Sự nhầm lẫn giữa cây đu đủ và Pawpaw

Su nham lan gioa

cay Du du Sf Pawpaw m 6 mdt so ngfldi thac mac:

^ "Nghe ndi Id Du du chfla

^^^^cha t acetogenin cd tac

dung chfla benh ung thfl, nhung

tim trong cac sach viet ve cay Du

du lai khdng thay cha't nay". Trong

thflc te ddi sdng, cd thdi gian d

nfldc ta cung nghe noi la cdy Du

du cd the chfla dflgc benh ung thfl

vd cd ngfldi da dung chfla benh nay

nhflng khdng tha'y hieu qua. Vdy

thflc hfl the' nao?

O ddy cd sfl nham ldn gifla

cay Du dii (tid'ng Anh la Papaya,

tid'ng Phdp la Papayer), ten khoa

hgc la Carica papaya L,, thudc hg

Du du (Papayaceae), mdt cay an

qua cd ngudn gd'c d vung nhiSt ddi

chau My, da dflgc nhap trong d

Vi&t Nam tfl rat lau ddi, vdi cay

Pawpaw (cd sach viet la Papaw),

mdt cay cua vung dn ddi Bdc My,

khdng cd ten Viet Nam, ten khoa

hgc la Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal,

thudc hg Na (Annonaceae). Hai loai

Cky Du du Ngudn Interne!

nay thudc hai hg thflc vat khac xa

nhau vd khdng cd quan he thdn

thugc vdi nhau, nen hoat cha't va

tac dung cua chung cung hoan toan

khac nhau.

Du du la cay than mem, cd cau

tnic xO, it khi phan nhanh. La mgc

so le, tap trung d phan nggn thdn,

phien la to, chia 8- 9 thdy sau,

gan la Mnh chan vit, cud'ng la ra't

dai va rdng d gifla. Qua d cdc nach

la tren than. Hoat chat chii yeu la

papain (cd nhieu trong nhfla mu);

la chfla cac alcaloid nhu carpain;

qua chin cdn co cac chat carotenoid.

Y hgc dan gian d nfldc ta,

cung nhu y hgc cd truyen An Dd,

Indonesia, Nepal diu dung Id, qua

xanh va hoa Du du de lam thud'c

chfla nhieu benh nhfl tri giun dua,

giun kim. Nfldc sdc la Du du cd

tac dung khang khudn, dung rfla

vet thflOng, Id loet; la gia nat, dap

chfla mun nhgt, tieu sflng tay. Qua

Du du chin cd vi nggt, boi bo sflc

khoe, giup tieu hda, nhuan trang,...

Pawpaw la cay thdn gd, phan

canh nhieu. La mgc so le, phie'n la

nguyen tfla nhfl la cdy Mang cau,

cud'ng la ngan. Qua d nach la tren

canh. La chfla chat acetogenin cd

tinh dgc, dflgc cho la cd tac dung

chfla benh ung thfl {do ngan can sfl

tao thanh ATP trong te bdo, nhd't

la loai te bao ung thu can nhieu

nang Iflgng). Vo than cung chfla

cac acetogenin, trong do cd asimin,

asiminacin va asiminecin. Qua

Pawpaw chfla nhieu acid beo, chu

yeu la cha't octanoat. Hat chfla cha't

asimitrin va 4-hydroxytrilobin, ddc

vdi te' bao.

Hai cay ndi tren khac nhau qua

rd rang, nhflng sfl nham ldn vdn

xay ra d ca trong va ngoai nfldc.

Xin neu mgt vai vi du: Mdt trong

nhflng ten nfldc ngoai cua cay Du

du cd sdch viet "Papaw tree" (Cdy

Cay Pawpaw Nguon Inlemet

thuoc vd ddng vdt ldm thudc d

Viit Nam, tap I, trang 823, (2004),

hoac "Paw Paw" (Tap chi Thudc

& Sdc Khoe, sd 314, trang 12-13

(15,8.2006), hoac "Pawpaw" {'The

plant-book' cua D.J. Mahberley,

NXB Cambridge Univ. Press,

UK, 1997). d lie. New Zealand

va mdt vai dia phUOng d B^c My

cay Papaya (Du du) cung cd t§n Id

Pawpaw. Gan day nhd't, tdi viia

nhdn dflgc thi^p chuc nam mdi

2014 cua Tien si P.W.J., Gidm

dd'c Vfldn thflc vat Missouri (USA).

Tren thiSp cua chinh Vfldn thflc

vat nay in cd hinh 10 lodi cay dn

qua nhifet ddi, trong dd cd Du du,

vdi chu thich nhfl sau: "Caryca

papaya, commonly known as the

papaya or pawpaw, originated

in Central America, but is now

grown in tropical regions all over

the world", Viet nhfl tren, ngfldi

dgc hieu la cay Pawpaw cd tfin

khoa hgc la Caryca papaya. Chile

ngfldi bien soan cd sU nham ldn (!).

Chuyen nham lan ki^u ndy cung

gap d nudc ta. Chi ndi vdi tdn cdy

rau, cu, qua quen biet trong dilfi

sdng, nhflng ten ggi phd thdng cua

chung gifla cac vung, miln cung c6

sfl khac biet. Trfldng hgp cung m^t

Ioai nhung cd ten khdc nhau, nhiT

re cu cua cay Manihot esculenta

Crantz (hg Euphorbiaceae), tfin

ggi d Mien Bdc Id cu Sdn cdn d

Mien Nam Id Khoai my. Qud ciia

THUOC & SLfC KHOE so 504 (15.7.2014)