Tài liệu AutoCAD 2008 McFarlane Beginning AutoCAD ISBN 0 340 58571 4 doc

Beginning

AutoCAD 2002

AutoCAD2002_prelims 14/06/2002 19:02 Page i

Other titles from Bob McFarlane

Beginning AutoCAD ISBN 0 340 58571 4

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Introducing 3D AutoCAD ISBN 0 340 61456 0

Solid Modelling with AutoCAD ISBN 0 340 63204 6

Assignments in AutoCAD ISBN 0 340 69181 6

Starting with AutoCAD LT ISBN 0 340 62543 0

Advancing with AutoCAD LT ISBN 0 340 64579 2

3D Draughting using AutoCAD ISBN 0 340 67782 1

Beginning AutoCAD R13 for Windows ISBN 0 340 64572 5

Advancing with AutoCAD R13 for Windows ISBN 0 340 69187 5

Modelling with AutoCAD R13 for Windows ISBN 0 340 69251 0

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Beginning AutoCAD R14 for Windows NT and Windows 95 ISBN 0 340 72017 4

Advancing with AutoCAD R14 for Windows NT and Windows 95 ISBN 0 340 74053 1

Modelling with AutoCAD R14 for Windows NT and Windows 95 ISBN 0 340 73161 3

An Introduction to AEC 5.1 with AutoCAD R14 ISBN 0 340 74185 6

AutoCAD2002_prelims 17/06/2002 15:16 Page ii

Beginning

AutoCAD 2002

Bob McFarlane

MSc, BSc, ARCST,

CEng, FIED, RCADDes

MIMechE, MIEE, MIMgt, MBCS, MCSD

Curriculum Manager CAD and New Media, Motherwell College,

Autodesk Educational Developer

OXFORD AMSTERDAM BOSTON LONDON NEW YORK PARIS

SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO

AutoCAD2002_prelims 14/06/2002 19:02 Page iii

Butterworth-Heinemann

An imprint of Elsevier Science

Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP

225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041

First published 2002

Copyright © 2002, R. McFarlane. All rights reserved

The right of Bob McFarlane to be identified as the author of this work has

been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including

photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or

not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without

the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the

provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms

of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham

Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright

holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication

should be addressed to the publisher

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

ISBN 0 7506 5610 7

Produced and typeset by Gray Publishing, Tunbridge Wells, Kent

Printed and bound in Great Britain by Bath Press, Avon

For information on all Butterworth-Heinemann

publications visit our website at www.bh.com

AutoCAD2002_prelims 14/06/2002 19:02 Page iv

Contents

Preface vii

Chapter 1 What’s new in AutoCAD 2002 1

Chapter 2 System requirements and installation 3

Chapter 3 Using the book 5

Chapter 4 AutoCAD 2002 graphics screen 6

Chapter 5 Drawing, erasing and the selection set 19

Chapter 6 The 2D drawing aids 30

Chapter 7 Saving and opening drawings 35

Chapter 8 Standard sheet 1 42

Chapter 9 Line creation and coordinate entry 44

Chapter 10 Circle creation 52

Chapter 11 Object snap 56

Chapter 12 Arc, donut and ellipse creation 66

Chapter 13 Layers and standard sheet 2 71

Chapter 14 User exercise 1 85

Chapter 15 Fillet and chamfer 87

Chapter 16 Offset, extend, trim and change commands 92

Chapter 17 User exercise 2 102

Chapter 18 Text 104

Chapter 19 Dimensioning 111

Chapter 20 Dimension styles 1 118

Chapter 21 Modifying objects 129

Chapter 22 Grips 141

Chapter 23 Drawing assistance 148

Chapter 24 Viewing a drawing 154

Chapter 25 Hatching 160

Chapter 26 Point, polygon and solid 175

AutoCAD2002_prelims 14/06/2002 19:02 Page v

Chapter 27 Polylines and splines 180

Chapter 28 Modifying polylines and splines 189

Chapter 29 Divide, measure and break 196

Chapter 30 Lengthen, align and stretch 199

Chapter 31 Obtaining information from a drawing 205

Chapter 32 Text fonts and styles 211

Chapter 33 Multiline text 218

Chapter 34 The ARRAY command 226

Chapter 35 Changing properties 234

Chapter 36 User exercise 3 243

Chapter 37 Dimension styles 2 245

Chapter 38 Drawing with different sizes 258

Chapter 39 Multilines, complex lines and groups 264

Chapter 40 Blocks 272

Chapter 41 WBLOCKS 286

Chapter 42 Attributes 294

Chapter 43 External references 301

Chapter 44 Isometric drawings 305

Chapter 45 Model space and paper space 310

Chapter 46 Templates and standards 323

Chapter 47 The AutoCAD Design Center 336

Chapter 48 The TODAY window 347

Chapter 49 ‘Electronic’ AutoCAD 354

Activities 366

Index 385

vi Beginning AutoCAD 2002

AutoCAD2002_prelims 14/06/2002 19:02 Page vi

Preface

AutoCAD is probably the most widely used PC-based CAD software package available,

and AutoCAD 2002 is the latest release. The program is very similar to AutoCAD 2000,

but incorporates several new features including greater Internet accessibility. These new

features, combined with the traditional AutoCAD interface will increase the users’

draughting skills and improve productivity.

This book is intended for:

a) new users to AutoCAD who have access to AutoCAD 2002

b) experienced AutoCAD users wanting to upgrade their skills from previous releases to

AutoCAD 2002.

The objective of the book is to introduce the reader to the essential basic 2D draughting

skills required by every AutoCAD user, whether at the introductory, intermediate or

advanced level. Once these basic skills have been ‘mastered’, the user can progress to

the more ‘demanding’ topics such as 3D modelling, customisation and AutoLISP

programming.

The book will prove invaluable to any casual AutoCAD user, as well as the student

studying any of the City and Guild, BTEC or SQA CADD courses. It will also be useful

to undergraduates and postgraduates at higher institutions who require AutoCAD

draughting skills. Industrial CAD users will be able to use the book, as both a textbook

and a reference source.

As with all my other AutoCAD books, the reader will learn by completing worked

examples, and further draughting experience will be obtained by completing the

additional activities which complement many of the chapters. All drawing material has

been completed using Release 2002 and all work has been checked to ensure there are

no errors.

Your comments and suggestions for work to be included in any future publications would

be greatly appreciated.

Bob McFarlane

AutoCAD2002_prelims 14/06/2002 19:02 Page vii

To: Stephen and Amanda.

Many congratulations on your marriage,

from Mum, Dad, Lynda and Ciara.

AutoCAD2002_prelims 14/06/2002 19:02 Page viii

What’s new in

AutoCAD 2002

New features

AutoCAD 2002 has several new and enhanced features including those listed below.

True associative dimensioning

AutoCAD now supports geometry-driven associative dimensioning and trans-spatial

dimensioning, providing a new method of dimensioning that eliminates: (a) calculating

dimension scales and (b) creating special annotation layers.

New text features

Several new text utilities include an enhanced spell checker, text scaling, text justifying

and matching text between model space and paper space. The spell checker supports all

text objects included in block definitions.

CAD standards

Allow a set of common properties to be defined such as layers and text styles. This allows

for consistency in interpreting drawings when a large number of users contribute to a

drawing.

Design XML

Defines a structure for the efficient delivery of geometric model information over the

web. This is an advanced feature of AutoCAD 2002.

Layer translator

Allows layers in the current drawing to be changed to match layers in another drawing

or in CAD standard files.

Block attribute manager

Allows attribute data in block definitions to be modified easily.

Enhanced DWF file format

DWF now supports raster image formats, thumbnail and preview images as well as

support for additional viewer applications and products.

Chapter 1

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Enhanced features

AutoCAD Today

Allows the user to manage drawing and template files, load symbol libraries, access the

Bulletin Board for collaborative work and access the AutoDESK Point A design portal.

Live Object Enablers

Increases the value of designs and reduces time between drawing and data sharing.

Publish to Web

The user can the Publish to Web wizard with template, themes and I-drop options.

Many (but not all) of these new features will be discussed in this book.

2 Beginning AutoCAD 2002

Beginning with AutoCAD 2002.qxd 14/06/2002 19:03 Page 2

System requirements

and installation

The requirements for using AutoCAD 2002 are:

Operating system

• Windows 2000

• Windows Millennium Edition (ME)

• Windows 98

• Windows NT 4.0 with Service Pack 5.0.

Processor

• Pentium 233 minimum

• Pentium 450 or higher recommended

• Any equivalent processor.

RAM

• 32 MB minimum

• 64 MB recommended.

Video

• 800 × 600 VGA with 256 colours minimum

• 1024 × 768 with 64 thousand colours recommended.

Note: Windows-supported display adapter required.

Hard disk

• 130 MB for installation

• 64 MB of swap space

• 60 MB minimum system folder (75 MB recommended)

• 20 MB shared files.

Pointing device

• Mouse, tracker ball or other device.

CD-ROM

• For installation purposes – any speed.

Chapter 2

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Optional hardware

• Open GL-compatible 3D video card

• Printer or plotter

• Digitizer

• Modem or access to an Internet connection

• Network interface card.

The installation procedure should follow the instructions given in the AutoCAD 2002

Users’ Manual.

4 Beginning AutoCAD 2002

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Using the book

The aim of the book is to assist the reader on how to use AutoCAD 2002 with a series

of interactive exercises. These exercises will be backed up with activities, thus allowing

the reader to ‘practice the new skills’ being demonstrated. While no previous CAD

knowledge is required, it would be useful if the reader knew how to use:

– the mouse to select items from the screen

– Windows packages, e.g. maximise/minimise screens.

Concepts for using the book

There are several simple concepts with which the reader should become familiar, and

these are:

1 Menu selection will be in bold type, e.g. Draw

2 A menu sequence will be in bold type and be either:

a) Draw or b) Draw-Circle-3 Points

Circle

3 Points

3 User keyboard entry will also be highlighted in bold type, e.g.

a) coordinate entry – 125,36; @100,50; @200<45

b) command entry – LINE; MOVE; ERASE

c) response to a prompt – 15

4 Button/icon selection will be displayed as a small picture of the icon where appropriate

– usually the first time the icon is used.

5 The AutoCAD 2002 prompts will be in typewriter face, e.g.

a) prompt Specify first point

b) prompt Specify second point of displacement

6 The symbol <R> or <RETURN> will be used to signify pressing the RETURN

or ENTER key. Pressing the mouse right-button will also give the <RETURN>

effect – called right-click.

7 The term pick is continually used with AutoCAD, and refers to the selection of a line, circle,

text item, dimension, etc. The mouse left button is used to pick an object – called left-click.

8 Keyboard entry can be LINE or line. Both are acceptable.

Saving drawings

All work should be saved for recall at some later time, and drawings can be saved:

– on a formatted floppy disk

– in a named folder in the hard drive.

It is the user’s preference as to which method is used, but for convenience purposes only

I will assume that a named folder is being used. This folder is named BEGIN and when

a drawing is being saved or opened, the terminology used will be:

a) save drawing as BEGIN\WORKDRG

b) open drawing BEGIN\EXER_1.

Chapter 3

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The AutoCAD 2002

graphics screen

In this chapter we will investigate the graphics screen and discuss some of the

terminology associated with it.

Starting AutoCAD 2002

AutoCAD 2002 is started:

a) from the Windows ‘Start screen’ with a double left-click on the AutoCAD 2002 icon

b) by selecting the windows taskbar sequence:

Start-Programs-AutoCAD 2002-AutoCAD 2002

Both methods briefly display the AutoCAD 2002 logo and then the AutoCAD 2002 Today

screen/dialogue box as Fig. 4.1. The Today screen is divided into three distinct section,

these being:

a) My Drawings: Open Drawings, Create Drawings and Symbol Libraries options

b) Bulletin Board: for communication between company ‘sites’

c) Autodesk Point A: for Internet access.

At present we will not discuss the Today screen in any detail, so cancel it by picking (left￾click) the X button on the right in the title bar. The AutoCAD 2002 graphics screen will

then be displayed.

Chapter 4

Figure 4.1 The AutoCAD Today screen.

(a) My Drawings (b) Bulletin Board

(c) Autodesk Point A

Beginning with AutoCAD 2002.qxd 14/06/2002 19:03 Page 6

The graphics screen

The AutoCAD 2002 graphics screen (Fig. 4.2) displays the following:

1 The title bar 9 The coordinate system icon

2 The ‘windows buttons’ 10 The drawing area

3 The menu bar 11 The on-screen cursor

4 The Standard toolbar 12 The grips and/or pickfirst box

5 The Object Properties toolbar 13 Scroll bars

6 The Windows taskbar 14 The Layout tabs

7 The Status bar 15 The Modify toolbar

8 The Command prompt window area 16 The Draw toolbar.

The AutoCAD 2002 graphics screen 7

Figure 4.2 The AutoCAD 2002 graphics screen.

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