Some features of the language situation in thuan chau district - son la province.

So 5 (247)-2016 NGON NGO * & B(n S6N G 83

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MOT VAI DAC DIEM VE CANH HUONG NGON NGC

(S HUYEN THUAN CHAU, TINH SON LA

SOME FEATRURES OF THE LANGUAGE SITUATION

IN THUAN CHAU DISTRICT - SON LA PROVINCE

BUI THANH HOA

(TS; Dai hgc Tay Bic)

Abstract: Thuan Chau is a district located in the Northern mountainous area of Son La

province which has 28 communes and a town. Like the majority of ethnic minority regions in

Viet Nam in general and in Son La in particular, this is a multiethnic, multilingual region with 10

ethnic groups. In this paper, based on the general theory of language situation, we will describe

some features of the language situation in Thuan Chau in terms of the socio-economic

characteristics, the population distribution, the life of the ethnic minorty people in Thuan Chau,

the characteristics of ethnic minortity language in Thuan Chau, the distribution of language in

the district and the common patiems of language use.

Key words: language situation; ethnic minority; Thuan Chau dicstrict; Son La province.

1. Dgt van de

d vimg dan tfc thilu so (DTTS) ndi chung vd

vimg DTTS Tay Bdc ndi rieng, ngdn ngft vfta Id

mft thanh ^ vdn hod d|ic tiiii, vfta Id cdng cy dl

phat tiiln ti-ong cfng ding x3 hfi. Muln phdt triln

ben vihig viing DTTS thi vifc sft dyng ngdn ngfi

dl phdt triln vdn hda, phdt triln con ngudi vd ndng

cao chit lugng nguIn nhdn lyc ciia cfng dong cu

dan Id ddi hdi cap tiiilt. Ndi cdch khdc, d mdi

trudng ddc thii nay, van dl sft dyng ngdn ngft

mang gia trj nhu la mft yiu tl dl phdt triln xd hfi.

Nghidn cftu cdnh hulng ngdn ngft (CHNN) d mft

(^ biin DTI^ bao gIm hai ngi dung la: nhfn difn

vd xdc dinh mdi trudng, hodn cdnh vd khdng gian

ngudi dSn tfc tiiieu so sft dyng ngdn ngft m? dd vd

ngdn ngit quoc ^a; nhfn difn thai dd n^ n ngft

cda ngudi dan tdc thilu sl. Nhihig sl lifu vd kit

luan ciia vifc nghidn cftu CHNN Id nhihig ca sd

quan trgng cho vide hogch djnh vd Ihyc hifn chfnh

sdch ngdn ngfi.

Thudn Chdu Id mft trong 12 don vi hdnh chfnh

cda tinh Scm La. Cung nhu da sl cdc viing DTTS

khdc, Thudn Chau Id mft viing DTTS da ngft vdi

nhihig ddc film vl CHNN khd diln Wnh cho Son

La ndi ridng, vung Tay Bdc ndi chung.Trong b ^

viet ndy, chung tdi se phan tich mft so dfc dilm

cua CHNN d Thufn Chdu, tft dd cung c ^ them

cdc cft lifu tiiyc te dl kiln nghj mft so fiem gdp

phan hogch djnh chfnh sdch ngdn ngfi - xa hfi phd

hgp vdi dja phuong.

2. Khdi nifm cdnh hudng ngon nga

CHNN la mft khdi nifm quan trgng cda ngdn

ngfi hgc xd hfi. Cdc nhd i^d n cftu ngdn ngft

trong nude ciing nhu trdn the gjdi da dua ra nhieu

cdch hilu vl CHNN. Theo tdc gid Nguyen Vdn

Lgi (2000) tiii ndi din CHNN Id ndi den "to^n bf

hlnh thai ton tgi cda mft ngdn ngfi hay toan bf cdc

ngdn ngfi trong mli quan hf tuong h§ ve mdt Idnh

till - xd hfi vd sy tuong tdc vl m§t chftc nang,

trong gidi han cua mft khu vyc dia If hay mft tiiyc

till hanh chiih - chfrfi tr} nhat djnh" [6]. Cdn theo

Nguyin Vdn Khang tiii: "Canh huong ngdn ngfi

(language situation) Id tinh hinh tin t^ vd hanh

chftc cda cdc ngdn ngft hodc cdc hlnh thftc ciia

ngdn ngft trong pham vi cfng <^ng xd hfi hay

Idnh tiio" [3,581. Nhu vfy. cd till hilu CHNN la

cdc hlnh thai ton tgi vd hdnh chftc cua cdc ngdn

ngft trong mli quan hf vdi cdc yiu tl xd hfi trong

mft cfng dong nhit dinh. CHNN cd thi chi ^di

hgn tiong pham vi cua mft ngdn ngfi hay mft biln

till cda ngdn ngfi (phuang ngfi dia li hay phuong

ngfi xa hfi) cung cd the la cua nhieu ngdn ngfi

hoac nhieu bien till (cdc phuong ngfi dia li vd cdc

phuong ngfi xd hfi).

Cho den nay, tuy djnh ngjila chmh thftc ve

CHNN chua dugc tiling nhit nhung nfi dung cua