Studying and proposing for developing environmental management system based in ISO 14001 in Phu Quoc International Airport :Master's thesis - Major : Sciences and management of the environment

THE JOINT ACADEMIC PROGRAM OF EXECUTIVE MASTER IN

SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT

BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY

AND LIÈGE UNIVERSITY

HOANG DIEU THUY

STUDYING AND PROPOSING FOR

DEVELOPING ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BASED ON ISO

14001 IN PHU QUOC INTERNATIONAL

AIRPORT

Major: EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF

THE ENVIRONMENT

MASTER’S THESIS

HOCHIMINH CITY, YEAR 2018

The project was completed at The Industrial University of Hochiminh City

Supervisor’s name: .......................................................................................................

(Write full name and signature)

The thesis was taken at The Industrial University of Hochiminh City date . . . . .

month . . . . year . . . . .

Committee members (name):

1. .........................................................................- Committee Chair

2. .........................................................................- Commissioner

3. .........................................................................- Secretary

(Write full name and signature)

COMMITTEE CHAIR DEAN OF INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to send my sincere thanks to the professors of University of Liege and

IESEM, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, who have imparted knowledge

to me in recent years. It is very important for me to be able to successfully complete

my dissertation.

I am highly indebted to my supervisors Dr. Le Hoang Anh for his persistent effort in

guiding, supervising and encouraging me throughout the course of study.

I would like to thank Prof. HAUGLUSTAINE Jean-Marie, Prof. Le Hung Anh, MSc.

Nguyen Ngoc Minh Son for their advice and encouragement.

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ABSTRACT

Production of passengers and cargo through airports in VietNam have been

developing annual. Aviation industry brings a lot of benefits of economy, politics and

national security but it also impact on environment and effect on people’s health at

adjacent resident areas of airports. These reasons is a challenge for mission of

airport’s management, planning and developing.

Therefore, with the purpose of having a part in environmental protection and bringing

out efficient solutions to minimize environmental pollutions for airports in VietNam.

I carried out thesis “Studying and proposing for developing environmental

management system based on ISO 14001 in Phu Quoc International Airport”. Base

on the theory of ISO 14001, scientific and actual foundations to define significant

aspects, environmental impacts, goals and norms of environment when Phu Quoc

International Airport is in full-capacity operation state. Since then, I propose a

appropriate environmental management system (EMS), necessary procedures,

general solutions for EMS in Phu Quoc International Airport in order to control and

minimize polutants of airport’s operation.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................5

LIST OF FIGURES.....................................................................................................6

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.....................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................8

1. The reason for choosing the topic ...........................................................................8

2. Objectives of the study............................................................................................9

3. Subjects and scope of the study ..............................................................................9

3.1 Research Subjects..................................................................................................9

3.2 Research Scope .....................................................................................................9

3.3 Limitations of the subject....................................................................................10

4. Time and place of the study ..................................................................................10

4.1 Time of the study ................................................................................................10

4.2 Place of the study ................................................................................................10

CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................11

1.1 Underlying theory of ISO 14001-2015’s environmental management

system........................................................................................................................11

1.2 Benefits of ISO 14001 EMS establishment ........................................................11

1.3 Targets of EMS ...................................................................................................13

1.4 Brief description Phu Quoc International Airport...............................................14

1.4.1 General information .........................................................................................14

1.4.2 Location............................................................................................................15

1.4.3 Area and scale ..................................................................................................15

1.4.4 Capacity............................................................................................................15

1.4.5 Demands of labor, energy and water ...............................................................16

1.4.6 Current operation of Phu Quoc international airport .......................................18

CHAPTER 2 STUDY SITE, CONTENTS AND METHODOLOGY..............23

2.1 Study site .............................................................................................................23

2.1.1 Terrain, soil and geological properties of the study site ..................................23

2.1.2 Climate and meteorological conditions............................................................24

2.1.3 Hydrology/oceanography.................................................................................29

2.2 Contents of study.................................................................................................30

2.3 Methods...............................................................................................................31

2.3.1 Methodology ....................................................................................................31

2.3.2 Method of risk matrix to identify significant environmental aspects..............32

2.3.3 Collection of documents ..................................................................................32

2.3.4 Consultation method ........................................................................................33

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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS OF STUDY ...............................................................34

3.1 Environmental matters in Phu Quoc international airport ..................................34

3.2 Prediction of waste-related impacts....................................................................38

3.3 Non waste-related impacts..................................................................................43

3.4 Present environmental protection in Phu Quoc international airport..................44

3.5 Existing environmental quality of the study site.................................................45

3.5.1 Monitoring sites ...............................................................................................45

3.5.2 Results of monitoring.......................................................................................47

3.5.3 Reviews and comments....................................................................................50

3.6 Environmental aspects in the operation of Phu Quoc international airport........52

3.7 Environmental aspects of significance................................................................58

3.8 Possibility to apply ISO 14001 EMS to Phu Quoc international airport ............60

3.8.1 Leader commitments........................................................................................60

3.8.2 Financial capability ..........................................................................................60

3.8.3 Human resource ...............................................................................................60

3.9 Recommendations to prepare an EMS manual for Phu Quoc international

airport ........................................................................................................................61

CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS........................63

4.1 Conclusion...........................................................................................................63

4.2 Recommendations...............................................................................................63

REFERENCES..........................................................................................................66

ANNEX.....................................................................................................................67

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Rainfall at the monitoring station (Phu Quoc station) [8] ........................25

Table 2.2 Mean humidity at the monitoring station (Phu Quoc station) [8].............26

Table 2.3 Mean air temperature at the monitoring station (Phu Quoc station) [8]...27

Table 2.4 Wind regime at the monitoring station (Phu Quoc station) [8] ................28

Table 3.1 Activities and sources of impacts during operation [4] ............................34

Table 3.2 Subjects and scope of impacts in the operation phase [9] ........................35

Table 3.3 Prediction of air quality in 2020 [4]..........................................................38

Table 3.4 Prediction of pollution loads in sanitary wastewater of the passenger

terminal after expansion of Phu Quoc international airport [4]................................39

Table 3.5 Loads and concentrations of pollutants in sanitary wastewater [4]..........40

Table 3.6 Volume of routine waste of Phu Quoc international airport [4]...............41

Table 3.7 Prediction of routine waste of Phu Quoc international airport [4] ...........41

Table 3.8 Prediction of volumes, compositions ad codes of hazardous waste from the

airport in 2020 [4] .....................................................................................................42

Table 3.9 Prediction of noise level, compared with the current one [4]...................43

Table 3.10 Prediction of vibration in the access route to the terminal after expansion

[10] ............................................................................................................................44

Table 3.11 Air quality monitoring sites [11].............................................................46

Table 3.12 Surface and ground water quality monitoring sites [11].........................46

Table 3.13 Results of microclimate and air quality [11]...........................................47

Table 3.15 Results of Tranh river [11]......................................................................48

Table 3.16 Results of ground water [11]...................................................................49

Table 3.17 Result of wastewater after treatment [11]...............................................50

Table 3.18 Environmental aspects due to the operation of the airport till 2020 [5] .53

Table 3.19 List of environmental aspects of significance of Phu Quoc international

airport [5]...................................................................................................................59

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 EMS Model [2]........................................................................................13

Figure 1.2 The location of Phu Quoc international airport [5] .................................15

Figure 1.3 The of Phu Quoc international airport [6] ...............................................18

Figure 1.4 Existing conditions of the parking...........................................................22

Figure 1.5 Existing conditions of the linking taxiways ............................................22

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ACV Airports Cooporation of Vietnam

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP Environmental Management Program

EMS Environmental management system

EMB Environmental management board

EMR Environmental management representative

GDP Gross Domestic Product

ICAA International Council on Active Aging

ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization

ISO International Organization for Standardization

JBIC Japan Bank for International Cooperation

JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency

ODA Official Development Assistance

PQ Phu Quoc

QCVN National Technical Regulation

SIA Significant environmental aspects

TCVN Vietnamese standard system

VESDI Vietnam Environment and Sustainble Developmemnt Institute

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INTRODUCTION

1. The reason for choosing the topic

Phu Quoc international airport is a gateway of the pearl island of Phu Quoc in Kien

Giang province. It has a critical role to play in the development of Phu Quoc to be a

tourist and service center of high quality, and at the same time, a commercial hub

amid domestic, regional and international regions. Its passenger throughput is

predicted at 2.65 million in the end of the year 2017.

According to an amended plan, Phu Quoc international airport will be transformed

and upgraded to reach the annual capacity of 7 million passengers and 27,600 tons

by 2030.

According to a document of the Civil Aviation Administration[1] of Vietnam in 2016,

the role of the airports system is of significance as it bridges focal economic zones in

the nation and to the region, making the momentum for the global integration of

Vietnam in the future. Recently, in line with the open and renovation policy of the

Communist Party, Vietnam civil aviation, particularly the system of airports have

received large investments and consequently got important changes in stature, with

new and advanced infrastructure and equipment, and runways upgraded to

accommodate modern airplanes. The fleet of airplanes of the national airlines is

developing, in both quantity and quality, to keep pace with other airlines in the region

and in the world. The throughput of international passengers is growing by 10% on

average. Together with economic growth, the pressure of the environment on airports

has been a challenge to aviation administrators and policy makers.

It is a prerequisite for us to be aware of environmental impacts in the operation of

airports. That means we have to study, approach and assess them to take proper and

scientific management and treatment solutions. That is how to secure the clean and

sustainable environment for surrounding inhabitants. And more importantly, the

solutions underlie ODA loaning for airport development projects in the future.

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Furthermore, that is required by laws. In the national environmental protection

strategy till 2010 and vision to 2020, which was passed under Decision 256/2003/QĐ￾TTg dated 02 December 2003 by the Prime Minister, by the year 2010, 50% of

manufacturing and trading establishments in Vietnam shall have certificates of

meeting environmental standards or ISO 14001 and by 2020, the percentage shall be

80%. As such, in the course of serving socio-economic growth, airports should

contribute to environmental protection, that is to take environmental protection into

account during their operations.

Therefore “Studying and proposing for developing environmental management

system based on ISO 14001 in Phu Quoc International Airport” is essential as it

helps to predict, prevent, control and mitigate environmental impacts due to

operations of the airport and thereby harmonizes economic growth and environmental

protection.

2. Objectives of the study

- To study the requirements and necessary basis for building the environmental

management system according to ISO 14001: 2015 for the Phu Quoc International

Airport

- To predict, prevent, control and mitigate environmental impacts due to operations

of the airport

- To build an environmental management system for Phu Quoc International Airport

based on ISO 14001:2015

3. Subjects and scope of the study

3.1 Research Subjects

The research for activities of Phu Quoc international airport for the control and

mitigation of pollution due to its operation.

3.2 Research Scope

- The study is aimed at recommending to set up an environmental management

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system that suits the features of Phu Quoc international airport as well as

comprehensive solutions for the control and mitigation of pollution due to its

operation.

- Environmental management system based on ISO 14001:2015

3.3 Limitations of the subject

Proposed solutions for the building environmental management system for Phu Quoc

international airport based on ISO 14001 and not for ISO 14001 certification.

4. Time and place of the study

4.1 Time of the study

The study was carried out from December 2016 to November 2017 with 03 stages.

1. From December 2016 to March 2017: Data collection, documents

2. From March 2017 to May 2017: Data collection on environmental status

3. From May 2017 to October 2017: Thesis completion

4.2 Place of the study

Phu Quoc International Airport

Duong To commune, Phu Quoc district, Kien Giang province