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Canadian Guidelines for

Sexual Health

Education

Our mission is to promote and protect the health of Canadians through

leadership, partnership, innovation and action in public health.

Public Health Agency of Canada

Published by authority of the Minister of Health.

Revised Edition of the 2003 Canadian Guidelines for

Sexual Health Education

This publication can be made available in alternative formats upon

request, and can also be found on the Internet at the following

address: www.publichealth.gc.ca/sti

Disponible en français sous le titre:

Lignes directrices canadiennes pour l’education en matière

de santé sexuelle

Correspondence:

Sexual Health & Sexually Transmitted Infections Section

Community Acquired Infections Division

Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control

Infectious Disease and Emergency Preparedness Branch

Public Health Agency of Canada

Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9

Fax: (613) 957-0381

Email: [email protected]

© HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN IN RIGHT OF CANADA (2008)

Catalogue number: HP40-25/2008E

ISBN: 978-0-662-48083-9

Canadian Guidelines for

Sexual Health

Education

Table of Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Goals and Objectives of the Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

How to Use the Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Individuals and Organizations Who May Benefi t from the Guidelines . . . . . . .3

Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Health Promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Health Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Sexuality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Sexual Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Sexual Health Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Sexual Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Exploring Sexual Health and Sexual Health Education . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

The Social Construction of Sexual Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Goals of Sexual Health Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Recognizing and Meeting Diverse Needs in Sexual Health Education . . . . . . .8

Developing a Broad Framework for Sexual Health Education . . . . . . 11

Philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Elements of Sexual Health Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Figure 1. Elements of Sexual Health Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Knowledge Acquisition and Understanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Motivation and Personal Insight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Skills that Support Sexual Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Environments Conducive to Sexual Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Guiding Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Principle 1:

Accessible sexual health education for all Canadians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Principle 2:

Comprehensiveness of sexual health education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Principle 3:

Effectiveness of educational approaches and methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Principle 4:

Training and Administrative Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Principle 5:

Program Planning, Evaluation, Updating and Social Development . . . . . . . .32

Theory and Research in Sexual Health Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Theoretical Models to Guide Effective Sexual Health Education . . . . . . . . . . .34

Integrating Theory into Practice: Utilizing the IMB Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Figure 2. The IMB Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Appendix A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Examples of Criteria to use in Assessing Programs in Relation to the

Guidelines’ Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Appendix B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Terms and Defi nitions . . . . . . . . . . . .51

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

The Canadian Guidelines for Sexual Health

Education, 2008 Edition, is based on the

2003 Edition, however, comments from

a national evaluation survey that was

undertaken in Fall 2007 as well as input from

external reviewers have been incorporated.

Among other changes, these Guidelines

have incorporated recent evidence-based

literature and have been written using

language that is more inclusive of Canada’s

diverse populations.

1

The fi rst Canadian Guidelines for Sexual

Health Education (Guidelines) were

published in 1994 and were later revised in

2003. Both editions of the Guidelines were

developed with the expertise of professionals

in various areas of sexual health, including

education, public health, women’s issues,

health promotion, medicine, nursing, social

work, and psychology. The Guidelines are

grounded on evidence-based research

placed within a Canadian context.

Preface

The revisions to this document were made

possible through the valuable input provided

by experts working in the fi eld of sexual health

education and promotion across Canada,

including the members of the Sexual Health

Working Group of the Joint Consortium for

School Health.

In addition, the Public Health Agency of

Canada would like to acknowledge the

staff of the Sexual Health and Sexually

Transmitted Infections (STI) Section, Centre

for Communicable Diseases and Infection

Control for their contribution to the revisions

of this document.

The Canadian Guidelines for Sexual Health

Education would not exist without the efforts,

knowledge and expertise of those involved

in the development of the 1994 and 2003

editions. A complete list of the coordinators,

working group members and contributors

from all editions of the Guidelines can be

found online at: www.publichealth.gc.ca/sti.

The Public Health Agency of Canada would

like to acknowledge and thank the individuals

who volunteered their time to review and

contribute to the Canadian Guidelines for

Sexual Health Education, 2008 edition.

Acknowledgements