Tài liệu Intelligent Vehicle Technology and Trends P2 ppt

2.2.1 Europe’s eSafety Vision [4]

The European RSAP, developed by the EC, lays out the over-arching European

strategy to road safety, including road design and operations, vehicle design

(crashworthiness), emergency response, and active safety (eSafety). The concept

of active safety is firmly established within the RSAP as an important program

component. For example, some potential government policy and program mea￾sures discussed in the RSAP are the following:

• Regulatory measures for active safety systems;

• Development of a plan to implement vehicle-vehicle and vehicle-roadside

communications systems;

• Fiscal incentives for purchasers of active safety systems.

“eSafety,” a key component of the RSAP, is a government-industry initiative for

improving road safety by using information and communications technologies. The

overall objective is to join forces to create a European strategy to accelerate the

research, development, deployment, and use of “intelligent integrated road safety

systems” to achieve the 2010 goal noted above. Systems envisioned are colli￾sion warning and mitigation, lane-keeping, vulnerable road user detection, driver

condition monitoring, and improved vision. Other technologies will provide for

automatic emergency calls, adaptive speed limitation, traffic management, and

parking aids.

As an indication of the significance of the eSafety initiative, eSafety strategy is

led by a high-level group consisting of top executives in the automotive industry and

government organizations. Implementation is then the responsibility of an eSafety

working group, which is composed of key professionals in these domains.

eSafety focuses on both stand-alone IV safety systems and cooperative systems

that will enable essential safety information to be exchanged between vehicles and

the infrastructure. This broader access to situational information will allow more

accurate assessment of risk and a more robust response.

Recommendations from the initial eSafety strategy group included the develop￾ment of an implementation road map that balances business, societal, and user

issues; development of digital maps capable of supporting safety systems; incentives

to stimulate and support road users and fleet owners to buy vehicles with intelligent

safety functions; and increased levels of international cooperation in areas such as

standardization, development of test methodologies, legal issues, and benefits

assessment.

Participants describe the eSafety vision as follows:

“The driver is sitting behind the steering wheel and is driving at 70 km/h. He [or she]

steers the vehicle into a corner. To do so he [or she] uses information acquired by look￾ing at the total road picture, the surroundings and his [or her] in-car instruments. The

in-car applications continuously receive information from cameras (visible light and

infrared), in-vehicle radar systems, digital maps, GNSS satellites for location informa￾tion, vehicle-infrastructure communication, information from other vehicles and the

like. The information collected by these sensors is verified by the in-vehicle control

unit, integrated, analyzed and processed, and presented to the driver.

12 Goals and Visions for the Future

The driver is aware that his [or her] car is equipped with a sophisticated safety sys￾tem. Depending on the degree and timing of the danger the system would inform

him [or her], warn him [or her], actively assist him [or her] or ultimately actively

intervene to avoid the danger. If the intervention cannot avoid the crash completely,

intelligent passive safety applications will be deployed in an optimal way to protect

the vehicle occupants and possibly other parties involved in the accident (vulnerable

road users). The system will also automatically contact the emergency services indi￾cating the severity and location of the accident.”

A significant set of R&D projects are now under way in Europe under the

eSafety banner, as described in Chapter 4.

2.2.2 Sweden’s Vision Zero [11]

Sweden has led the way in safety by introducing its Vision Zero concept—a future in

which no one will be killed or seriously injured in road traffic. Vision Zero has

strong backing from the Swedish parliament and forms the foundation for road

traffic safety initiatives in Sweden.

A key principle is to ensure that roads and vehicles are adapted to the limita￾tions of human drivers, including automatic means of limiting vehicle speeds as

appropriate to the situation. While full implementation will take many years, since

the introduction of Vision Zero in 1995 and the beginning of road safety improve￾ments, deaths and serious injuries on Swedish roads have not increased despite an

increase in traffic.

Vision Zero comprises the following eleven priority areas:

• A focus on the most dangerous roads;

• Safer traffic in built-up areas;

• An emphasis on the responsibility of the road user;

• Safer bicycle traffic;

• Quality assurance of transport (shippers and freight carriers);

• Winter tire requirements;

• Better use of new Swedish technology;

• The responsibilities of designers of the road transport system;

• Societal handling of traffic crime;

• The role of voluntary organizations;

• Alternative methods for financing new roads.

From a vehicle perspective, the approach encompasses greater cooperation

between the automotive industry and road designers, as well as safer vehicle design in

terms of crashworthiness and occupant protection. The continued development of IV

safety systems by domestic car manufacturers Saab and Volvo is also supported.

2.2.3 ITS America’s Zero Fatalities Vision [12]

The Intelligent Transportation Society of America (ITS America) was established in

1991 to coordinate the development and deployment of ITS in the United States. A

2.2 Visions for the Future 13