Tài liệu Gmat official guide 10th edition part 8 doc

176

Choice A is best. In choice B, should is illogical after requires, or at least unnecessary, and so is better omitted;

in choices B and E, job does not agree in number with jobs; and in choices B, D, and E, the wording illogically

describes the comparable skills rather than the jobs as being "usually held by men." Choices C, D, and E

produce the ungrammatical construction requires of... employers to pay, in which of makes the phrase

incorrect. In C, the use of in rather than for is unidiomatic, and jobs of comparable skill confusedly suggests

that the jobs rather than the workers possess the skills. In D, the phrase beginning regardless ... is awkward

and wordy in addition to being illogical.

Answer to Question 110

In choices A, B, and D, the combined use of annual and a year is redundant. Choices A, D, and E are awkward

and confused because other constructions intrude within the phrase cost... of illiteracy: for greatest clarity,

cost should be followed immediately by a phrase (e.g., of illiteracy ) that identifies the nature of the cost.

Choice E is particularly garbled in reversing cause and effect, saying that it is lost output and revenues rather

than illiteracy that costs the United States over $20 billion a year. Choice B is wordy and awkward, and idiom

requires in rather than because of to introduce a phrase identifying the constituents of the $20 billion loss.

Concise, logically worded, and idiomatic, choice C is best.

Answer to Question 111

In English it is idiomatic usage to credit someone with having done something. Hence, only choice B, the best

answer, is idiomatic. The verb credited would have to be changed to regarded for choices A or D to be idiomatic,

to believed for choice C to be idiomatic, and to given credit for choice E to be idiomatic.

Answer to Question 112

Choice D, the best answer, uses the preposition than to compare two clearly specified and grammatically

parallel terms, the cars the manufacturers hope to develop and those at present on the road. In A, the phrase

more gasoline-efficient ... than presently on the road does not identify the second term of the comparison. In

B, the misuse of modifying phrases produces an ambiguous and awkward statement: even more

gasoline-efficient cars could refer either to more cars that are efficient or to cars that are more efficient.

Choices B, C, and E all use research for [verb] where the idiom requires research to [verb]. In addition, C

awkwardly separates even from more, and C and E again fail to indicate the second term of the comparison.

Answer to Question 113

Choices A, B, and C use have ... saw where have ... seen is required. Choices A, B, and E awkwardly separate

the relative clause beginning whose arms and legs ... from monkeys, the noun it modifies. Choices A and E

also confusingly use the present tense hang and the present perfect have hung, respectively; neither verb

conveys clearly that, at the time the monkeys were spotted sleeping, their arms and legs were hanging in the

manner described. Choice D, the best answer, not only forms a correct and clear sentence by supplying the

present perfect verb have ... seen, but also solves the problem of the whose ... clause by using the

appropriately placed adverbial phrase with arms and legs hanging... to modify sleeping.

Answer to Question 114

Choice E, the best answer, states that although the canoe could transport cargo of considerable weight, it was

light: a canoe . . . which could carry . . . yet was . . . light.... Here, the conjunction yet is appropriately and

correctly used to link two verb phrases. Choices A and B do not use yet with a verb parallel to could carry and

177

thus fail to express this contrast. Furthermore, both place adjectival constructions after baggage, illogically

stating that the eight hundred pounds of baggage, rather than the canoe, was light. Choice C supplies yet but

ungrammatically uses the participle being where was is required. Similarly, D omits the necessary verb after

and; and here again, the use of and rather than yet fails to express the contrast.

Answer to Question 115

Choice B, the best answer, correctly uses the construction between x and y to describe the conflict between two

opposing groups. Choices A and C each use the ungrammatical between x with y. Choices D and E incorrectly

use the preposition among in place of between: among is used to describe the relationship of more than two

elements, as in "the tension among residents"; between is generally used to describe the relationship of two

entities. Choice E also repeats the with error.

Answer to Question 116

Choice E, the best answer, correctly uses the construction is better served by x than by y and supplies the

proper singular pronoun, it, to refer to religion. Choices A and B complete the construction beginning better

served by x... unidiomatically, with instead of by y and rather than y. Also in B, them does not agree with its

logical referent, religion. Choice C repeats the unidiomatic instead construction; in addition, such is preferable

to these for presenting examples or instances. Choice D repeats the errors with rather than and them.

Answer to Question 117

Choice D, the best answer, correctly uses an infinitive to connect the verb claims with the firm's assertion:

claims to be able ... to assess .... All of the other choices use ungrammatical or unclear constructions after

claims. Choices A and B present clauses that should be introduced by "claims that." In A, placing that after

sample rather than after claims produces the unintended statement that the claim itself is made on the basis of

a single one-page writing sample. Also, in B, the ability of assessing is unidiomatic. Choice C repeats this

second fault and uses the unidiomatic claims the ability. Choice E uses the ungrammatical claims being able

to assess.

Answer to Question 118

Choice B, the best answer, correctly uses the construction more fragile ... than to compare the economic bases

of private Black colleges with those of most predominantly White colleges. Choice A fails to supply a phrase

like those of, thus illogically comparing the Black colleges' economic bases to predominantly White colleges.

Similarly, in C than is so of does not clearly identify the second term of the comparison and is unnecessarily

wordy. Like A, D makes an illogical comparison between bases and colleges, and both D and E use the

unidiomatic and redundant more ... compared to.

Answer to Question 119

Choice B, the best answer, uses clear and concise phrasing to state that it is the effects of drug and alcohol

abuse that already cost business the sum mentioned. In A, to business is awkwardly and confusingly

inserted between cost and the prepositional phrase that modifies it, and are already a cost to business is

wordy and awkward compared to cost business. In C, already with business costs of... is awkward and

unclear, failing to specify that those prior effects generate the cost. Choices D and E produce faulty

constructions with the phrase significant in compounding, which cannot grammatically modify the verb form is

growing.