Tài liệu Game Changers - Education and Information Technologies ppt

Informati o n

Educati on and

Te chnolog ies

Edited by diana G. oblinger

Game Changers

Changers

Game

Game Changers

Informati o n

Educati on and

Te chnolog ies

Edited by diana G. oblinger

Game Changers: Education and Information Technologies

© 2012 EDUCAUSE

This book is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs

3.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Authors retain the

copyright to their individual contributions, which are released under the same Creative

Commons license except as noted.

For more information or for permission requests, please visit educause.edu/copyright.

This book is available in its entirety on the EDUCAUSE website, at educause.edu/books.

ISBN 978-1-933046-00-6

FROM THE EDITOR

I would like to thank the many people who made this book possible, particularly

Gregory Dobbin for managing the project and Karen Mateer for her research.

—Diana G. Oblinger

EDUCAUSE is a nonprofit association and the foremost community of IT leaders and

professionals committed to advancing higher education. EDUCAUSE programs and ser￾vices are focused on analysis, advocacy, community building, professional development,

and knowledge creation because IT plays a transformative role in higher education.

EDUCAUSE supports those who lead, manage, and use information technology through

a comprehensive range of resources and activities. educause.edu

Game Changers: Education and Information Technologies is published by EDUCAUSE,

with generous support from Ellucian.

Cover and interior design by Michael Brady Design (michaelbradydesign.com).

Game Changers: Education and Information Technologies

Today’s knowledge revolution isn’t about how much information is available. It’s

about how fast knowledge can travel through vast, connected networks of people—and

how it can grow exponentially.

Ten years ago we knew that technology would change the face of education, and

we were just beginning to imagine the ways. Today, learning can happen anywhere.

More people, with increasingly diverse needs, are seeking education, and almost every

country is promoting greater access to education. At a time when educational attain￾ment is a global priority, the need to reimagine the education experience has never

been greater.

Game Changers: Education and Information Technologies explores the tools and

processes that can improve the quality, flexibility, and scalability of postsecondary ed￾ucation. The book takes a hard look at the education landscape today and asks what

that landscape might look like tomorrow. It asks important questions and pushes us

to open our minds about how technology will shape the universe of possibility for to￾morrow’s students.

• How will your institution negotiate the new geography of learning? Technolo￾gies are reshaping how people learn and connect, and people are connecting

to a global learning network previously inconceivable.

• In a world where information is always accessible, how will teaching and

learning change? Learning is no longer bound by classrooms, libraries, or even

instructors. Online tools make resources available to learners everywhere.

Open-source learning can reach thousands of learners in nontraditional ways.

• What will constitute an institution of higher education in the future? More

and more, competencies, not credit hours, determine credentials. A degree is

no longer the only indicator of success. How we understand and assess learning

is changing. Portfolios will augment standard assessment tools.

• How do we ready our institutions, our students, and ourselves for what higher

education can—and must—become? Many institutions are piloting innovative

models for education, and the entire community can benefit from the lessons

learned.

These are questions that we at Ellucian ask ourselves every day as we work to help

more than 2,300 colleges, universities, state systems, and foundations around the globe

thrive in today’s dynamic world. We value our collaborative and long-standing relation￾ships with EDUCAUSE and the amazing community that makes it strong. Working to￾gether, our collective intelligence will help shape the future of education.

Ellucian is proud to sponsor this book and support ongoing efforts to help higher

education meet the challenges of today and those of tomorrow.

John F. Speer III, President and CEO, Ellucian

vii

Contents

Foreword xi

Molly Corbett Broad

Game Changers

Introduction 3

Diana G. Oblinger

Chapter 1

The Knowledge Economy: Challenges and Opportunities for

American Higher Education 9

Paul E. Lingenfelter

Chapter 2

The Questions We Need to Ask First: Setting Priorities for Higher

Education in Our Technology-Rich World 25

Debra Humphreys

Chapter 3

IT as a Game Changer 37

Diana G. Oblinger

Chapter 4

From Metrics to Analytics, Reporting to Action: Analytics’ Role in

Changing the Learning Environment 53

Linda Baer and John Campbell

Chapter 5

IT Innovations and the Nontraditional Learner 67

Pamela Tate and Rebecca Klein-Collins

Game Changers: Education and IT

Chapter 6

Why Openness in Education? 81

David Wiley and Cable Green

Chapter 7

Early Days of a Growing Trend: Nonprofit/For-Profit Academic

Partnerships in Higher Education 91

Daniel Pianko and Josh Jarrett

Chapter 8

Scaling Up: Four Ideas to Increase College Completion 105

Vernon C. Smith

Chapter 9

Western Governors University 115

Robert W. Mendenhall

Chapter 10

University of Phoenix 133

William (Bill) Pepicello

Chapter 11

SUNY Empire State College: A Game Changer in Open Learning 145

Meg Benke, Alan Davis, and Nan L. Travers

Chapter 12

Athabasca University: Canada’s Open University 159

Dietmar Kennepohl, Cindy Ives, and Brian Stewart

Chapter 13

Providing Quality Higher Education for Adults 175

Susan C. Aldridge

Chapter 14

University of the People 187

Shai Reshef

Chapter 15

The Open Learning Initiative: Enacting Instruction Online 201

Ross Strader and Candace Thille

Chapter 16

The Postmodality Era: How “Online Learning” Is Becoming “Learning” 215

Thomas B. Cavanagh

Chapter 17

Going the Distance: Outsourcing Online Learning 229

Susan E. Metros and Joan Falkenberg Getman

viii

Game Changers: Education and IT

Case Studies

Case STUDY 1

Royal Roads University: Using Synchronous Web Conferencing

to Maintain Community at a Distance 255

Mary Burgess

Case STUDY 2

The Open Course Library of the Washington State Colleges 259

Tom Caswell

Case STUDY 3

Austin Peay State University: Degree Compass 263

Tristan Denley

Case STUDY 4

Yakima Valley Community College: Using Near-Real-Time Data

to Increase Student Success 269

Wilma Dulin, Sheila Delquadri, and Nicole M. Melander

Case StudY 5

Ball State University 275

Jo Ann Gora

Case STUDY 6

Mozilla Open Badges 279

Erin Knight and Carla Casilli

Case STUDY 7

STAR: Using Technology to Enhance the Academic Journey 285

Erika Lacro and Gary Rodwell

Case STUDY 8

OpenCourseWare 291

Mary Lou Forward

Case STUDY 9

The Open University of Hong Kong: The i-Counseling System 301

Chun Ming Leung and Eva Tsang

Case STUDY 10

Central Piedmont Community College: Online Student Profile

Learning System 305

Clint McElroy

Case STUDY 11

The CHANCE Program in China: Transforming Students into

“Global-Minded” Scientific Investigators and Citizens 313

Jacqueline McLaughlin

ix

Game Changers: Education and IT

case study 12

Georgetown University: Web Conferencing—A Critical Skill for the

Connected World 321

Pablo G. Molina

Case STUDY 13

Blended Learning and New Education Logistics in Northern Sweden 327

Anders Norberg

Case STUDY 14

Valencia College: LifeMap and Atlas—Planning for Success 331

Joyce C. Romano and Bill White

Case STUDY 15

The Saylor.org Model 337

Jennifer Shoop

Case STUDY 16

Penn State World Campus: Ensuring Success, Not Just Access 343

Wayne Smutz and Craig D. Weidemann

case study 17

Stories in Our Classrooms: A Faculty Community of Practice

as an Agent of Change 349

Beverly Bickel, William Shewbridge, and Jack Suess

Case STUDY 18

Kansas State University: Creating a Virtual Faculty Consortium 355

Elizabeth A. Unger

Case STUDY 19

CS50 at Harvard: “The Most Rewarding Class I Have Taken . . . Ever!” 361

Katie Vale

Case STUDY 20

Transforming Education with Research That Makes a Difference 369

J. D. Walker, Charles D. Dziuban, and Patsy D. Moskal

case study 21

Shaping the Path to Digital: The Indiana University eText Initiative 373

Brad Wheeler and Nik Osborne

Index 381

x

xi

Among the many strengths of higher education, the ones most fre￾quently mentioned are the roles played by its mission that yield value to society

and help create the future. Realistically, our institutions may place more em￾phasis on one element of higher education’s mission—research or teaching or

outreach—over another; support different types of students; and serve different

geographic areas as well as local, regional, or national constituencies. And some

focus on the liberal arts, others on sciences and engineering. The strength of

American higher education is found in this rich diversity.

Over time, the diversification within higher education has expanded with

the creation of new types of institutions such as land-grant universities and

community colleges. In recent years, physical campuses have been increasingly

augmented by online offerings. The majority of today’s students may be la￾beled as “nontraditional,” with no single definition of what that term indicates.

Some are adults who have not graduated from high school. Others seek an

education but lack confidence and do not have the required foundational skills

in English and/or mathematics. Some have no clear path to or through their

education. However, the numbers are clear. No matter how well we do today,

we must serve more of all types of students—and serve them more effective￾ly—if we are to reach our national goals for education.

This book helps those in higher education explore important questions

through ideas that we might incorporate as we prepare for the next genera￾tions of students. While we honor our history—remembering that much of the

power of higher education is in its tradition of critical inquiry—we must not

shy away from questioning some time-honored practices and previously held

assumptions. Let us consider:

Foreword

© 2012 Molly Corbett Broad

Game Changers: Education and IT

• Cognitive science and recent research about the human brain are giving

us new insights into how students learn. Can we ensure our education￾al system is flexible, incorporates new approaches in line with the way

we learn, and adapts its organizational structures to the needs of the

learner rather than constraining the learner’s options?

• What new models currently exist and what models can we create that

better serve our students as individual learners as well as society as a

whole? And can we celebrate the creation of new models that serve

unique needs without having qualms about the differences?

• Today we have tools that were virtually unknown a few years ago.

Which of these are most promising in the digital world our institutions

helped produce? Given these tools, are there foundational competen￾cies that can be mastered through multiple means?

• What can we learn from disruptive change in other sectors? Do we

have the leadership that pushes us to think and act differently to

achieve our goals?

• If we were to reset or reinvent higher education for the future, what

would we continue, discontinue, or change?

The needs of our society are clear. Quality education, broadly available,

is an imperative. It is not enough to open the doors to more learners—we

must do more to help them achieve the education and preparation they seek

and that today’s world demands. Currently, our aspirations are greater than

our accomplishments. We must ensure we are not overlooking options from

which we have previously turned away or that we failed to explore. Higher

education fosters creative insights and innovative questioning, and the contrib￾utors to this book offer a range of models and a wealth of examples to help

us think outside our comfort zone. These models can serve as a starting point

for exploring game changers that will strengthen the learning experience for

students and the institutions of higher education that serve them, ultimately

enriching our society.

We are justifiably proud of our unique and diverse system of higher ed￾ucation. We must also have the humility to know that it can be even better.

The game changer we need may depend on how well we expand access and

improve attainment through the intelligent use of information technology to

enhance learning. Many are looking to our colleges and universities for the

answers; their future is up to us.

Molly Corbett Broad

xii

Changers

Game