Sử dụng AutoCad lập bản vẽ thiết kế

.. ~

NHA XUAT BAN KHOA HOC vA KY THUA.T

HANOI

.8.utoC.6.D

2.000'

.' # •

Ban ve 20

Ban ve nr rna hinh 3D

Tao anh d(>ng

Nqon ngG'AutoLiSP

HUdng dan bai tap thLJC hanh

Gido trinh dung cho sinh vien cac truongdai hoc kj thuat ...

..ft!" ~,

THIET KE

•

~

, ,.,,_ LAP BAN VE

sll DUNG •

TS. NGUYEN VAN HIEN

CHUONG 1

MO DAU

1.1. GI61 THI~U AUTOCAD 2000 18

1.2. KHCH DONG vA MAN HINH DO HOA CVA AUTOCAD 2000 19

1.2.1- Khai dong

1.2.2- Man hlnh AutoCAD2000

1.3. cAc CACH NHA,P L~NH CHO AUTOCAD THlJC HI~N 22

CHUONG2

cAc L~NH TI~N iCH v~ FILE

2.1. CACH NHA,P L~NH VB FILE 25

2.1.1- Nhap cac lenh v~ file tir Pull-down menu

2.1.2- Nhap cac lenh v~ file tir Standard Toolbar

2.1.3- Nhap cac lenh ve file tir Sereen menu

2.2. cAc HOP THOAI FILE vA cAc L~NH VB FILE 25

2.2.1- Tao ban ve mai(New)

2.2.2- Mo ban ve da eo (Open)

2.2.3- Cat ban VI. thanh mot file(Save, Saveas)

2.2.4- Dong file ban ve va thu nho man hlnh ban ve (Close)

2.2.5- Xuat ban ve sang cac dang file khac (Export)

2.2.6- Phuc h6i file ban ve (Recover)

2.2.7- Thoat khoi AutoCAD va ket thiic viec ve (Quit, Exit)

2.2.8- Thoat tarn thai man hinh AutoCAD fa thirc hien lenh cua he

dieu hanhrShell)

CHUONG3

NH~P DIEM vA PHUONG THUC BAT DIEM

3.1. H~ TOA DO 32

3.2. CACH NHA,P DIEM 32

3.2.1- Ole each nhap mot diem

3.2.2- Vi du nhap diem

3.3. cAc PHVbNG THOt BAT DIEM CHINH xAc (OSNAP) 34

3.3.1- Truy bat 1 Hin (tarn tni)

3.3.2- Truy bat thtrong tni

3.3.3- Che d¢ AutoTrack

3.3.4- Trang DRAFTING trong hop thoai OPTIONS

3.4. TAO BAN VB MAU BAN DAU (TEMPLA TE DRAWING) 43

3.4.1- Su dung ban ve mau ban dau

3.4.2- Trinh lI! tao ban ve mau rieng cua ban thea cac biroc sau

3.4.3- Cac Ienh sir dung d~ tao ban ve mau

LOI N61 DAU 3

PHANM(H

MUCLUC

. .

sildyng AutoCAD 2000 5

SLtdl;lng AutoCAD 2000

7

5.8. KEO DAI DOl WQNG (EXTEND) 79

5.9. THAY DOl CHIEU DAI DOl WQNG (LENGTHEN) 79

5.10. TAO cAc DOl WQNG SONG SONG, DONG DANG(OFFSET) 80

5.11. LI;NH LUQN TRON (FILLET) 81

5.12. LI;NH VAT G6c (CHAMFER) 82

5.13. PHAN RA cAc DOl WQNG (EXPLODE) 88

5.14. HII;U CHINH DA TUYEN POLYLINE (PEDIT) 88

5.15. HII;U CHINH DUONG CONG SPLINE (SPLINE EDIT) 90

5.16. HIEU CHINH DOl WONG BANG PROPERTIES WINDOWS 91

5.17. THAY DOl DAC TfNH DOl TUQNG (CHANGE) 92

5.18. LI;NH CHIA DEU (DIVIDE, MEASURE) 93

5.18.1- Chia thanh so cac doan bang nhau(Divide)

5.18.2- Chia thanh cac doan chieu dai bang nhau(Measure)

5.19. cAc LI;NH TRA cOtJ 94

5.19.1- Lenh ID

5.19.2- Lenh DIST

5.19.3- Lenh AREA

5.19.4- Xem trang thai ban ve (Status)

5.19.5- Xem thong tin ve doi urong ve (List)

5.19.6- Mot so bien va lenh he thong

5.20. LI;NH TfNH ToAN (CAL) 97

CHUONG6

cAc PHEP BIEN HiNH

6.1. DOl HINH (MOv'E) 100

6.2. SAO CHEP (COPY) 101

6.3. SAO CHEP MANG (ARRAY) 101

6.4. DOl XUNG TRl)C (MIRROR) 102

6.5. QUAY QUANH 1DIEM (ROTATE) 103

6.6. PH6NG TO vA THU NHO DOl WQNG (SCALE) 104

6.7. CO DAN cAc DOl WONNG (STRETCH) 105

6.8. VUA DOl, QUAY vA THU PH6NG Dor WQNG (ALIGN) 106

6.9. HII;U CHINH DOl WQNG BANG K~P (GRIPS) .107

6.9.1- Cac chirc nang hieu chinh voi Grips

6.9.2- Tao mang cac doi tuong bang Grips

CHUONG7

DIEU KHIEN MAN HiNH QUAN SAT BAN VE

7.1. THU NHO, PH6NG TO MAN HINH (ZOOM) 111

7.2. nNH TIEN MAN HINH (PAN) 113

7.2.1- Lenh Realtime PAN

7.2.2- Cac lua chon khac cua PAN

7.2.3- Lenh -PAN

,

...

CHUONG4

cAc LENH VE CO BAN

4.1. KHAI NII;M DOl TUQNG vs PHANG vA NHAp LENH vB .48

4.2. LI;NH vs DIEM (POINT) : : .48

4.3. LI;NH vs DOAN THANG (LINE) .49

4.4. LI;NH vs cAc NUA DUONG THANG (RAY) .49

4.5. LI;NH vB cAc DUONG THANG cAu TRUC (XLINE) 50

4.6. LI;NH vB DOAN THANG c6 BE RONG (TRACE) 51

4.7. LI;NH vs DUONG TRON (CIRCLE) 51

4.8. LI;NH vB CUNG TRON (ARC) 53

4.9. LI;NH vB DA TUYEN (PLINE) 55

4.10. LI;NH vB DA GIAc DEU(POLYGON) 57

4.11. LI;NH vB HINH CHUNHAT(RECTANG) 58

4.12. LI;NH VE ELIP (ELLIPSE) .5

R

4.13. LI;NH vs HI~H

VANH KHAN (DONUT) 60

4.14. LI;NH VE MIEN TO MAu (2D SOLID) 61

4.15. LI;NH vs DUONG CONG (SPLINE) 61

4.16. LI;NH VE DUONG PHAc THAo BANG TAY (SKETCH) 62

4.17. LI;NH vs DUONG THANG KEP SONG SONG (MLINE) , 63

4.17.1- Lenh tao kieu Mline (Mlstyle)

4.17.2- Lenh ve dirong Mline (Mline)

4.18. LI;NH TAO MIEN PHANG (REGION) 67

4.18.1- Lenh tao mien ph~ng(Region)

4.18.2- Lenh lien ket cac regions (Union)

4.18.3- Lenh trir cac regions (Subtract)

4.18.3- Lenh tach phan chung cua cac regions (Intersect)

4.19. DUNG LI;NH BOUNDARY DE TAO PLINE, REGION 68

CHUONG5

cAc L¢NH TRq GIUP vA HIEU CHiNH

5.1. LI;NH HU6NG DAN (HELP) : 71

5.2. HUY BO LI;NH VUA TH1!CHII;N (U, UNDO) vA PHUC HOI

DOl WQNG SAU LI;NH UNDO (REDO) 71

5.2.1- Lenh

U va Undo

5.2.2- Lenh phuc hoi (Redo)

5.3. TAl TAO LAI BAN vs (REGEN) 72

5.4. LI;NH vB,LAI BAN V~ TREN MAN HINH, xoA DAU BLIP (REDRAW) 73

5.5. CHQN DOl WQNG DE HII;U CHINH 73

5.6. xoA HoAN ToAN HAY 1 PHAN DOl TUQNG (ERASE, TRIM, BREAK) 75

5.6.1- Lenh xoa hoan toan doi nrong (Erase)

5.6.2- Ngilt bo 1 doan cua doi nrong (Braeak)

5.7. CHAT BO 1 PHAN DOl WQNG (TRIM) 76

5.7.1- Lenh Trim

5.7.2- Lenh Extrim

6

sit dl;lng AutoCAD 2000 9

10.4. HI$U CHINH KICH TRUdc 148

10.4.1- L~nh DIMEDIT

10.4.2- Lenh DIMTEDIT

10.4.3- s& dung cac lenh hieu chinh hinh ve d~ hieu chinh kich thiroc

10.4.4- Hieu chinh kfch thuoc bang Properties Window

10.4.5- Hieu chinh kich thuoc bang kep Grips

CHUONG 11

GHI VAN BAN VAo BAN VE

11.1. DJNH DANG KIEU CHU (TEXT STYLE) 152

11.2. NHAP DONG CHUBANG L$NH TEXT 153

11.2.1- Nhap dong chir bang lenh Text

11.2.2- Can Ie dong chir

11.2.3- Cach nhap tieng Viet co dau

11.3. NHAP DOAN VAN BAN VAo BAN vE AUTOCAD(MTEXT) 155

11.4. HIEU CHINH VAN BAN 156

11.'4.1- Hieu chinh bang lenh Ddedit

11.4.2- Hieu chinh doan van ban Mtext bang lenh Mtprop

11.4.4- Hieu chinh dong van ban bang lenh Change

CHUONG12

T~OLOPD~QuANLfBANVE

12.1. KHAI NI$M VE tor, MAu sAc, DUONG NET 158

12.1.1- Lap (Layer)

12.1.2- Mau sac

12.1.3- Ki

~u dU("i1gnet

12.2. LENH LAYER 161

12.3. THA Y DOl DAc TINH CUA Ldp QUA THANH OBJECT PROPERTIES 162

12.4.THAY DOl DAc TfNH CUA i.or QUA PROPERTIES WINDOW 163

CHUONG13

T~O KHOI vA CHEN KHOI(BLOCK)

13.1.

Y NGHIA CUA VIEC TAO KHOI , 165

13.2. TAO KHOI(BLOCK) 165

13.3. CHEN BLOCK vA CHEN FILE BAN vs 166

13.3.1- Lenh Insert

13.3.2- Chen Block thanh mot day(Minsert)

13.3.3- Dung lenh DIVIDE d~ chen Block vao cac diem chia

13.3.4- Dung lenh MEASURE d~ chen Block vao cac diem chia

13.4. GHI BLOCK THANH MOT FILE(WBLOCK) 170

13.4.1- Ghi Block thanh 1 file

13.4.2- Ghi nhorn 1 so doi nrong thanh 1 file

13.5. PHAN RA BLOCK(L$NH EXPLODE, XPLODE) 171

13.5.1- Phan ra Block trong khi chen

13.5.2- Phan ra Block sau khi chen bai lenh Explode

13.5.3- Phan ra Block sau khi chen boi lenh Xplode

7.3. LENH VIEW 114

7.4. QUAN SAT BAN VE TUPHIA TREN (FROM ABOVE- AERIAL VIEW) 114

7.5. L$NH REDRAW 116

7.6. DRAG MODE 116

7.7. BIEN VIEWRES HI$N DUONG TRON, CUNG TRON 116

CHUONG8

HUaNG DAN VE HiNH CHIEU THANG GOC vA

HINH CHIEU TRl)C DO

8.1. cAcH VE cAc HINH CHIEU THANG GOC 117

8.1.1- Dung POINT FILTER

8.1.2- Dung RAY hoac XLINE

8.1.3- Dung OFFSET

8.2. cAcH vE HINH CHIEU TRUC DO 119

8.2.1- DlIttSnap va Grid

8.2.2- Cach ve hinh chieu tnic do vuong goc deu

8.2.3- Ve hlnh chieu true do xien goc(Oblique)

CHUONG9

G~CHM~TCAT

9.1. TRINH TlJTHlJC HI$N GACH MAT CAT 124

9.2. L$NH BHATCH 124

9.3. LENH HATCH 129

9.4. Hi$u CHINH MAT CAT (HATCHEDIT) 131

9.4.1- Hieu chinh bang lenh Hatchedit

9.4.2- Hieu chinh bang Properties Window

CHUONG 10

GHI xtcn THlJOC

10.1. cAc THANH PHAN CUA KICH TRUdc 133

10.2. TAO KIEU GHI KicH THUdc vA cAc BIEN KICH TRUdc 133

10.2.1- Trinh ur tao kieu ghi kich thiroc moi

10.2.2- Thay d6i 1 kieu ghi kich thiroc da co

10.3. cAc L$NH GHI KICH TRUdc 140

10.3.1- Cach goi lenh ghi kfch thiroc

10.3.2- L~nh DIMLINEAR(Linear)

10.3.3- Lenh DIMALIGNED(Aligned)

10.3.4- DIMDIAMETER(Diameter) va DIMRADIUS(Radius)

10.3.5- DIMCENTER(Center Mark)

10.3.6- Lenh DIMANGULAR(Angular)

10.3.7- Lenh DIMORDINA TE(Ordinate) .

10.3.8- Lenh DIMBASELINE(Baseline)

10.3.9- Lenh DIMCONTINUE (Continue)

10.3.10- Lenh QDIM

10.3.11- Lenh LEADER

10.3.12- Lenh QLEADER

10.3.13- Ghi dung sai hinh dang va vi trf(Tolerance)

8

CHUaNG 18

MOl TRUONG VE vA QUAN SAT MO HiNH 3D

18.1. H$ TOA DO NGVOI DUNG(UCS) vA cAcH NHAp DIEM 3D 232

18.1.1- H¢ toa d¢ nguoi dung UCS

18.1.2- Cac each nhap diem trong 3D

18.1.3- Sir dung lenh 'CAL (Calculator) xac dinh diem

18.2. DIl3U KHIEN HI$N HINH ANH 3D 240

18.2.1- Di~m nhln(Viewpoint)

18.2.2- Quan sat dong mo hlnh 3D

18.2.3- Che duong khuat, to bong vat th~

1x.) 1\1:\1 PHAN

G CO SO(CP) TRONG vB 3D 24S

CHUaNG 19

VE D{f(JNG vA MAT 3D

19.1. cAc LOAI MO HINH 3D .

19.1.1. MCl hinh khun

u

dav ··············· 247

19.1.2- M6 hlnh mat

21/2 'chieu

J 9.1.3- Mo hinh cac

mat 3D .. '" VE BA C}-IIEU

BAI TAp-l

Tao ban ve mau theo tieu chuan Viet Nam (Prototype Drawing) 214

BAI TAp-2

Ve hinh co sir dung lenh Pline, Donut, Pedit d~ d6i be rong net, va each sir dung che d¢

neo doi nrong: Osnap mode 219

BAI TAp-3

Ve hinh chieu cua chi tiet may co sir dung cdc lenh

ve-co ban: CIRCLE, LINE, OFFSET,

CHANGE, TRIM, Osnap MODE 221

BAI TAp-4

Ve ban

ve Idp cua 4 chi tiet ma

y co sir dung each t<;10Layer, Block 224

BAI TAp-s

Tao I~p ban ve chi tiet may voi cdc hinh chieu va hinh chieu true do 228

PHAN 11

16.2.2- Lenh Pastespec

16.2.3- Lenh Pasteblock

16.2.4- Lenh Pasteorg

16.2.5- Lenh Insertobj

16.2.6- Sao chep cac doi nrong giira hai ban ve thong qua Clipboard

16.3. QuAN L

Y cAc DOl WONG OLE (OLELINKS) 211

16.4. THAY DOl cAc DAC TINH CVA DOl WONG OLE 211

16.5. SAO CHEP cAc DONG L$NH vA cAc LVA CHON 212

CHUaNG 1

7

HUONG DAN MOT SO BAI T~P THVC HANH L~P BAN VE 2D

SLr dl;Jng AutoCAD 2000 11

CHuaNG 16

LIEN KET vA NHUNG DOl TU<)NG (OLE)

16.1. SAO CHEP vA CAT cAc DOl WONG VAo WINDOWS CLIPBOARD 203

16.1.1- Lenh Copyclip

16.1.2-

Lenh Copylik

16.1.3- Lenh Copybase

16.1.4- Lenh Cutclip

16.2. DAN DOl WONG TlrCLIPBOARD VAo BAN vB 204

16.2.1- Lenh Pasteclip

13.6. HI$U CHINH LAI BLOCK DA. D~NH NGHIA 172

13.6.1- Dtnh nghia l<;liBlock

13.6.2- Hieu chinh Block bang Properties Windows

13.7. D~NH DIEM CHUAN KHI CHEN FILE BAN vB(BASE) .....................•............ 173

13.8. vf nu TAO LOP, TAO BLOCK vA CHEN BLOCK 173

13.9. THUOC TfNH CVA BLOCK(ATTRIBUTE) 177

13.9.1- Tao thuoc tinh cua Block (lenh Attdef)

13.9.2- Chen Block voi thuoc tinh(Attribute) vao ban ve

13.9.3- Vi du ve tao thuoc tinh va chen Block vci thuoc tinh vao ban ve

13.10. HI$U CHINH THUOC TfNH CVA BLOCK : 182

CHUaNG 14

THAM KHAo NGOAI BAN VE (XREF)

14.1.

Y NGHIA CVA XREF 184

14.2. GAN(ATTACH)BAN vs THAM KHAo NGoAI VOl BAN vB CHINH

(L$NH XA TTACH) 184

14.3. PHV(OVERLAY) BAN vB THAM KHAo NGoAI VOl BAN vB CHiNH 186

14.4. RANG BUOC(BIND) cAc XREF VAo BAN vs CHINH NHV LA BLOCKS .187

14.S. HIEN TH~ MOT PHAN XREF (XC LIP) 189

14.6. QuAN 1,-

Y cAc THAM KHAo NGoAI(L$NH XREF) 189

14.7. SlrA DOl XREF, BLOCK NGAY TRONG BAN vB CHfNH 191

CHUaNG 15

QuAN LY BAN VE QUA AUTOCAD® DESIGNCENTER

IS.1. MAN HINH DO HOA VOl AUTOCAD DESIGNCENTER 193

15.1.1- Mo AutoCAD DesignCenter (lenh Adcenter)

15.1.2- Cac phim chirc nang cua AutoCAD DesignCenter

IS.2. SlrDl)NG AUTOCAD DESIGNCENTER CHEN NOI DUNG VAo

BAN VE HI$N THCH 197

IS.2.1- Sir dung AutoCAD DesignCenter chen Block

IS.2.2- Sir dung AutoCAD DesignCenter gan Xref vao ban ve

15.3. THAO TAc VOl cAc NOI DUNG THVONG

HAY SlrDl)NG (FAVORITES) 200

15.3.1- Truy cap cac noi dung tit Favorites

15.3.2- Them noi dung vao Favorites

15.4.3- T6 chirc l<;1iFavorites

10

CHUaNG 22

HI~U CHiNH MO HINH KH(jI RAN

22.1. VAT MEP KHOI RAN(CHAMFER) 297

22.2.LVQN GOC KHOI RAN(FILLET) 298

22.3. CAT DOl KHOI RAN(SLICE) 299

22.4.T AO MAT CAT(THIET DI~N) CVA KHOI RAN(SECTION) 30 I

CHuaNG 23

TO BONG MO HINH KH(jI RAN

23.1. PHU MAu LEN MO HINH KHOI RAN(SHADE) 302

23.2- L~NH TO BONG(RENDER) 303

23.2.1- Cac nguon sang

23.2.2- Tao va thay d6i nguon sangrl.ights)

23.2.3- Gan vat lieu cho d6i urong to b6ng

23.2.4- Lenh Scene

23.2.5- Ghi lai va goi ra cac anh dii to b6ng(Saveing, Repla

y)

23.2.6- Lenh Background

23.2.7- Lenh Fog

CHUaNG 21

TAO MO HINH KH(jI RAN(SOLIDS)

21.1. TAO MIEN DAC(REGION) 280

21.2. cAc SOLIDS GOC (SOLID PRIMITIVES) 282

21.2.1- Kh6i h9P(Box)

21.2.2- Kh6i hinh nemrWedge)

21.2.3- Kh6i n6n(Cone)

21.2.4- Khoi trl;l(Cylinder)

21.2.5- Kh6i caut Sphere),

21.2.6- Kh6i xuyent'Torus)

21.3. cAc SOLIDS TRON XOA Y(REVOL VE) 285

21.4. KEO DOl TVQNG 2D THANH KHOI RAN 3D(EXTRUDE) 286

21.5. TAO SOLID DA HQP nor cAc PHEP ToAN BOOLE 288

21.5.1- Cong cac Solids (Union)

21.5.2- Trir cac Solids (Subtract)

21.5.3- Giao giira cac Solids (Intersect)

21.6. cAc BIEN MAT DO LVOI vA KHUNG DAy CVA MO HINH

KHOI RAN 3D 289

21.7. VI DU VE THIET KE MO HINH 3D CVA VAT THE 290

21.7.1- Vi du 1

21.5.2- Vi du 2

i

~

)

i

20.6.3- Ghi kich thuoc trong 3D

sildl)ng AutoCAD 2000 13

19.1.4- Mo hinh khoi ran (Solid)

19.2. MO HINH 3D KHUNG DAy (WIREFRAM) 247

19.2.1- Mo hinh khung day la gi

19.2.2- v: da tuyen 3D (3D polyline)

19.2.3- Hi~u chinh 3D polyline

19.2.4- Ve dirong cong tron Spline

19.3. MO HINH MAT 2112 CHIEU (KEO DOl TVQNG 2D THANH MAT 3D) 250

19.3.1- Dat be day keo len (lenh Elev, Thickness)

19.3.2- H~

~uchinh d6i nrong 2D thanh mat 3D

19.4. MAT PHANG 3D (3DFACE) 252

19.5. cAc MAT 3D CHUAN (3D, AI_BOX, AI_CONE, ) 253

19.5.1- M~t khoi h9P (Box, AI_Box)

19.5.2- Mat da dien Pyramid(AI_Pyramid)

19.5.3- M

~t hinh nem Wedge (AI_Wedge)

19.5.4- Nira mat cau tren Dome(AI_Dome) va rnra mat cau duoi Dish(AI_Dish)

19.5.5- Mat cau Sphere (AI_Sphere)

19.5.6- Mat non, tru (AI_Cone)

19.5.7. Mat xuyen Torus (AI_Torus)

19.5.8- M~t luoi Mesh(AI_Mesh)

19.6. MAT Lu6I4 CANH (EDGESURF) 259

19.7. MAT LVOI DA GIAc (3DMESH) 259

19.8. MAT PHANG GHEP(PFACE) 260

19.9. M

AT TRON XOAY (REVSUZY) 261

19.10. MAT KE (RULESURF) : 263

19.11. MAT TRl) D~NH HVONG (TABSURF) 263

19.12. HI~U CHINH MAT LVOI 3D (PEDIT) 264

CHUaNG 20

cAc L~NH HO TRQ CHO VE 3D

20.1. KHONG GIAN MO HINH (MSPACE), KHONG GIAN GIAY (PSPACE)

vA TAO cAc KHUNG NHIN(VIEWPORTS) 265

20.2- TAO cAc KHUNG NHIN(VIEWPORTS) 265

20.2.1- Tao cac khung nhin tinlulenh Vports)

20.2.2- Tao cac khung nhin dongflenh Mview)

20.3- LOP TRONG KHUNG NHIN(VPLA YER) 268

20.4- L~NH MVSETUP 270

20.5- cAc PHEP BIEN HINH TRONG vs 3D 274

20.5.1- Quay mo hlnh quanh mot trl;lc(Rotate3D)

20.5.2- Phep d6i xirng qua mat phAng(Mirror3D)

20.5.3. Sao thanh mang cac d6i tuong 3D (3 Darray)

20.5.4- Sap xep d6i nrong 3D bang can ehinh(Align)

20.6- TAO KHOI(BLOCK), CHEN KHOI (INSERT),

GHI KICH THVOC TRONG.3D 276

20.6.1- T';\okh6i(Block)

20.6.2- Chen kh6i(lnsert)

12

CHUONG28

MDI TRlJONG PHAT TRIEN GIAO TIEP AUTO LISP

(VISUAL LISP)

28.1. KHdI DONG VISUAL LISP 390

28.2. CONSOLE WINDOW 390

28.3. CVA so VISUAL LISP '!EXT EDITOR 391

28.4. TAl vA CHA Y CHVONG TRINH AUTO LISP 392

2X.4.1. Chay mot chuang trinh

2X.4.2. Chay cac dong rna tuy y chon

28.5. D~NH DANG MA QUAN LY cHVONG TRINH 396

28.5.1. T<;lorna mau cua VLISP

28.).2. Tim kiern bang ky hieu bang Apropos

2S.5.3. Dinh dang rna quan ly chuang trlnh VLISP

28.6. KIEM TRA LOI cO PHAp(SYNTAX ERRORS) 397

'2:-;.6.1. Ki~m tra cac cap dau ngoac dan

lX.6.l. Tim cac loi cu phap bang lenh Check

2X.6.1. Do tim loi ell phap qua rna mau

28.7. TiNH NANG GO ROI CVA VISUAL LISP 399

20.7.1. eli d~t Breakpoint d~ ngat viec thirc hien chuang trlnh

2?L7 2. Chay chuang trinh boi che dQ Animate

PHAN III

CHUONG27

HUONG DAN MOT s6 BAI T~P THVC HANH VE 3D

BAI TAp 1

Ve rna hlnh 3D cua vat th~ ran va duoc cat bo ig6e d~ thay 10 e6 bac, Biet each sir dung

cac lenh ve co ban, cac lenh hieu chinh va thay d6i he toa d(>UCS trong khi ve 360

BAITAp2

Lap ban ve chi tiet may GIA DO voi cac hlnh chieu dirng, hinh chieu bang,

hlnh chieu canh va hinh chieu true do 365

BAI TAp 3

Lap ban ve chi tiet may NAp TREN voi cac hlnh chieu dirng, hinh chieu bang,

hlnh chieu canh, hlnh chieu true do va hinh edt dlje llj,p 371

BAITAp4

Lap ban ve chi tiet may GOI TRl)C voi cac hl~h chieu dung, hlnh chieu bang,

hlnh chieu canh, hlnh chieu true do va cdc hinb edt lien quan voi nhau 380

"

sl't dl;lng AutoCAD 2000 15

CHUONG 26

XUAT BAN VE THANH T~P TIN VA TAO ANH D<)NG

26.1. XUAT BAN VE THANH TI;:P TIN 346

26.1.1- Xuat va nhap tep tin dang DXF

26.1.2- Xuat va nhap tep tin dang DWT

26.1.3- Xuat va nhap tep tin dang WMF

26.1.4- Xuat va nhap tep tin dang 3DS

26.1.5- Xuat va nhap tep tin dang BMP

26.1.6- Xuat va nhap tep tin dang EPS

26.2. TAO ANH DONG 352

26.2.1- File kich ban+Script File)

26.2.2- Cac lenh chup anh va goi anh ra

CHUONG24

PHAN TICH cAc D~C TINH CVA KHOI RAN

24.1. PHAN rtcn cAc DVONG BAO THAY, KHuAT TREN

Mq HINH 3D (SOLPROF) 310

24.2. KIEM TRA Sl/GIAO NHAU GIUA cAc SOLIDS (INTERFERE) 311

24.3. TAO cAc HINH CHIEU 2D TlrMO HINH KHOI RAN 3D 312

24.4. TAO KHUNG NHIN DONG Val cAc HINH CHIEU, HINH cAT,

HINH CHIEU PHl)(SOLVIEW, SOLDRAW) 316

24.5. PHAN TiCH KHOI LVQNG, KicH THVOC KHOI RAN (MASS PROP) 320

CHUONG25

XUAT BAN VE RA GIAY

25.1. cAc KHAI NII;:M co BAN LIEN QUAN DEN IN BAN vs 321

25.2. TAO LAYOUT TRVOC KHI IN 321

25.3. THIET LAp TRANG IN TREN MOT LAYOUT BANG

HOP THOAI PAGE SETUP 322

25.4. THIET LAp TRANG IN TRENMOT LAYOUT BANG LAYOUT WIZARD 324

25.5. DJNH TY LI;:CHIEU RONG NET'IN (LINEWEIGHT SCALE) 327

25.6. GAN LVQNG Ml/C IN (SCREENING) 328

25.7. DAU DVONG KHuAT KHI IN TREN VIEW PORTS (HIDING LINE) 329

25.8. TAO VIEWPORTS Val KHUNG co HINH DANG BAT KY 329

25.9. GHI KiCH THUOC TRONG PSPACE 331

25.10. DJNH cAu HINH CHO THIET BJ IN 332

25.11. SVDl)NG KIEU IN(PLOT STYLE) vA BANG KIEU IN

(PLOT STYLE TABLE) 334

25.12. TIEN HANH IN BAN vE(PLOT) 337

25.13. QUI TRINH IN BAN vs 339

25.14. IN cAc ANH TO BONG 344

14

=== * ===

PHlJ LlJC 443

CHUONG30

cAu TRUC TRONG CHUONG TRINH AUTOLISP

30.1. HAM DIEU KII;:N (IF) .424

30.2. HAM LlJA CHQN (COND) .425

30.3. HAM PROGN 427

30.4. VONG LAP Hill HAN(REPEAT) .427

30.5. VONG LAP KHONG BIET so LAN(WHILE) .428

30.6. HAM FOREACH (XVL Y LIST) .430

30.7. LENH COMMAND TRONG AUTOLISP .430

30.8. cAe vi DlJ VE cAc cHlfdNG TRINH DO HOA .432

* CHlfdNG TRINH AUTOLISP TRONG 3D .437

? ~ ~

BAN VE PHANG

A' A

PHANMOT

CHUONG29

cAc VAN DE co BAN CVA AUTOLISP

29.1. Md DAU AUTOLISP .402

29.1.1. Cau tao chuang trlnh AutoLISP

29.1.2. Soan thao chuang trinh

29.1.2. Tai chuang trinh AutoLISP

29.1.3. Chay chuang trinh AutoLISP

29.1.4. Tao them lenh cho AutoCAD

29.2. cAc KHAr NII;:M co so TRONG AUTOLISP .406

29 .2.1. Bi~u thirc trong AutoLISP

29.2.2. Cac kieu dfr lieu cua AutoLISP

29.2.3. Oie bien trong AutoLISP

29.2.4. Cac ham (hay lenh) trong AutoLISP

29.2.5. Cac ham (hay lenh) co ban cua AutoLISP

1). Ham Quote

2). Ham Setq

3). Ham tra ctru va gan gia tri cho bien he thong cua AutoCAD

4). Ham nhap dfr lieu

5). Cac ham roan

6). Cac ham xu Iy chuoi ky tl!(String)

7). Ham xu Iy danh sachfl.ist)

8). Ok ham logic

9). Cac ham hlnh hQC va luong giac

10). Ham kiem soat loi

29.2.6. Nh~p va xuat

16

Tren h¢p tho<;linay gom

4 trang Wong Ung v6'i

4 each dinh d<;lngban ve m6i:

- Trang Open a Drawing:

M rna ban ve da ca. Neu chua thay ten file can rna

trong h¢p Select a File, b<;lnhay an vao nut Browse d~ tim thu ml;lcchua file da roi an nut

OK ban ve duqc rna ra tren man hinh do hOL;lAutoCAD 2000 (hinh l.3) du6'i day.

Hinh 1.1 Hinh 1.2: H¢p thoL;liStartup.

III

3Dorbit: la lenh d~ quay diem nhln dci voi mo hinh 3D.

V6'i hra chon Gouraud

trong lenh nay ban co tM quay diem nhin ngay ca khi mo hinh 3D da to bang.

V6'i hra

chon Continuous orbit ban co the quay dong mo hinh 3D da to bang.

Tao UCS doc lap tren tung Viewport.

- Tao ki~u va cac lenh ghi kfch thuoc moo: trong hop thoai "Dimemsion Style

Manager" co hien thi anh minh hoa cac kich thuoc chon. Co them cac lenh ghi kich thuoc

Ut Qdim, Qleader.

AutoCAD 2000 duoc ket hop chat che voi internet: caclenh Open, Save co

th~ tim kiern va cap nhat cac ban ve va cac du an tren internet.

1.2. KHOI DONG VA MAN HINH DO HOA.CUA AUTOCAD 2000

1.2.1. KhOi dong

Neu trong may da cai d~t chirong trinh AutoCAD 2000, d~ khoi dong ban di con tro

vao bieu tU"{1ng(hlnhl.1)

a tren man hinh Windows Desktop va nhay diip

2 Ian phim trai

chuot.

. Neu tren Windows Desktop chua co bieu nrong nay thi ban tao bieu tuong bang each

an phirn phai chuot tren man hinh Windows Desktop va tiep tuc chi vao:

New>S hortc utz-Brow set-Pro gram files>Acad2000>billl tl((;mg>Ope nz-Next>Finis h.

Ban cling co the khoi dong bang file acad.exe trong thu muc Acad2000.

1.2.2. Man hlnh AutoCAD2000

Sau khi khoi d¢ng, man hlnh AutoCAD2000 xuat hi~n h¢p tho<;liStartup nhu

hlnh 1.2 du6'i day.

CHUONG

1

MODAU

l.1.GIOI THI~U AUTOCAD 2000

Cong nghe thiet ke va gia cong diroc tro giup cua may tinh (CAD_Computer Aided

Design. CAM_Computer Aided Manufacturing) dang duoc su dung nhieu trong cac linh

vue ky thuat va trong san xuat. No thuc su thay d6i ve chat trong cong tac thiet ke va gia

cong va mang lai nang suat lao dong cao hon, chat Iuong tot hon.

CAD thuong duoc irng dung trong cac linh vue sau: Ve kien true, xay dung, ve ky

thuat COkhi, dien nr, oro, hang khong, ve ban do, thiet ke studio nha hat, quay phim, ve

cac kieu trang tr'lhiep moi v.v... Su dung CAD ban co th~ lap cac ban ve thiet ke

2

chieu(2D-two dimensions), cac mo hinh 3 chieu(3D-three dimensions) va co th~ phan tich,

tfnh toan cac ket cau bang phirong phap phan tll'hiru hL;ln(FEA-analysis).

Hien nay tren the gioi d!l co rat nhieu phan mern CAD, nhung AutoCAD la phan

mern cua hang AutoDesk dang diroc sir dung ph6 bien nhat. Cac ban ve thl;i"chi¢n bang

thu6'c va compa thi deu ca th~ sll'dl;lngAutoCAD thl;l'Chi~n chfnh xac, nhanh chang hon.

Phien ban m6'i nhat cho t6'i nay la AutoCAD 2000. Na cIWy trong moi truang ella

Windows 95 tro ve sau va Windows NT. Phan mem nay wong thfch duqc v6'i da so cac

phan nem va phan cung ph6 bien hi~n nay.

* Cau hinh chinh cua may PC cho AutoCAD 2000 la:

H~ dieu hanh Windows 95 tro ve sau, Windows NT 4.0

Pentium 133 tro len

64 MB RAM (minimum la 32 MB, it hon AutoCAD 2000 chL;lych~m va khong

6n dinh)

6 c~ng con trong can 16'nhon 130 MB va 64 MB swap space

Video display 1024x768 VGA (toi thi~u la 800x600 VGA), Color: High

Color[16 bit].

* Nhfrng di~m moi chu yeu cua AutoCAD 2000 so voi cac phien ban truoc la:

Mo duqc nhieu files ban ve m¢t luc

Ca phuong thuc Object snaps m6'i: parallel, extension

Properties window: la kha nang giao di~n m6'i d~ hi~u chinh nhieu d~c tfnh

clla eac doi tuqng m¢t each nhanh chang hon.

- Che d¢ AutoTrack: la phuong thuc nh~p di~m theo gac dinh hU6'ng duqc cho

tru6'c: polar tracking va object snap tracking.

AutoCAD DesignCenter: la chuc nang giup bL;lntim va sll' dl;lng lL;lieac thanh

phan clla ban ve dii tL;lo.Khi nhay(cIick) vao ban ve thi DesignCenter hi~n ra cac

blocks(khoi), dimstyles(ki~u ghi kfch thu6'c), textstyles(ki~u viet chfr), layers(l6'p),

linetypes(ki~u duang net), xrefs(ban ve tham khao ngoai), layouts(sap xep d~ in).

Xref editting: d~ hi~u chinh eac doi wqng ve tham khao ngoai ca tren ban ve

hi~n thai. SI!thay d6i da ca th~ c~p nh~t tro lL;licho ban ve goc tham khao.

3Dedit: la chuc nang hi~u chinh mo hinh khoi d~c 3D. B<;lnca th~ hi~u chinh

mo hinh 3D bang nhfrng l~nh m6'i: extrude, copy, move, rotate, offset cac solid, gan mau

va hi~u chinh tUng solid COso.

Slt dl;lng AutoCAD 2000 19

Hlnh 1.6: Screen menu. .. ~,Polyline . ";1' .".I;'~gon .. ",' Aect~ngle :."'.~., ...-.),.." ..,...~. .-..:::~~;.~::- " .

Eolyhne

e~~i

Qicle ,/

~~

.

~!1fine

EUip;8

FILE

EDIT

VIEW1

~vIEwi"

INSI:;RT

FORMAT· TOOLS 1

.TOOLS 2

DRAWl

DRAW 2

DIMNSION

MODIFY1"

MODIFY2

Screen Menu E3

AotoCAD

.-_·~·"~'~.:X

Hinh 1.4: H9P thoai Options. , ,

_Pull-down menu: la danh rnuc keo xuong, khi ban chon 1 danh muc ~h~nh tren

Menu bar. Vi du ban chon danh muc chinh la Draw se,eo ~ull-do~n ~enu ~ hm~ 1.5. ,

_ Screen menu: (hinh 1.6) la danh muc man h,mh eh~a cae nhom" It;n~ e~a

AutoCAD. Vai AutoCAD2000 thi Screen menu khcng de n:~e dinh. ,B<;ln,muon h~t;n/tat

h9P thoai Screen menu hay rna h9P thoai Optio,?s nhu tren (hinh 1.4) va rna trang Display

sau do danh dau vao 0 "Display screen menu . , .,

, _Command line va Command window: cac do~g n~~e l~?h(e~mmand l~ne)~,nam.

trong cira s6 lenh(command window). Day la noi ban ~lao ue,p ~al m~y. B<;1neo .t~e l.~~

ron ha eo he vung eommand window bang each chi eon tro vao duong 1~an~1gl,Oigl~a

v~n~ dl hoa v~~ommand window eho den khi xuat hien 2 vach song song thi keo len hoac

21

ill iJ::B

"'(:t;,,,,,~=,,,;;,,,,~,;;;:,~;;::,,,,c;;,",",,",t:"""""";';""""'"::"';;:;::"':'''::''''::'''''~'''''':'',' ' ' . . , ," ..,...,...,.,.,.... ,'." " ''''''''','

~~g,gOO~""~J@47"J),Q99Q"",'''''''' ""'':,~,,,,,,,,,,J,Sli~j ,GflIQ:P.Bll:!Q! f'9bAfl\ Q,~~AP;,PJJ'l,o·,l;;tSi LWri MODEL

~St,,!tH~A""oCAO 20,00 . (Dra,:. '.l1Y ty!ieros,ott\i{ord-Sh1doc. I li:iif706:?i"

Hlnh 1.3: Man hinh AutoCAD 2000.

- Drawing area: la vung do hO<;1(graphics) eo dien tich 16'0nhat a gitra man hinh,

Ban eo the dat mau cho vung nay bang each rna h9P thoai Options (hinh 1.4) nhu sau:

Menu bar> Tool> Options> Display> Color

- Cursor: la eon tro eo hinh 0 vuong, Ban eo th~ dinh kfch thuoc 0 vuong nay bang

each rna h9P thoai Options I1hu tren va rna trang Selection, sau do keo thanh truqt

Pick box size (hlnh 1.4).

- Crosshair: la 2 sqi toe theo phuong X va Y giao nhau t<;lidi~m gifra con tr6

(cursor). B<),uco th~ d!uh kfeh thuae 2 sqi toe nay bang each rna h9P tho<;liOptions nhu

tren hlnh 1.4 duai day, va rna trang Display, sau d6 keo thanh truqt Crosshair .

- Menu bar: la danh ml,le ehinh nam phia tren man hlnh. No gom eae nh6m l~nh

AutoCAD nhu: File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools, Draw, Dimension, Modify ...

o

B;,E:.?<!'i'£' I I.

'

~Eile E:tIiL 'Y:iew sert' F,Qlm",!' Tools" Qiaw

,11D .~ m;li ~ [,l ~ i ~ .~ ...•...'~ '" i ori ,JL,.;..".". "":,, "",;",.,;",:"",.", ":,,, ",;"", ..,;'" """',:::,,:,,;,,:::,,,,":,,:. ,'", ....,,;.., ,

.

"E! ~JI va .. ~~o "''',' i1J~I".-:-"B':"" .•,.~,~~a-~~-r-"'":===-iMa:e;-~--::;y

- Trang Start from Scrastch: neu an nut Metric thi ban ve moi co don vi la mm

va kich thiroc 420x297; con nut English thi don vi la insh (tac Anh) va kich thuoc 12x9.

- Trang Usre a Template: cho phep ban Slr dung cac ban ve mauf'Iemplate) eo san

cua AutoCAD 2000 (cac files nay eo duoi la "DWT). Ban eo th~ chon ban ve mau ANSI￾tieu chuan My, ISO-tieu chuan quae te, Dll-l-tieu chuan Due ...

- Trang User a Wizard: a day ban co th~ tu xac lap don vj(UNITS), kich thuoc

rieng eho ban ve mau ban dau dua tren rnau cua aeadiso.dwt. * Chit j: neu h9P thoai Startup hoac h9P thoai Creat New Drawing khong xuat

hien, ban rna h9P thoai Options nhir sau:

Menu bar>TooI>Options>System>Danh (Mil () "Show Startup dialog"

H9P thoai Options diroc chi ra (jhinh 1.4 duoi day.

Neu ban khong sir dung 4 trang noi tren, hay an vao nut Cancel hoac phim ESC d~

tro v~ man hinh AutoCAD 2000 (hlnh 1.3). Duoi day trinh bay eae \lung man hinh:

20 ChU'dng 1: Mc1dau

Htnh 1.10: Oie shortcut menus.

ar EDIT: dlI ket thuc 1 l~nh(vi d1;ll~nh circle), neu b.,l.I1an phim phai chu¢t tren

vung do hO<;1thl h9P tho<,lishortcut menu se xuat hi~n. Trong do chua cac It!a ch9n dung d~

hi~u chinh (edit).

1). Pull-down menu: > view> toolbar

> lu)p tllOgi toolbars ... (hlnh 1.7)

2). cM len standard tool bar

+ phfm plldi clllIr)t> shortcut menu (hlnh 1.8)

>

customize> I/(!p tllOgi tool bars ...

3). go ban phfm: command: toolbar

> hr)p tllOgi toolbars ...

d. Default e. Ole f. Grips'

fiepeat UNDO

a).Edit b).Command c).Object snap

Q~lckselect...

Euiq:, . ~Pti9n;,;.

Hinh 1.8: Shortcut menu.

r;usto~)ize ...

Viewports

Web .. ,

Zo;;,i':···

View

Cul

kOPY

COpywith l!ase Point

Ea:te

Bepeat Circle Surfilces UCS"o'··

UCSU'

" Standard Toolbar

Solids Editing

TemporalJ'tracls point

from

Pain! Fillers

Hender

Shade

Souds

Reference

Hinh 1.9: Thanh cong C1;lToolbar cac lenh Draw.

5- Shortcut menu: shortcut menu la h9P thoai menu phim tat; no chua cac

lenh va cac hra chon giup ban ve nhanh chong han. Khi ve ban co the lam no xuat hien bat

cir hie nao bang each dira con tro VaGvung do hoa va nhay phim phai

chuot. Duoi day la 6 shortcut menus trong vung do hO<;1(hinh 1.10):

edit, command, object snap, default, ole, grips.

Insert

Lay~4ts

., Mo'dify

MOdify"

"

..Object Properties

". Object Snap

Refedit

H tch Inquiry

Tren h9P thoai tool bars ban chi VaGcac

a vuong se lam hien ra hay tat di cac thanh

cong C1;ltren man hinh do hO<;1.

Tren hlnh 1.9 duoi day Ia thanh cong C1;lToolbar cua cac lenh

ve(DRA W). Ban co

th~ chi con tro len phia tren thanb cong ClJ

nay, an phim trai chuot giii

va di toi

vi tri can

dat thanh cong C1;lcho tien loi.

300ibit

Dimension

" Dra

W

Htnh 1.7:

H9P thoai Toolbars.

r barge Buttons

w

<li ....ol;'l T(jolTips

Menu

Group: Eioperties ...

.:.I ..." CYstomize ... .!:!ew...

D3D Orbit

181 Dimension

181 Dra

w

Dlnquiry

Dlnsert

DLayouts

181 Modify

Tren

h9P thoai Toolbars ban danh dau Va

Gcac

a nao rna

ban muon hien hay tat cac Toolbars,

!~

mmlllll.II.:1111mlll

_ I;_

?I·~

J

uoc uen a ang cac cac sau ay:

1). Go lenh: Toolbar> hop thoai Toolbars (hinh 1.7).

2). Dung Pull-down menu: View> Toolbar>hop thoai

Toolbars.

2). Dung Pull-down menu: View> Toolbar>hop thoai

Toolbars.

1.3. cAc CACH NH!P L~NH CHO AUTOCAD THl)'C HI~N

Khi (j duoi day man hinh hien ra Ioi nhac "Command:" nrc la AutoCAD dang san

sang tiep nhan lenh cua ban dua ra. Ban co th6 vao lenh bang cac each sau day:

1- Vao lenh tir ban phim:

ban go ten lenh tir ban phim sau do a

n

Enter(.J) hoac Space-bar d

~ AutoCAD thuc hien, Vi du goi lenh Line:

Command: line .J

2- Screen menu: ban dung chuot chi VaG screen menu (j ben phai man hinh

(hinh 1.6), di con tro kich sang lenh va bam phim trai chuot (Pick). Vi du dung chuot goi

lenh line tir screen menu nhu sau:

screen menu> draw> line

3- Pul-down menu: ban cling co th

~ dua con tro t6i dong menu-bar (j tren

dinh man hlnh, kfch sang mot menu chinh va bam phim trai chuot se hien ra pull-down

menu d~

ban chon lenh. Vi du dung chuot goi lenh line tir pul-down menu nhu sau:

menu bar> draw> line (hinh 1.5 (jtren)

4- Toolbar: la thanh cong C1;lchua cac nhorn nut lenh. Cac thanh cong C1;lco the

goi ra tir:

- Toolbars: la cac thanh cong cu chua cac nut lenh cua AutoCAD. Tren dinh man

hinh thuong co thanh cong C1;lchuan Standard toolbar. Cac thanh cong C1;lkhac co th

~

d I . A /t" t be, , h d A

sa d\Jng AutoCAD 2000 23 22 ChLtdng 1: Md dau