Tài liệu Learn Spanish pdf

Learn Spanish

Published by Discs Direct

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Grammar basics 33

alse Friends 58

64

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Learn Spanish E-book

Published and distributed by Discs Direct.

easons.

All rights reserved. Copyright 2004 Discs Direct.

Contents

Language note 3

Alphabet 4

Pronunciation Guide 5

Stress & Accent Marks 10

Basic Phrases 11

Greetings 15

Numbers 16

Vocabulary 18

F

Spanish - English Dictionary

English - Spanish Dictionary 80

Food Glossary 96

You can print the book for academic r

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spañol - Language note

alicia Portuguese.

here are around 40 million Spanish speakers within Spain and many more in other

ountries (see below).

uding the Balearic and Canary Islands and the

lilla. There are Spanish-speaking communities

f the official languages of the European Union

tions.

lphabet and the acute accent on vowels to indicate stressed

clusive to Spanish and represent a single letter and not a

the only language to use the opening question and exclamation

of Spanish Speakers:

ion

enezuela - 23.3 million

SA - 20.7 million

eru - 20.4 million

hile - 13.6 million

ominican Republic - 8.2 million

E

Spanish is the third most popular language of the world.

It belongs to the Ibero-Romance family of languages and is most closely related to Catalan,

G n and

T

c

Spanish is the official language in Spain, incl

Northern African enclaves of Ceuta and Me

in the UK, France and Germany. It is one o

and of the United Na

Spanish uses the Latin a

syllables. Ñ and ñ are ex

modification of n. It's also

marks ¿ ¡

Country - Number

Mexico - 91 million

Colombia - 41.9 mill

Argentina - 35.6 million

Spain - 39.9 million

V

U

P

C

Ecuador - 11.8 million

D

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The Alphabet

The Spanish alphabet consists of 2

a, b, c, ch, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, ll,

Below you can see the capital letter

with that letter.

A: a azul (adj) - blue

B: be bandera (nf) - flag

C: ce cerdo (nm) - pig,

CH: che chico (nm) - boy

D: de dedo (nm) - finger

E: e escarabajo (nm) -

F: efe fruta (nf) - fruit

G: ge gatito (nm) - kitten

H: hache hombre (nm) - m

I: i insecto (nm) - insect

J: jota joya (nf) - jewel

K: ka kilómetro (nm) - kilom

L: ele lago (nm) -lake

LL: elle llover (v) rain

M: eme mar (nf, nm) sea

N: ene noche (nf) - night

Ñ: eñe ñame (nm) - yam

O: o océano (nm) - oc

: pe papá (nm) - dad

9 letters:

m, n, ñ, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z

s along with name of each letter and one word starting

hog

beetle

an

etre

ean

: cu quizá - maybe

ere reina (nf) - queen

: ese silla (nf) - chair

: te tiburón (nm) - shark

: u uva (nf) - grape

: ve vaca (nf) - cow

: doble u wok (nm) - wok

: equis xilófono (nm) - xylophone

P

Q

R:

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y: i griega y (conj) - and

Z: zeta zorro (nm) - fox

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Vowels

All vowels in Spanish make only one sound each:

a . . . sounds like . . . ah as in "father"

The Spanish "a" is a short sharp sound like "hat" in English

Examples: pato - apio - loca

e

The Spanish "e" is like the ehh in "bet" in English

Examples: elegir - éxito - sed

The Spanish "i" is like the "ee" in "seen", but a bit shorter

Examples: sin - miércoles - idiota

o . . sounds like . . . oh as in "go"

The Spanish "o" can have two sounds. When it is at the end of a word it is like the

difference is very subtle

Examples: pato - apio - loca

oo as in "to"

The Spanish "u" is like the "oo" in "food"

Note: It is silent after "q" and in "gue" and "gui"

sis eg: antigüedad. The "ü" is quite rare.

Pronounciation Guide

i . . . sounds like . . . ee as in "bee"

"o" in note e.g. "pato"

When it is before a consonant it is shorter, like "pot" or "cot" e.g. "boda". This

u . . . sounds like . . .

The exceptions are marked with a diaere

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Examples: luna - puro - mudo

Diphtongs:

ai ay

The Spanish "ai" is like the "i" in "side"

Examples: aislar - paisaje - vaina - haya

anish "ei" and "ey" sound like the "ay" in say

he Spanish "eu" has no English equivalent and is difficult to define.

and "u" together. It is not very common.

ples: deuda - neutral - reumatismo

ote that the word "y" meaning "and" sounds like the Spanish "i"

erno - yeso - tierno - miedo

u

"win"

a vowel it normally has the "w" sound

amples: fuente - huevo - agua - fui - fuimos - cuota

au

The Spanish "au" is like the "ou" in "sound"

Examples: causa - pausa - audio - audiencia

ei ey

The Sp

Examples: rey - peine - seis

eu

T

It is just the sounds of "e"

Exam

oi oy

The Spanish "oi" and "oy" are like the "oy" in boy

Examples: soy - doy - boicot - sois - coyote

Semi-consonants:

ie y

The Spanish "y" and "ie" have the "y" sound in "yes" .

N

Examples: hielo - y

The Spanish "u + vowel" sounds like the "w" in

Note that when "u" is followed by

Ex

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Consonants

Most consonants are the same as in English,

except: c g h j ll r rr v z

b

The Spanish "b" is almost exactly the same as an English "b"

(Note: Both "b" and "v" have the "b" sound in Spanish)

Examples: bomba - enviar - voy - Córdoba

c (hard c)

The Spanish "c" has the English "k" sound except when it comes before "e" and "i"

Examples: academia - con - Ecuador - cola

c (soft c)

Before "e" and "i" it has a "th" sound as in "thin"

(Note: c is an "s" sound in Latin America, or a "th" sound in Spain)

Examples: sociedad - recibir - receta

ch

The Spanish "ch" is the same as the "ch" in church

Examples: bochorno - champán - champiñón - champú

d

The Spanish "d" is very similar to the English

"d" when it comes at the end of a word it can have a "th" like sound eg. Madrid, verdad

Examples: del - definir - ciudad - domingo

f

The Spanish "f" is the same as the English "f"

Examples: freír - difícil - afeitar - foro

g (hard g)

The Spanish "g" is like the English "g" unless it comes before "i" and "e".

Examples: Galicia - golpe - guante - iglesia

g (soft g)

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The Spanish "g" is like the Spanish "j" when it comes before "i" and "e".

d are: gemelo - geranio - gimnasio - gitano

und similar to the "ch" in the Scottish "loch"

je

mmon in Spanish

he "y" in yes

o- Mallorca

m

The Spanish "m" is the same as the English "m"

amples: mama - tomar - malo - mixta - mano

glish "n"

amples: nadar - nadie - no - uno - nada

It makes the soft "h" sound, like the "ch" in the Scottish "loch"

Some other words which have this soun

h

The Spanish "h" is always silent

Examples: honor - Alhambra - rehacer

j

The Spanish "j" is a strong guttural (throaty) so

Examples: jota - jabón - lenguaje - e

k

The Spanish "k" is the same as the English "k". It is very unco

Examples: kilo - kilovatio - kiosco - kiwi

l

The Spanish "l" is the same as the English "l"

Examples: lobo - lámpara - ladrón

ll

The Spanish "ll" makes a drawn-out sound like t

Examples: taller - valle - llamar - llover - llen

Ex

n

The Spanish "n" is the same as the En

Ex

ñ

The Spanish "ñ" is like the "ni" in "onion" in English

Examples: baño - caña - riñón - teñir

p

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The Spanish "p" is the same as the "p" in English

Spanish "q" is pronounced like the English "k" in "kick"

(Please note that the u after q is silent unlike in English, so qu makes a "k" sound not "kw")

r

The Spanish "r" is a similar to the English "r" but it is stronger (is rolled)

Examples: rabo - radio - mar

rr

The Spanish "rr" does not exist in English. It is a very strong "r" with a trill (it's rolled

.

uerra - parra - barrio

, g, l, m, n

to

an have a "zzz" sound when it comes before b, d, g, l, m, n

sde - asno

t

e Spanish "t" is very similar to the "t" in English.

The Spanish "x" is similar to the English pronunciation and it has a "ks" sound.

Examples: extra - sexto- exacto - éxito

z

Examples: pato - apio - lápiz

q

The

Examples: queso - qué - querer - quince

emphatically).

Many English speakers find this sound very difficult to pronounce

Examples: puerro - berro - carro - g

s

The Spanish "s" has two sounds.

It is pronounced the same as "s" sound in "sit" except when it comes before b, d

Examples: saber - sobre - cosas - asun

It c

Examples: mismo - de

Th

In Spanish the tongue is placed closer to the teeth and there is less aspiration.

Examples: trigo - tomar- todo - patata

v

makes the "b" sound

x

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The Spanish "z" has the "th" sound in the English thin.

Examples: zona - cazar - zorro - luz

Please note: Z . . . is an "Z" sound in Latin America, or a "TH" sound in Spain

Another key aspect is knowing which syllable should be stressed.

re simple.

t

If a word isn't pronounced according to the above two rules, an accent is placed over the

wel of the syllable that gets the stress. For example, común, lápiz, médico, inglés, and

jalá all have the stress on the indicated syllable.

above words are some words of foreign origin, generally words

t retain their original spelling and pronunciation. Also personal

usually are written without accents.

e accent marks over capital letters, although

apital letters

In Spanish, days, months, languages and nationalities do not use a capital letter. Only names

f people and places do.

Stress and Accent Marks

Knowing how letters are pronounced is only one aspect of learning Spanish pronunciation.

Fortunately, in Spanish the rules for stress (also known as accent) a

In fact, there are only three basic rules that cover nearly every word:

1. If a word ends in a vowel, n or s, the stress is on the next to last syllable. For example,

toro, computadora, joven and zapatos all have their accent on the next-to-last syllable. Mos

words fit this category.

2. Words than end in other letters have the stress on the last syllable. For example, hotel,

hablar, madador and virtud all have the accent on the final syllable.

3.

vo

o

The only exceptions to the

adopted from English, tha

names and place names of foreign origin

Note that some publications and signs do not us

it is normally best to use them when possible.

C

o

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