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Check Point QoS
Administration Guide
Version NGX R65
700726 March 2007
© 2003-2007 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd.
All rights reserved. This product and related documentation are protected by copyright and distributed under licensing restricting their use, copying,
distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or related documentation may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior written
authorization of Check Point. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, Check Point assumes no responsibility for errors or
omissions. This publication and features described herein are subject to change without notice.
RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND:
Use, duplication, or disclosure by the government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer
Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 and FAR 52.227-19.
TRADEMARKS:
©2003-2007 Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved. Check Point, AlertAdvisor, Application Intelligence, Check Point Express, Check Point
Express CI, the Check Point logo, ClusterXL, Confidence Indexing, ConnectControl, Connectra, Connectra Accelerator Card, Cooperative Enforcement,
Cooperative Security Alliance, CoSa, DefenseNet, Dynamic Shielding Architecture, Eventia, Eventia Analyzer, Eventia Reporter, Eventia Suite, FireWall-1,
FireWall-1 GX, FireWall-1 SecureServer, FloodGate-1, Hacker ID, Hybrid Detection Engine, IMsecure, INSPECT, INSPECT XL, Integrity, Integrity Clientless
Security, Integrity SecureClient, InterSpect, IPS-1, IQ Engine, MailSafe, NG, NGX, Open Security Extension, OPSEC, OSFirewall, Policy Lifecycle Management,
Provider-1, Safe@Home, Safe@Office, SecureClient, SecureClient Mobile, SecureKnowledge, SecurePlatform, SecurePlatform Pro, SecuRemote, SecureServer,
SecureUpdate, SecureXL, SecureXL Turbocard, Sentivist, SiteManager-1, SmartCenter, SmartCenter Express, SmartCenter Power, SmartCenter Pro,
SmartCenter UTM, SmartConsole, SmartDashboard, SmartDefense, SmartDefense Advisor, Smarter Security, SmartLSM, SmartMap, SmartPortal,
SmartUpdate, SmartView, SmartView Monitor, SmartView Reporter, SmartView Status, SmartViewTracker, SofaWare, SSL Network Extender, Stateful Clustering,
TrueVector, Turbocard, UAM, UserAuthority, User-to-Address Mapping, VPN-1, VPN-1 Accelerator Card, VPN-1 Edge, VPN-1 Express, VPN-1 Express CI, VPN1 Power, VPN-1 Power VSX, VPN-1 Pro, VPN-1 SecureClient, VPN-1 SecuRemote, VPN-1 SecureServer, VPN-1 UTM, VPN-1 UTM Edge, VPN-1 VSX, Web
Intelligence, ZoneAlarm, ZoneAlarm Anti-Spyware, ZoneAlarm Antivirus, ZoneAlarm Internet Security Suite, ZoneAlarm Pro, ZoneAlarm Secure Wireless Router,
Zone Labs, and the Zone Labs logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Check Point Software Technologies Ltd. or its affiliates. ZoneAlarm is a Check
Point Software Technologies, Inc. Company. All other product names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The
products described in this document are protected by U.S. Patent No. 5,606,668, 5,835,726, 6,496,935, 6,873,988, and 6,850,943 and may be protected by
other U.S. Patents, foreign patents, or pending applications.
For third party notices, see: THIRD PARTY TRADEMARKS AND COPYRIGHTS.
Table of Contents 5
Contents
Preface Who Should Use This Guide.............................................................................. 10
Summary of Contents....................................................................................... 11
Appendices ................................................................................................ 11
Related Documentation .................................................................................... 12
More Information............................................................................................. 15
Feedback ........................................................................................................ 16
Chapter 1 Overview
What is Quality of Service................................................................................. 18
Internet Bandwidth Management Technologies ................................................... 19
Overview .................................................................................................... 19
Superior QoS Solution Requirements ............................................................ 19
Benefits of a Policy-Based Solution .............................................................. 20
How Does Check Point Deliver QoS.................................................................... 21
Features and Benefits ...................................................................................... 23
Traditional Check Point QoS vs. Check Point QoS Express ................................... 24
Workflow......................................................................................................... 26
Chapter 2 Introduction to Check Point QoS
Check Point QoS’s Innovative Technology........................................................... 30
Technology Overview ................................................................................... 31
Check Point QoS Architecture ........................................................................... 33
Basic Architecture ...................................................................................... 33
Check Point QoS Configuration..................................................................... 35
Concurrent Sessions.................................................................................... 38
Interaction with VPN-1Pro and VPN-1 Net ......................................................... 39
Interoperability ........................................................................................... 39
Chapter 3 Basic QoS Policy Management
Overview ......................................................................................................... 42
Rule Base Management.................................................................................... 43
Overview .................................................................................................... 43
Connection Classification............................................................................. 44
Network Objects ......................................................................................... 44
Services and Resources ............................................................................... 45
Time Objects.............................................................................................. 45
Bandwidth Allocation and Rules................................................................... 45
Default Rule............................................................................................... 47
QoS Action Properties ................................................................................. 47
Example of a Rule Matching VPN Traffic....................................................... 48
Bandwidth Allocation and Sub-Rules ............................................................ 49
6
Implementing the Rule Base............................................................................. 51
To Verify and View the QoS Policy ................................................................ 51
To Install and Enforce the Policy.................................................................. 51
To Uninstall the QoS Policy ......................................................................... 52
To Monitor the QoS Policy ........................................................................... 52
Chapter 4 Check Point QoS Tutorial
Introduction .................................................................................................... 54
Building and Installing a QoS Policy.................................................................. 56
Step 1: Installing Check Point Modules......................................................... 57
Step 2: Starting SmartDashboard ................................................................. 57
To Start SmartDashboard............................................................................. 58
Step 3: Determining QoS Policy ................................................................... 61
Step 4: Defining the Network Objects ........................................................... 61
To Define the Gateway London..................................................................... 62
To Define the Interfaces on Gateway London ................................................. 66
To Define the QoS Properties for the Interfaces on Gateway London................. 72
Step 5: Defining the Services....................................................................... 73
Step 6: Creating a Rule Base ....................................................................... 73
To Create a New Policy Package................................................................... 74
To Create a New Rules ................................................................................ 75
To Modify New Rules .................................................................................. 76
Step 7: Installing a QoS Policy..................................................................... 82
Conclusion...................................................................................................... 84
Chapter 5 Advanced QoS Policy Management
Overview ......................................................................................................... 86
Examples: Guarantees and Limits...................................................................... 87
Per Rule Guarantees ................................................................................... 87
Per Connections Guarantees ........................................................................ 90
Limits........................................................................................................ 91
Guarantee - Limit Interaction ....................................................................... 91
Differentiated Services (DiffServ) ...................................................................... 93
Overview .................................................................................................... 93
DiffServ Markings for IPSec Packets............................................................. 93
Interaction Between DiffServ Rules and Other Rules ...................................... 94
Low Latency Queuing ....................................................................................... 95
Overview .................................................................................................... 95
Low Latency Classes ................................................................................... 95
Interaction between Low Latency and Other Rule Properties.......................... 100
When to Use Low Latency Queuing............................................................. 101
Low Latency versus DiffServ....................................................................... 102
Authenticated QoS......................................................................................... 103
Citrix MetaFrame Support............................................................................... 104
Overview .................................................................................................. 104
Limitations............................................................................................... 105
Load Sharing................................................................................................. 106
Overview .................................................................................................. 106
Table of Contents 7
Check Point QoS Cluster Infrastructure ....................................................... 107
Chapter 6 Managing Check Point QoS
Defining QoS Global Properties ....................................................................... 112
To Modify the QoS Global Properties........................................................... 112
Specifying Interface QoS Properties................................................................. 114
To Define the Interface QoS Properties ....................................................... 114
Editing QoS Rule Bases.................................................................................. 118
To Create a New Policy Package................................................................. 118
To Open an Existing Policy Package............................................................ 119
To Add a Rule .......................................................................................... 119
To Rename a Rule .................................................................................... 121
To Copy, Cut or Paste a Rule...................................................................... 121
To Delete a Rule....................................................................................... 122
Modifying Rules............................................................................................. 123
Modifying Sources in a Rule ...................................................................... 123
Modifying Destinations in a Rule ................................................................ 126
Modifying Services in a Rule...................................................................... 128
Modifying Rule Actions.............................................................................. 130
Modifying Tracking for a Rule .................................................................... 135
Modifying Install On for a Rule................................................................... 135
Modifying Time in a Rule........................................................................... 138
Adding Comments to a Rule....................................................................... 140
Defining Sub-Rules........................................................................................ 142
Working with Differentiated Services (DiffServ) ................................................. 144
To Define a DiffServ Class of Service .......................................................... 145
To Define a DiffServ Class of Service Group................................................. 146
To Add QoS Class Properties for Expedited Forwarding ................................. 147
To Add QoS Class Properties for Non Expedited Forwarding .......................... 148
Working with Low Latency Classes................................................................... 150
To Implement Low Latency Queuing ........................................................... 150
To Define Low Latency Classes of Service.................................................... 151
To Define Class of Service Properties for Low Latency Queuing...................... 151
Working with Authenticated QoS ..................................................................... 153
To Use Authenticated QoS......................................................................... 153
Managing QoS for Citrix ICA Applications......................................................... 155
Disabling Session Sharing.......................................................................... 155
Modifying your Security Policy ................................................................... 156
Discovering Citrix ICA Application Names.................................................... 157
Defining a New Citrix TCP Service .............................................................. 160
Adding a Citrix TCP Service to a Rule (Traditional Mode Only)....................... 161
Installing the Security and QoS Policies...................................................... 161
Managing QoS for Citrix Printing ..................................................................... 162
Configuring a Citrix Printing Rule (Traditional Mode Only)............................. 162
Configuring Check Point QoS Topology........................................................ 163
Viewing the Check Point QoS Modules Status ................................................... 164
To Display the Status of Check Point QoS Modules Controlled by the SmartCenter
Server ................................................................................................... 164
8
Enabling Log Collection.................................................................................. 165
To Turn on QoS Logging ............................................................................ 165
To Confirm that the Rule is Marked for Logging ........................................... 166
To Start SmartView Tracker........................................................................ 167
Chapter 7 SmartView Tracker
Overview of Logging ....................................................................................... 170
Examples of Log Events.................................................................................. 174
Connection Reject Log .............................................................................. 174
LLQ Drop Log........................................................................................... 174
Pool Exceeded Log.................................................................................... 175
Examples of Account Statistics Logs................................................................ 177
General Statistics Data.............................................................................. 177
Drop Policy Statistics Data......................................................................... 178
LLQ Statistics Data................................................................................... 178
Chapter 8 Command Line Interface
Check Point QoS Commands........................................................................... 180
Setup ........................................................................................................... 181
fgate Menu ................................................................................................... 182
Control ......................................................................................................... 183
Monitor......................................................................................................... 185
Utilities ........................................................................................................ 187
Chapter 9 Check Point QoS FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
Questions and Answers................................................................................... 190
Introduction ............................................................................................. 190
Check Point QoS Basics ............................................................................ 191
Other Check Point Products - Support and Management ............................... 194
Policy Creation ......................................................................................... 195
Capacity Planning..................................................................................... 196
Protocol Support....................................................................................... 197
Installation/Backward Compatibility/Licensing/Versions................................. 198
How do I? ................................................................................................ 198
General Issues.......................................................................................... 199
Chapter 10 Deploying Check Point QoS
Deploying Check Point QoS............................................................................. 202
Check Point QoS Topology Restrictions ....................................................... 202
Sample Bandwidth Allocations........................................................................ 204
Frame Relay Network ................................................................................ 204
Appendix A Debug Flags
fw ctl debug -m FG-1 Error Codes for Check Point QoS...................................... 208
Index.......................................................................................................... 217
9
Preface P Preface
In This Chapter
Who Should Use This Guide page 10
Summary of Contents page 11
Related Documentation page 12
More Information page 15
Feedback page 16
Who Should Use This Guide
10
Who Should Use This Guide
This guide is intended for administrators responsible for maintaining network
security within an enterprise, including policy management and user support.
This guide assumes a basic understanding of
• System administration.
• The underlying operating system.
• Internet protocols (IP, TCP, UDP etc.).
Summary of Contents
Preface 11
Summary of Contents
This guide describes QoS components and contains the following chapters and
appendices.
Appendices
This guide contains the following appendices
Table A-1
Chapter Description
Chapter 1, “Overview” presents an overview of Quality of Service and
how it is delivered by Check Point QoS.
Chapter 2, “Introduction to
Check Point QoS”
presents an overview of QoS, including
technologies and architecture.
Chapter 3, “Basic QoS Policy
Management”
describes how to manage a basic FloodGate-1
QoS Policy Rule Base.
Chapter 4, “Check Point QoS
Tutorial”
is a short tutorial describing how to define a QoS
Policy.
Chapter 5, “Advanced QoS
Policy Management”
describes the more advanced policy management
features of Check Point QoS that enable you to
refine basic QoS policies.
Chapter 6, “Managing Check
Point QoS”
describes how to manage QoS, including
modifying and changing policies and rules.
Chapter 7, “SmartView
Tracker”
describes the features and tools that are
available for monitoring Check Point QoS.
Chapter 8, “Command Line
Interface”
discusses how to work with Check Point QoS via
the Command Line.
Chapter 9, “Check Point QoS
FAQ (Frequently Asked
Questions)”
a compilation of frequently asked questions and
their answers.
Chapter 10, “Deploying
Check Point QoS”
Describes how to deploy Check Point QoS and
provides sample bandwidth allocations.
Table A-2
Appendix Description
Appendix A, “Debug Flags” contains a list of debugging error codes.
Related Documentation
12
Related Documentation
The NGX R65 release includes the following documentation
TABLE P-1 VPN-1 Power documentation suite documentation
Title Description
Internet Security Product
Suite Getting Started
Guide
Contains an overview of NGX R65 and step by step
product installation and upgrade procedures. This
document also provides information about What’s
New, Licenses, Minimum hardware and software
requirements, etc.
Upgrade Guide Explains all available upgrade paths for Check Point
products from VPN-1/FireWall-1 NG forward. This
guide is specifically geared towards upgrading to
NGX R65.
SmartCenter
Administration Guide
Explains SmartCenter Management solutions. This
guide provides solutions for control over
configuring, managing, and monitoring security
deployments at the perimeter, inside the network, at
all user endpoints.
Firewall and
SmartDefense
Administration Guide
Describes how to control and secure network
access; establish network connectivity; use
SmartDefense to protect against network and
application level attacks; use Web Intelligence to
protect web servers and applications; the integrated
web security capabilities; use Content Vectoring
Protocol (CVP) applications for anti-virus protection,
and URL Filtering (UFP) applications for limiting
access to web sites; secure VoIP traffic.
Virtual Private Networks
Administration Guide
This guide describes the basic components of a
VPN and provides the background for the
technology that comprises the VPN infrastructure.
Related Documentation
Preface 13
Eventia Reporter
Administration Guide
Explains how to monitor and audit traffic, and
generate detailed or summarized reports in the
format of your choice (list, vertical bar, pie chart
etc.) for all events logged by Check Point VPN-1
Power, SecureClient and SmartDefense.
SecurePlatform™/
SecurePlatform Pro
Administration Guide
Explains how to install and configure
SecurePlatform. This guide will also teach you how
to manage your SecurePlatform machine and
explains Dynamic Routing (Unicast and Multicast)
protocols.
Provider-1/SiteManager-1
Administration Guide
Explains the Provider-1/SiteManager-1 security
management solution. This guide provides details
about a three-tier, multi-policy management
architecture and a host of Network Operating Center
oriented features that automate time-consuming
repetitive tasks common in Network Operating
Center environments.
TABLE P-2 Integrity Server documentation
Title Description
Integrity Advanced
Server Installation
Guide
Explains how to install, configure, and maintain the
Integrity Advanced Server.
Integrity Advanced
Server Administrator
Console Reference
Provides screen-by-screen descriptions of user
interface elements, with cross-references to relevant
chapters of the Administrator Guide. This document
contains an overview of Administrator Console
navigation, including use of the help system.
Integrity Advanced
Server Administrator
Guide
Explains how to managing administrators and
endpoint security with Integrity Advanced Server.
Integrity Advanced
Server Gateway
Integration Guide
Provides information about how to integrating your
Virtual Private Network gateway device with Integrity
Advanced Server. This guide also contains information
regarding deploying the unified SecureClient/Integrity
client package.
TABLE P-1 VPN-1 Power documentation suite documentation (continued)
Title Description
Related Documentation
14
Integrity Advanced
Server System
Requirements
Provides information about client and server
requirements.
Integrity Agent for Linux
Installation and
Configuration Guide
Explains how to install and configure Integrity Agent
for Linux.
Integrity XML Policy
Reference Guide
Provides the contents of Integrity client XML policy
files.
Integrity Client
Management Guide
Explains how to use of command line parameters to
control Integrity client installer behavior and
post-installation behavior.
TABLE P-2 Integrity Server documentation (continued)
Title Description
More Information
Preface 15
More Information • For additional technical information about Check Point products, consult Check
Point’s SecureKnowledge at https://secureknowledge.checkpoint.com/.
• See the latest version of this document in the User Center at
http://www.checkpoint.com/support/technical/documents