except as expressly provided in any written license agreement from

Microsoft.

IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation.

NetWare is a registered trademark of the Novell Corporation.

Apple and Macintosh are registered trademarks of the Apple Corporation.

ActivePerl is a registered trademark of the ActiveState Corporation.

Document No. X08-39353

Printed in the United States of America.

CHAPTER 1 Choosing an Automated Installation Method .........................................1

CHAPTER 2 Designing Unattended Installations ..................................................... 19

CHAPTER 3 Designing Image-based Installations with Sysprep ............................. 91

CHAPTER 4 Designing RIS Installations ................................................................. 161

CHAPTER 5 Migrating User State ............................................................................ 295

GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................... 323

INDEX ............................................................................................................................ 329

Contents at a glance

Introduction ................................................................................................................ xiii

Deployment Kit Compact Disc ..................................................................................xiv

Document Conventions ............................................................................................. xv

Support Policy .............................................................................................................xx

CHAPTER 1 Choosing an Automated Installation Method ...................................... 1

Overview of Choosing an Automated Installation Method ........................................2

Process for Choosing an Automated Installation Method .................................3

Fundamentals of Automated Installation ............................................................4

Choosing a Method Based on Clean Installations and Upgrades ............................7

Choosing a Method Based on Software Considerations ....................................... 10

Choosing a Method Based on Operating System ............................................. 11

Choosing a Method Based on Applications ...................................................... 12

Choosing a Method Based on Server Configuration ....................................... 12

Choosing a Method Based on Network and Hardware Configurations ................. 13

Choosing a Method Based on Network Topology ............................................. 14

Choosing a Method Based on Hardware Inventory .......................................... 15

Choosing a Method Based on Directory Services Considerations ........................ 16

Additional Resources ................................................................................................ 18

CHAPTER 2 Designing Unattended Installations ...................................................19

Overview of Unattended Installation ....................................................................... 20

Unattended Installation Design Process ........................................................... 21

Unattended Installation Fundamentals ............................................................ 22

Evaluating Hardware and Software for Unattended Installations ......................... 24

Evaluating Hardware and Software Compatibility ............................................ 26

Identifying Supplemental Device Drivers .......................................................... 27

Deciding Whether to Perform an Upgrade or a Clean Installation ........................ 28

Contents

vi Contents

Evaluating Possible Upgrade Paths ................................................................... 30

Evaluating Differences Between an Upgrade and a Clean Installation ......... 32

Choosing a Distribution Method .............................................................................. 33

Evaluating Distribution Methods ....................................................................... 35

Using a Distribution Share to Perform an Unattended Installation .......... 35

Using Media to Perform an Unattended Installation ................................. 37

Designing the Distribution Process ................................................................... 39

Designing a Distribution Share ................................................................... 39

Designing the Media Distribution Process ................................................. 44

Designing Preinstallation Tasks for Unattended Installations ............................... 45

Creating a User State Migration Plan for Unattended Installations ................ 47

Creating a Disk Configuration Plan for Unattended Installations ................... 48

Planning for Dynamic Update ............................................................................ 50

Identifying and Downloading Dynamic Update Files ................................. 51

Preparing Dynamic Update Files ................................................................. 52

Configuring Answer File and Winnt32.exe Settings for

Dynamic Update ........................................................................................... 54

Designing Answer File and Setup Settings for Unattended Installations ............. 55

Designing Automated Installation Tasks .......................................................... 58

Designing Automated Post-Installation Tasks .................................................. 63

Identifying Automated Post-Installation Tasks ........................................... 63

Choosing a Method for Automating Post-Installation Tasks ..................... 64

Configuring Cmdlines.txt to Perform Tasks ................................................ 65

Configuring [GuiRunOnce] to Perform Tasks ............................................. 66

Designing Setup Settings ................................................................................... 68

Choosing Winnt.exe Parameters ................................................................. 68

Choosing Winnt32.exe Parameters ............................................................ 69

Creating Startup Media, Answer Files, and Distribution Shares ........................... 72

Creating Startup Media for Destination Computers ....................................... 74

Choosing Startup Media .............................................................................. 74

Creating Startup Media ................................................................................ 76

Creating Answer Files ......................................................................................... 77

Creating an Answer File with Setup Manager ............................................ 78

Creating an Answer File Manually ............................................................... 79

Creating Distribution Shares .............................................................................. 80

Performing Unattended Installations ....................................................................... 81

Contents vii

Performing a Clean Unattended Installation with an

Operating System CD ......................................................................................... 83

Performing a Clean Unattended Installation with an

MS-DOS Startup Disk ......................................................................................... 84

Performing a Clean Unattended Installation with a

32-bit Operating System .................................................................................... 85

Performing an Unattended Upgrade Installation ............................................. 86

Additional Resources ................................................................................................ 87

CHAPTER 3 Designing Image-based Installations with Sysprep ...........................91

Overview of Image-based Installations .................................................................... 92

Image-based Installation Design Process ......................................................... 93

Image-based Installation Background .............................................................. 94

Identifying Inventory Requirements for Image-based Installations ....................... 97

Identifying Hardware That Impacts Image-based Installations ....................... 99

Identifying Software That Impacts Image-based Installations ......................103

Verifying Software and Hardware Compatibility .............................................105

Defining Disk Images ..............................................................................................106

Evaluating Operating System Differences ......................................................108

Evaluating Hardware Differences ....................................................................108

Evaluating Software Differences .....................................................................111

Evaluating Operating System and Software Settings ...................................113

Designing the Image Delivery Process ..................................................................114

Choosing a Disk-Imaging Program ..................................................................116

Choosing an Image Distribution Method ........................................................117

Distributing Disk Images Across a Network .............................................118

Distributing Disk Images by Using Media .................................................119

Comparing Disk Image Distribution Methods ..........................................120

Designing Preinstallation Tasks for Image-based Installations ...........................121

Creating a User State Migration Plan for Image-based Installations ............123

Creating a Disk Configuration Plan for Image-based Installations ...............124

Designing Automated Setup Tasks ........................................................................126

Automating Tasks Before Mini-Setup ..............................................................128

Automating Tasks During Mini-Setup ..............................................................133

Automating Tasks After Mini-Setup .................................................................138

Creating Disk Images ..............................................................................................141

Building Master Installations ...........................................................................143

Preparing Master Installations by Running Sysprep .....................................148

Identifying Cleanup, Configuration, and Auditing Tasks ..........................148

viii Contents

Choosing Sysprep Settings ........................................................................149

Creating Disk Images of Master Installations .................................................152

Creating Startup Media for Destination Computers .............................................153

Choosing Startup Media ...................................................................................154

Creating Startup Media ....................................................................................155

Deploying Disk Images ...........................................................................................157

Additional Resources ..............................................................................................158

CHAPTER 4 Designing RIS Installations ...............................................................161

Overview of the RIS Deployment Process .............................................................162

Process for Deploying RIS ................................................................................163

Planning RIS Installations .......................................................................................172

Identifying Client Requirements ......................................................................174

Evaluating RIS Client Hardware ................................................................174

Determining RIS Client HAL Types ............................................................175

Evaluating Remote Boot Capabilities of RIS Clients ................................177

Auditing Existing Clients .............................................................................180

Evaluating the RIS Client Prestaging Process ..........................................185

Evaluating Operating System Configurations ...........................................187

Evaluating RIS Server Requirements ..............................................................190

Evaluating RIS Server Hardware Requirements ......................................190

Assessing RIS Server Software Requirements .........................................191

Assessing RIS Server Placement ..............................................................192

Planning RIS Server Performance .............................................................195

Assessing Master Computer Requirements ...................................................198

Assess Existing Network Infrastructure ..........................................................200

Evaluating Network Installation Points .....................................................202

Redirecting RIS Client Requests ...............................................................203

Forwarding Client DHCP Requests through Routers ...............................204

Planning RIS Network Security ........................................................................204

Assessing the Security of the PXE Environment ......................................205

Evaluating the NTLM Authentication Level ..............................................206

Assessing Security for Non-Prestaged Clients .........................................206

Planning for Network Security Enhancement Using Prestaged Clients .207

Assessing Security Benefits of Restricting Client Installation Options ...208

Assessing Security Benefits of Controlling the User Interaction Level ...209

Evaluating Security for Operating System Images ...................................210

Assessing RIS Server Authorization Security ............................................211

Contents ix

Planning Security for RIS Administrative Tasks .......................................212

Designing RIS-based Installations .........................................................................215

Designing the RIS Installation Type .................................................................215

Design a Riprep-Based Installation ...........................................................216

Riprep Image Design Background ............................................................216

Riprep Image Design Tasks .......................................................................218

Riprep Image Design and User Profiles ....................................................223

Design a Risetup-Based Installation .........................................................223

Risetup Image Design Background ...........................................................224

Risetup Image Design Tasks .....................................................................225

Designing the RIS Deployment Mode .............................................................234

Interactive Installation Design Background .............................................234

Interactive Installation Design Tasks ........................................................235

Fully-Automated Installation Design Background ....................................238

Fully-Automated Installation Design Tasks ..............................................241

Designing the CIW Process ..............................................................................245

CIW Design Background ............................................................................245

CIW Design Tasks .......................................................................................249

Designing the RIS Server Configuration ..........................................................259

RIS Server Configuration Design Background ..........................................259

RIS Server Configuration Design Tasks ....................................................260

Designing the Active Directory Infrastructure ..........................................273

Designing a Test RIS Environment ..................................................................276

Configuring and Deploying RIS ...............................................................................278

Creating a RIS Test Environment .....................................................................279

Configuring Networking Support .....................................................................280

Configuring Production Clients ........................................................................281

Creating a Production RIS Server ....................................................................282

Configuring a Master Installation ....................................................................283

Installing the Master Computer Operating System ..................................283

Configuring the Master Computer Operating System ..............................284

Testing Riprep Images and User Profiles .................................................285

Running the Riprep Wizard on the Master Computer .............................286

Configuring Answer File and Image Folder Permissions .........................286

Building a Master Distribution Share Installation ..........................................287

Configuring the RIS Server ...............................................................................287

Creating the CIW Configuration .......................................................................289

x Contents

Deploying an Operating System .............................................................................290

Using a Network Boot .......................................................................................290

Using a RIS Boot Floppy Disk ...........................................................................291

Additional Resources ..............................................................................................291

CHAPTER 5 Migrating User State ..........................................................................295

Overview of Migrating User State ...........................................................................296

User State Migration Process ..........................................................................297

Tools Used in the Migration Process ...............................................................297

Choosing a User State Collection Method .............................................................300

Manual Migration .............................................................................................302

Scripted-Manual Migration ..............................................................................303

Centralized Automation ....................................................................................304

User-Driven Migration .......................................................................................306

Identifying Migration Content .................................................................................307

Identifying User Data to Migrate ......................................................................308

Identifying User Settings to Migrate ................................................................309

Identifying Key Settings for User Productivity ..........................................309

Evaluating Costs vs. Benefits of Migrating Settings ................................310

Creating a Detailed Migration Plan ........................................................................311

Resolving Storage and Data Issues ................................................................312

Determining Storage Requirements .........................................................312

Reviewing Data Collection and Restoration Selections ..........................313

Addressing File Relocation Issues ............................................................313

Identifying Security Concerns ..........................................................................314

Restoring Lost Access Control Lists (ACLs) ..............................................314

Managing Data Encryption During Migration ...........................................314

Securing User State During Migration ......................................................315

Translating and Relocating Registry Entries ...................................................315

Adapting Your Plan for Domain Migration ......................................................316

Scheduling Your Migration ...............................................................................317

Educating Users ................................................................................................318

Testing Your Migration Process .............................................................................319

Performing Lab Tests .................................................................................320

Performing a Pilot Test ...............................................................................320

Additional Resources ..............................................................................................321

GLOSSARY ..................................................................................................................323

INDEX..........................................................................................................................329

Acknowledgments

Microsoft would like to thank the following people for their contributions:

Documentation Manager: Pilar Ackerman

Writing Lead: Cheryl Jenkins

Editing Leads: Laura Graham, Kate O’Leary, Scott Somohano

Editors: Nona Allison, Ann Becherer, Jim Becker, Bonnie Birger, Dale Callison, Anika Nelson,

Tyler Parris, Susan Sarrafan, Scott Somohano, Dee Teodoro, Scott Turnbull, Tom Winn, Paula

Younkin

Lab Management: Robert Thingwold, David Meyer

Project Managers: Clifton Hall, Paulette McKay, Neil Orint

Online Components Writing Team: Peter Costantini, Eve Gordon, Amy Groncznack, Lola

Gunter, Sean Loosier, Irfan Mirza, Gary Moore, Chris Revelle, Kim Simmons, Greg Stemp,

Dean Tsaltas, Kelly Vomacka

Online Components Editing Team: Anika Nelson, Kate Robinson, Dee Teodoro

Windows Server Resource Kit Tools Program Managers: Majdi Badarin, Clark Gilder

Publishing Team: Barbara Arend, Jon Billow, Chris Blanton, Eric Camplin, Yong Ok Chung,

Andrea DeGrazia, Julie Geren, Julie Hatley, Jason Hershey, Michael Howe, Richard Min, Cornel

Moiceanu, Rochelle Parry, David Pearlstein, Mark Pengra, Steve Pyron, Ben Rangel, Lee Ross,

Tony Ross, Gino Sega, Amy Shear, Karla van der Hoeven, Gabriel Varela, Ken Western, Matt

Winberry

Key Technical Reviewers: Linda Apsley, Jim Thatcher

Technical Reviewers: Michael Brinlee, Ryan Burkhardt, Nathan Cornillon, Mark Dietrich, Tony

Donno, Bo Downey, Jim Edgar, Vinnie Flynt, Darrell Gorter, David Hennessey, Charlie Hough,

Raj Jhanwar, Craig Marl, Scott McArthur, Wes Miller, Joseph Minckler, Madhulika Narayan,

Calin Negreanu, Dennis Pollet, Andrew Ritz, Matt Seybold, Levi Stevens, Josh Vincent

Special thanks to Martin DelRe for his support and sponsorship. Without his contribution, the

publication of this kit would not have been possible.

Welcome to Automating and Customizing Installations of the Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003

Deployment Kit. This book provides comprehensive information about planning, designing, and

implementing automated installations in medium and large organizations. Options range from

automated installations of a basic operating system to complex installations of a customized

operating system and applications. The technologies and tools discussed in this book include:

unattended installation, image-based installation with the System Preparation (Sysprep) tool, and

Remote Installation Services (RIS). IT professionals can use the guidelines discussed in this book

to create a functional specification that describes how to automate the installation of Windows

Server 2003 and Windows XP Professional.

Introduction

xiv Introduction

Deployment Kit Compact Disc

The following contents are included on the Windows Server 2003 Deployment Kit

companion CD:

u Windows Server 2003 Deployment Kit. A searchable online version of the Windows

Server 2003 Deployment Kit.

u Resource Kit Tools for Windows Server 2003. A collection of tools included with the

Windows Deployment and Resource Kits that can help you deploy, configure, maintain,

and troubleshoot Windows Server 2003.

u Resource Kit Registry Reference for Windows Server 2003. A searchable online

reference providing detailed descriptions of the Windows Server 2003 registry, including

many entries that cannot be edited by using Windows Server 2003 tools or programming

interfaces.

u Resource Kit Performance Counters Reference for Windows Server 2003. A searchable

online reference describing what each performance counter monitors. You can use

performance counters to diagnose problems or detect bottlenecks in your system.

u Deploying Internet Information Services (IIS) 6.0 & Migration Tools. A searchable

online version of Deploying Internet Information Services (IIS) 6.0 and tools that you can

use to migrate to IIS 6.0.

u Job Aids for the Windows Server 2003 Deployment Kit. Worksheets and resources that

can help you create your deployment plan for Windows Server 2003.

u Windows Server 2003 Support Tools. A collection of tools included on the Windows

Server 2003 operating system CD that you can use to diagnose and resolve computer and

network problems.

u Windows Server 2003 Help. The searchable Help file included with the Windows

Server 2003 operating system containing technical content for the IT professional, which can

be installed on Microsoft® Windows® XP Professional.

u Microsoft Office Viewers. Viewers you can install on your computer if you do not have

Microsoft® Office, which allow you to see worksheets and resources on the Windows

Server 2003 Deployment Kit companion CD.

u CD-ROM Release Notes. Late breaking information about the contents of the Windows

Server 2003 Deployment Kit companion CD.

u Links to Microsoft Press. Links to the Microsoft Press Support site, which you can search

for Knowledge Base articles, and to the Microsoft Press product registration site, which you

can use to register this book online.

Introduction xv

Document Conventions

The following art symbols and text conventions are used throughout this book.

Flowchart Symbols

Use the following table of symbols as a resource for understanding the flowcharts included

in this guide.

Symbol Meaning Symbol Meaning

Step or component process Data stored to a database

Predefined process or subroutine Flowchart beginning or end

Decision point Intra-chart connector: Flow

continues to next page

Output to a document or input from

a document

Intra-chart connector: Flow

continues from previous page

Data transfer to a file on disk Inter-chart connector: Indicates an

exit point to another flowchart

Data transfer to a data store Inter-chart connector: Indicates an

entry point from another flowchart

Art Symbols

Use the following table of the art symbols as a resource for understanding the graphics included

in this guide.

Symbol Meaning Symbol Meaning

Workstation Macintosh client

Portable computer Tablet computer

Terminal Cellular phone

(continued)