Storage networking protocol fundamentals

Storage Networking Protocol Fundamentals

By James Long

...............................................

Publisher: Cisco Press

Pub Date: May 18, 2006

Print ISBN-10: 1-58705-160-5

Print ISBN-13: 978-1-58705-160-9

Pages: 552

Table of Contents | Index

A concise introduction to storage networking protocols

Introduces network administrators to the requirements of storage protocols

Compares and contrasts the basic functionality of Ethernet, IP, and Fibre Channel

The Fundamental series from Cisco Press launches the basis to readers for understanding the

purpose, application, and management of technologies

A plethora of new storage networking products have appeared on the market, and more are

expected to appear as the market continues to expand. The IDC predicts the total storage/storage

networking market will reach $71.4 billion in 2006. With so many new storage networking

products on the market, the Fundamentals series from Cisco press is the ideal series for a storage

networking protocols book. Network administrators, system administrators, and storage

administrators must develop new skills to effectively deploy and support new storage networking

products as the paradigm continues to shift. This book is aimed at readers who have recently

entered the storage networking field. The foundational learning in the book will provide the reader

with a basic comparison of various networking technologies that are commonly used to transport

mainstream storage protocols. In particular it provides a comparative analysis of Ethernet, TCP/IP

and Fibre Channel in the context of storage. This book starts with an overview of the storage

networking industry then proceeds to an overview of the OSI Reference Model and common

network protocols. Next, implementation of common services within each protocol is compared.

The book then turns its focus from general networking to storage networking by introducing the

reader to storage-specific protocols. The book concludes with a brief introduction to storage

protocol analysis and technologies related storage networking.

Storage Networking Protocol Fundamentals

By James Long

...............................................

Publisher: Cisco Press

Pub Date: May 18, 2006

Print ISBN-10: 1-58705-160-5

Print ISBN-13: 978-1-58705-160-9

Pages: 552

Table of Contents | Index

A concise introduction to storage networking protocols

Introduces network administrators to the requirements of storage protocols

Compares and contrasts the basic functionality of Ethernet, IP, and Fibre Channel

The Fundamental series from Cisco Press launches the basis to readers for understanding the

purpose, application, and management of technologies

A plethora of new storage networking products have appeared on the market, and more are

expected to appear as the market continues to expand. The IDC predicts the total storage/storage

networking market will reach $71.4 billion in 2006. With so many new storage networking

products on the market, the Fundamentals series from Cisco press is the ideal series for a storage

networking protocols book. Network administrators, system administrators, and storage

administrators must develop new skills to effectively deploy and support new storage networking

products as the paradigm continues to shift. This book is aimed at readers who have recently

entered the storage networking field. The foundational learning in the book will provide the reader

with a basic comparison of various networking technologies that are commonly used to transport

mainstream storage protocols. In particular it provides a comparative analysis of Ethernet, TCP/IP

and Fibre Channel in the context of storage. This book starts with an overview of the storage

networking industry then proceeds to an overview of the OSI Reference Model and common

network protocols. Next, implementation of common services within each protocol is compared.

The book then turns its focus from general networking to storage networking by introducing the

reader to storage-specific protocols. The book concludes with a brief introduction to storage

protocol analysis and technologies related storage networking.

Storage Networking Protocol Fundamentals

By James Long

...............................................

Publisher: Cisco Press

Pub Date: May 18, 2006

Print ISBN-10: 1-58705-160-5

Print ISBN-13: 978-1-58705-160-9

Pages: 552

Table of Contents | Index

Copyright

About the Author

Acknowledgments

Icons Used in This Book

Foreword

Introduction

Part I: Storage Networking Landscape

Chapter 1. Overview of Storage Networking

Brief History of Storage

Drivers for Change

What Is a Storage Network?

Block Storage Protocol Review: ATA, SCSI, and SBCCS

Mainframe Storage Networking: ESCON and FICON

File Server Protocol Review: CIFS, NFS, and DAFS

Backup Protocols: NDMP and EXTENDED COPY

Optical Technologies: SONET/SDH, DWDM/CWDM, and RPR/802.17

Virtualization Implementations: Host, Storage Subsystem, and Network

Summary

Review Questions

Chapter 2. OSI Reference Model Versus Other Network Models

OSI Reference Model

SCSI Bus Interface and the ANSI T10 SCSI-3 Architecture Model

Ethernet and the IEEE 802 Reference Model

TCP/IP Suite and the ARPANET Model

Fibre Channel Architecture and ANSI T11 Model

Summary

Review Questions

Chapter 3. Overview of Network Operating Principles

Conceptual Underpinnings

SCSI Parallel Interface

Ethernet

TCP/IP Suite

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Fibre Channel

Summary

Review Questions

Chapter 4. Overview of Modern SCSI Networking Protocols

iSCSI

FCP

FCIP

iFCP

Summary

Review Questions

Part II: OSI Layers

Chapter 5. OSI Physical and Data-Link Layers

Conceptual Underpinnings

SCSI Parallel Interface

Ethernet

Fibre Channel

Summary

Review Questions

Chapter 6. OSI Network Layer

Internet Protocol

Fibre Channel

Summary

Review Questions

Chapter 7. OSI Transport Layer

TCP/IP Suite

Fibre Channel

Summary

Review Questions

Chapter 8. OSI Session, Presentation, and Application Layers

iSCSI Operational Details

FCP Operational Details

FCIP Operational Details

Summary

Review Questions

Part III: Advanced Network Functionality

Chapter 9. Flow Control and Quality of Service

Conceptual Underpinnings of Flow Control and Quality of Service

Ethernet Flow Control and QoS

IP Flow Control and QoS

TCP Flow Control and QoS

iSCSI Flow Control and QoS

FC Flow Control and QoS

FCP Flow Control and QoS

FCIP Flow Control and QoS

Summary

Review Questions

Chapter 10. Routing and Switching Protocols

Conceptual Underpinnings of Routing and Switching Protocols

Ethernet Switching Protocols

IP Routing Protocols

FC Switching Protocols

Summary

Review Questions

Chapter 11. Load Balancing

Conceptual Underpinnings of Load Balancing

Load Balancing with Networking Technologies

Load Balancing with Session-Oriented Technologies

End Node Load-Balancing Techniques

Summary

Review Questions

Chapter 12. Storage Network Security

Conceptual Underpinnings of Storage Network Security

AAA Protocols

Management Protocols

Ethernet Security

IP Security

TCP Security

iSCSI Security

Fibre Channel Security

FCP Security

FCIP Security

Summary

Review Questions

Chapter 13. Storage Management Protocols

Conceptual Underpinnings of Storage Management Protocols

TCP/IP Management

FC Management

SCSI Management

Summary

Review Questions

Chapter 14. Protocol Decoding and Traffic Analysis

The Purpose of Protocol Decoding

Methods of Traffic Capture

Types of Protocol Decoders

Protocol Decoder Screenshots

Purpose of Traffic Analysis

Types of Traffic Analyzers

Summary

Review Questions

Part IV: Appendixes

Appendix A. Standards and Specifications

American National Standards Institute (ANSI) InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS) T10

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ANSI INCITS T11

Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF)

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA)

Direct Access File System (DAFS) Collaborative

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)

Vendor Documents

Appendix B. Acronyms and Abbreviations

Appendix C. Answers to Review Questions

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

Chapter 12

Chapter 13

Chapter 14

Glossary

A

B

C

D

E

F

GH

I

JK

L

M

N

OP

QR

S

T

UVW

Index

Copyright

Storage Networking Protocol Fundamentals

James Long

Copyright © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Published by:

Cisco Press

800 East 96th Street

Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any

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brief quotations in a review.

Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

First Printing May 2006

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Number: 2003108300

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Warning and Disclaimer

This book is designed to provide information about storage networking protocols. Every effort has

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The opinions expressed in this book belong to the author and are not necessarily those of Cisco

Systems, Inc.

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Dedication

This book is posthumously dedicated to Don Jones. Don was a good man, a good friend, and a good

mentor.

About the Author

James Long is a storage networking systems engineer who works for Cisco Systems, Inc., in the

Field Sales Organization. James previously held the position of Global Storage Networking

Solutions Architect within the Cisco IT Infrastructure Architecture team. During his tenure in the

Cisco IT organization, James authored design guides, technology evaluations, and strategic

planning documents. Before joining Cisco in 1999, James contracted with AT&T/TCI, Nextel

International, and GTE following five years of employment in the open systems VAR community.

James has more than 16 years of IT experience spanning server administration, database

administration, software development, multiprotocol network design and administration, remote

access solutions design and administration, IP telephony and IP contact center design, content

distribution design, storage network design, and advanced technology evaluation. James holds

numerous technical certifications from Cisco, Microsoft, Novell, SNIA, and CompTIA.

About the Technical Reviewers

Philip Lowden currently works as a storage manager at Cisco Systems, Inc. Prior to this role, he

worked for four years at Cisco and six years at Electronic Data Systems as a senior UNIX systems

administrator performing production systems architecture and support duties on a variety of host

and storage platforms. He was also an officer in the U.S. Air Force for six years. He holds a Masters

of Science degree in computer engineering from North Carolina State University, a Bachelor of

Science degree in computer science from the University of Nebraska, and a Bachelor of Art degree

in English from Saint Meinrad College. He is an SNIA-certified FC-SAN Specialist. Philip is married

and has two children.

Thomas Nosella, CCIE No. 1395, is director of engineering within the Cisco Systems Data Center

Switching Business Unit, an organization responsible for LAN, server fabric, and storage switching

products and solutions. Thomas and his team of technical marketing engineers are responsible for

the creation, validation, and promotion of intelligent and scalable designs and solutions for the

Ciscos enterprise and service provider customer base. Thomas was one of the initial members of

Andiamo Systems, Inc., and helped bring the Cisco MDS 9000 family of SAN switching products to

market. Prior to working on storage, Thomas managed enterprise design teams focused on large￾scale Ethernet design, server farm design, and content delivery networking. Thomas received his

Bachelor of Engineering and Management from McMaster University in Ontario. Thomas received

his CCIE certification in 1995.

Rob Peglar is vice president of Technology, Marketing for Xiotech Corporation. A 28-year industry

veteran and published author, he has global responsibility for the shaping and delivery of strategic

marketing, emerging technologies, and defining Xiotech's product and solution portfolio, including

business and technology requirements, marketing direction, planning, execution, technology

futures, strategic direction, and industry/customer liaison. Rob serves on the Board of Directors for

the Blade Systems Alliance and is the co-author and track chair of the SNIA Virtualization Tutorial.

He has extensive experience in the architecture, design, implementation, and operation of large

heterogeneous SANs, distributed clustered virtual storage architectures, data management,

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disaster avoidance, and compliance, and is a sought-after speaker and panelist at leading storage

and networking-related seminars and conferences worldwide. He holds the B.S. degree in computer

science from Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri and performed graduate work at

Washington University's Sever Institute of Engineering. His research background includes I/O

performance analysis, queuing theory, parallel systems architecture and OS design, storage

networking protocols, and virtual systems optimization.

Acknowledgments

The quality of this book is directly attributable to the many people that assisted during the writing

process. In particular, I would like to thank Mike Blair for his contribution to the

SBCCS/ESCON/FICON section, Tom Burgee for his contribution to the optical section, Joel Christner

for his contribution to the file-level protocols section, and Alan Conley for his contribution to the

management protocols chapter. Additionally, I would like to thank Tuqiang Cao, Mike Frase, and

Mark Bakke for their support. A special thank you goes to Tom Nosella, Phil Lowden, and Robert

Peglar for serving as technical reviewers. Finally, I am very grateful to Henry White for hiring me at

Cisco. Without Henry's confidence in my potential, this book would not have been possible.

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Icons Used in This Book

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