Tài liệu History of English Literature Elizabethan Literature pdf

CHAPTER I

CHAPTER II

CHAPTER III

CHAPTER IV

CHAPTER V

CHAPTER VI

CHAPTER VII

CHAPTER VIII

CHAPTER IX

CHAPTER X

CHAPTER XI

CHAPTER XII

CHAPTER I

CHAPTER II

CHAPTER III

CHAPTER IV

CHAPTER V

CHAPTER VI

CHAPTER VII

CHAPTER VIII

CHAPTER IX

CHAPTER X

CHAPTER XI

CHAPTER XII

History of English Literature, by George

Saintsbury

History of English Literature, by George Saintsbury 1

Project Gutenberg's A History of English Literature, by George Saintsbury This eBook is for the use of

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Title: A History of English Literature Elizabethan Literature

Author: George Saintsbury

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Language: English

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*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE ***

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HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE

ELIZABETHAN LITERATURE

+---------------------------------------------+ | | | A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE | | | | In Six Volumes,

Crown 8vo. | | | | ENGLISH LITERATURE FROM THE BEGINNING | | TO THE NORMAN CONQUEST.

By Rev. STOPFORD | | A. BROOKE, M.A. 8s. 6d. | | | | ENGLISH LITERATURE FROM THE NORMAN | |

CONQUEST TO CHAUCER. By Prof. W. H. | | SCHOFIELD, Ph.D. 8s. 6d. | | | | THE AGE OF CHAUCER.

By Professor W. H. | | SCHOFIELD, Ph.D. [In preparation. | | | | ELIZABETHAN LITERATURE

(1560-1665). By | | GEORGE SAINTSBURY. 8s. 6d. | | | | EIGHTEENTH CENTURY LITERATURE

(1660-1780). | | By EDMUND GOSSE, M.A. 8s. 6d. | | | | NINETEENTH CENTURY LITERATURE

(1780-1900). | | By GEORGE SAINTSBURY. 8s. 6d. | | | | | | By GEORGE SAINTSBURY. | | | | A SHORT

HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. | | Crown 8vo. 10s. Also in five Parts. | | 2s. 6d. each. | | | | A

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A HISTORY

OF

ELIZABETHAN LITERATURE

BY

History of English Literature, by George Saintsbury 2

GEORGE SAINTSBURY

MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON 1920

COPYRIGHT

First Edition 1887. Second Edition 1890.

Reprinted 1893, 1894, 1896, 1898, 1901, 1903, 1907, 1910, 1913, 1918, 1920.

PREFACE TO NINTH EDITION

As was explained in the Note to the Preface of the previous editions and impressions of this book, after the

first, hardly one of them appeared without careful revision, and the insertion of a more or less considerable

number of additions and corrections. I found, indeed, few errors of a kind that need have seemed serious

except to Momus or Zoilus. But in the enormous number of statements of fact which literary history of the

more exact kind requires, minor blunders, be they more or fewer, are sure to creep in. No writer, again, who

endeavours constantly to keep up and extend his knowledge of such a subject as Elizabethan literature, can

fail to have something new to say from time to time. And though no one who is competent originally for his

task ought to experience any violent changes of view, any one's views may undergo modification. In

particular, he may find that readers have misunderstood him, and that alterations of expression are desirable.

For all these reasons and others I have not spared trouble in the various revisions referred to; I think the book

has been kept by them fairly abreast of its author's knowledge, and I hope it is not too far behind that of

others.

It will, however, almost inevitably happen that a long series of piecemeal corrections and codicils somewhat

disfigures the character of the composition as a whole. And after nearly the full score of years, and not much

less than half a score of re-appearances, it has seemed to me desirable to make a somewhat more thorough,

minute, and above all connected revision than I have ever made before. And so, my publishers falling in with

this view, the present edition represents the result. I do not think it necessary to reprint the original preface.

When I wrote it I had already had some, and since I wrote it I have had much more, experience in writing

literary history. I have never seen reason to alter the opinion that, to make such history of any value at all, the

critical judgments and descriptions must represent direct, original, and first-hand reading and thought; and that

in these critical judgments and descriptions the value of it consists. Even summaries and analyses of the

matter of books, except in so far as they are necessary to criticism, come far second; while biographical and

bibliographical details are of much less importance, and may (as indeed in one way or another they generally

must) be taken at second hand. The completion of the Dictionary of National Biography has at once facilitated

the task of the writer, and to a great extent disarmed the candid critic who delights, in cases of disputed date,

to assume that the date which his author chooses is the wrong one. And I have in the main adjusted the dates

in this book (where necessary) accordingly. The bibliographical additions which have been made to the Index

will be found not inconsiderable.

I believe that, in my present plan, there is no author of importance omitted (there were not many even in the

first edition), and that I have been able somewhat to improve the book from the results of twenty years'

additional study, twelve of which have been mainly devoted to English literature. How far it must still be from

being worthy of its subject, nobody can know better than I do. But I know also, and I am very happy to know,

that, as an Elizabethan himself might have said, my unworthiness has guided many worthy ones to something

like knowledge, and to what is more important than knowledge, love, of a subject so fascinating and so

magnificent. And that the book may still have the chance of doing this, I hope to spare no trouble upon it as

often as the opportunity presents itself.[1]

EDINBURGH, January 30, 1907.

History of English Literature, by George Saintsbury 3

[1] In the last (eleventh) re-impression no alterations seemed necessary. In this, one or two bibliographical

matters may call for notice. Every student of Donne should now consult Professor Grierson's edition of the

Poems (2 vols., Oxford, 1912), and as inquiries have been made as to the third volume of my own Caroline

Poets (see Index), containing Cleveland, King, Stanley, and some less known authors, I may be permitted to

say that it has been in the press for years, and a large part of it is completed. But various stoppages, in no case

due to neglect, and latterly made absolute by the war, have prevented its appearance.--BATH, October 8,

1918.

CONTENTS

History of English Literature, by George Saintsbury 4

CHAPTER I

FROM TOTTEL'S MISCELLANY TO SPENSER

The starting-point--Tottel's Miscellany--Its method and authorship--The characteristics of its

poetry--Wyatt--Surrey--Grimald--Their metres --The stuff of their poems--The Mirror for

Magistrates--Sackville --His contributions and their characteristics--Remarks on the formal criticism of

poetry--Gascoigne--Churchyard--Tusser--Turberville-- Googe--The translators--Classical

metres--Stanyhurst--Other miscellanies Pages 1-27

CHAPTER I 5

CHAPTER II

EARLY ELIZABETHAN PROSE

Outlines of Early Elizabethan Prose--Its origins--Cheke and his contemporaries--Ascham--His

style--Miscellaneous writers--Critics-- Webbe--Puttenham--Lyly--Euphues and Euphuism--Sidney--His style

and critical principles--Hooker--Greville--Knolles--Mulcaster 28-49

CHAPTER II 6

CHAPTER III

THE FIRST DRAMATIC PERIOD

Divisions of Elizabethan Drama--Its general character--Origins--Ralph Roister Doister--Gammer Gurton's

Needle--Gorboduc--The Senecan Drama--Other early plays--The "university wits"--Their lives and

characters--Lyly (dramas)--The Marlowe group--Peele--Greene--Kyd-- Marlowe--The actor playwrights

50-81

CHAPTER III 7

CHAPTER IV

"THE FAËRIE QUEENE" AND ITS GROUP

Spenser--His life and the order of his works--The Shepherd's Calendar --The minor poems--The Faërie

Queene--Its scheme--The Spenserian stanza--Spenser's language--His general poetical qualities-- Comparison

with other English poets--His peculiar charm--The Sonneteers--Fulke

Greville--Sidney--Watson--Barnes--Giles Fletcher the

elder--Lodge--Avisa--Percy--Zepheria--Constable--Daniel--

Drayton--Alcilia--Griffin--Lynch--Smith--Barnfield--Southwell--The song and madrigal

writers--Campion--Raleigh--Dyer--Oxford, etc.-- Gifford--Howell, Grove, and others--The

historians--Warner--The larger poetical works of Daniel and Drayton--The satirists--Lodge-- Donne--The

poems of Donne generally--Hall--Marston--Guilpin--Tourneur 82-156

CHAPTER IV 8

CHAPTER V

THE SECOND DRAMATIC PERIOD--SHAKESPERE

Difficulty of writing about Shakespere--His life--His reputation in England and its history--Divisions of his

work--The Poems--The Sonnets--The Plays--Characteristics of Shakespere--Never unnatural-- His attitude to

morality--His humour--Universality of his range-- Comments on him--His manner of working--His

variety--Final remarks-- Dramatists to be grouped with Shakespere--Ben Jonson--Chapman--

Marston--Dekker 157-206

CHAPTER V 9

CHAPTER VI

LATER ELIZABETHAN AND JACOBEAN PROSE

Bacon--Raleigh--The Authorised Version--Jonson and Daniel as prose-writers--Hakluyt--The

Pamphleteers--Greene--Lodge--Harvey--Nash --Dekker--Breton--The Martin Marprelate

Controversy--Account of it, with specimens of the chief tracts 207-252

CHAPTER VI 10

CHAPTER VII

THE THIRD DRAMATIC PERIOD

Characteristics--Beaumont and Fletcher--Middleton--Webster--Heywood-- Tourneur--Day 253-288

CHAPTER VII 11

CHAPTER VIII

THE SCHOOL OF SPENSER AND THE TRIBE OF BEN

Sylvester--Davies of Hereford--Sir John Davies--Giles and Phineas Fletcher--William

Browne--Wither--Drummond--Stirling--Minor Jacobean poets--Songs from the dramatists 289-314

CHAPTER VIII 12

CHAPTER IX

MILTON, TAYLOR, CLARENDON, BROWNE, HOBBES

The quintet--Milton's life--His character--His periods of literary production--First Period, the minor

poems--The special excellences of Comus--Lycidas--Second Period, the pamphlets--Their merits and

defects--Milton's prose style--Third Period, the larger poems-- Milton's blank verse--His origins--His

comparative position--Jeremy Taylor's life--His principal works--His style--Characteristics of his thought and

manner--Sir Thomas Browne--His life, works, and editions --His literary manner--Characteristics of his style

and vocabulary-- His Latinising--Remarkable adjustment of his thought and expression-- Clarendon--His

life--Great merits of his History--Faults of his style--Hobbes--His life and works--Extraordinary strength and

clearness of his style 315-353

CHAPTER IX 13

CHAPTER X

CAROLINE POETRY

Herrick--Carew--Crashaw--Divisions of Minor Caroline poetry--Miscellanies --George

Herbert--Sandys--Vaughan--Lovelace and Suckling--Montrose--

Quarles--More--Beaumont--Habington--Chalkhill--Marmion--Kynaston--

Chamberlayne--Benlowes--Stanley--John Hall--Patrick Carey--Cleveland --Corbet--Cartwright, Sherburne,

and Brome--Cotton--The general characteristics of Caroline poetry--A defence of the Caroline poets 354-393

CHAPTER X 14

CHAPTER XI

THE FOURTH DRAMATIC PERIOD

Weakening of dramatic strength--Massinger--Ford--Shirley--Randolph--Brome

--Cokain--Glapthorne--Davenant--Suckling--Minor and anonymous plays of the Fourth and other

Periods--The Shakesperian Apocrypha 394-427

CHAPTER XI 15