Thư viện tri thức trực tuyến
Kho tài liệu với 50,000+ tài liệu học thuật
© 2023 Siêu thị PDF - Kho tài liệu học thuật hàng đầu Việt Nam
Seamounts: Ecology, Fisheries and Conservation
Nội dung xem thử
Mô tả chi tiết
Seamounts: Ecology, Fisheries &
Conservation
Edited by
Tony J. Pitcher
Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Telmo Morato
Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the
Azores, Horta, Portugal
Paul J.B. Hart
Department of Biology, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
Malcolm R. Clark
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research,
Wellington, New Zealand
Nigel Haggan
Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Ricardo S. Santos
Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the
Azores, Horta, Portugal
This page intentionally left blank
Seamounts: Ecology, Fisheries & Conservation
Fish and Aquatic Resources Series
Series Editor: Tony J. Pitcher
Director, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia,
Canada
The Blackwell Publishing Fish and Aquatic Resources Series is an initiative aimed at providing key
books in this fast-moving fi eld, published to a high international standard.
The Series includes books that review major themes and issues in the science of fi shes and the
interdisciplinary study of their exploitation in human fi sheries. Volumes in the Series combine a broad
geographical scope with in-depth focus on concepts, research frontiers and analytical frameworks.
These books will be of interest to research workers in the biology, zoology, ichthyology, ecology and
physiology of fi sh and the economics, anthropology, sociology and all aspects of fi sheries. They will
also appeal to non-specialists such as those with a commercial or industrial stake in fi sheries.
It is the aim of the editorial team that books in the Blackwell Publishing Fish and Aquatic
Resources Series should adhere to the highest academic standards through being fully peer reviewed
and edited by specialists in the fi eld. The Series books are produced by Blackwell Publishing in a
prestigious and distinctive format. The Series Editor, Professor Tony J. Pitcher is an experienced
international author, and founding editor of the leading journal in the fi eld of fi sh and fi sheries.
The Series Editor and Publisher at Blackwell Publishing, Nigel Balmforth, will be pleased to
discuss suggestions, advise on scope, and provide evaluations of proposals for books intended for
the Series. Please see contact details listed below.
Titles currently included in the Series (Full details at www.blackwellfi sh.com)
1. Effects of Fishing on Marine Ecosystems and Communities (S. Hall) 1999
2. Salmonid Fishes (Edited by Y. Altukhov et al.) 2000
3. Percid Fishes (J. Craig) 2000
4. Fisheries Oceanography (Edited by P. Harrison and T. Parsons) 2000
5. Sustainable Fishery Systems (A. Charles) 2000
6. Krill (Edited by I. Everson) 2000
7. Tropical Estuarine Fishes (S. Blaber) 2000
8. Recreational Fisheries (Edited by T.J. Pitcher and C.E. Hollingworth) 2002
9. Flatfi shes (Edited by R. Gibson) 2005
10. Fisheries Acoustics (J. Simmonds and D.N. MacLennan) 2005
11. Fish Cognition and Behavior (Edited by C. Brown, K. Laland and J. Krause) 2006
12. Seamounts (Edited by T.J. Pitcher, T. Morato, P.J.B. Hart, M.R. Clark, N. Haggan and R.S. Santos)
2007
13. Sharks of the Open Ocean (M. Camhi, E. Pikitch and E. Babcock) 2008
For further information concerning books in the series, please contact:
Nigel Balmforth, Professional Division, Blackwell Publishing, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford
OX4 2DQ, UK
Tel: +44 (0) 1865 476501; Fax: +44 (0) 1865 471501
Email: [email protected]
Seamounts: Ecology, Fisheries &
Conservation
Edited by
Tony J. Pitcher
Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Telmo Morato
Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the
Azores, Horta, Portugal
Paul J.B. Hart
Department of Biology, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
Malcolm R. Clark
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research,
Wellington, New Zealand
Nigel Haggan
Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Ricardo S. Santos
Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the
Azores, Horta, Portugal
© 2007 by Blackwell Publishing
Blackwell Publishing editorial offi ces:
Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington
Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK
Tel: +44 (0)1865 776868
Blackwell Publishing Professional, 2121 State
Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014-8300, USA
Tel: +1 515 292 0140
Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd, 550 Swanston
Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
Tel: +61 (0)3 8359 1011
Cover Credits: Les Gallagher/FishPics & ImagDop
The right of the Author to be identifi ed as the
Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents
Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.
Designations used by companies to distinguish
their products are often claimed as trademarks.
All brand names and product names used in
this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The Publisher is not associated with
any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
This publication is designed to provide accurate
and authoritative information in regard to the
subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in
rendering professional services. If professional
advice or other expert assistance is required, the
services of a competent professional should be
sought.
First published 2007 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 978-1-4051-3343-2
Library of Congress Cataloging-inPublication Data
Seamounts : ecology, fi sheries & conservation /
edited by Tony J. Pitcher . . . [et al.].
p. cm. – (Fish and aquatic resources series ; 12)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-3343-2 (hardback : alk.
paper)
1. Seamounts. I. Pitcher, T. J.
GC87.6.S4S414 2007
577.7–dc22
2007022245
A catalogue record for this title is available from
the British Library
Set in 10/13 Times by Charon Tec Ltd
(A Macmillan Company), Chennai, India
www.charontec.com
Printed and bound in Singapore by C.O.S.
Printers Pte Ltd
The publisher’s policy is to use permanent paper
from mills that operate a sustainable forestry
policy, and which has been manufactured from
pulp processed using acid-free and elementary
chlorine-free practices. Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover
board used have met acceptable environmental
accreditation standards.
For further information on Blackwell Publishing,
visit our website:
www.blackwellpublishing.com
Contents
List of Contributors viii
Series Editors Foreword xiv
Preface xvii
Publisher’s Acknowledgement xxii
Acknowledgements xxiii
Part I Introduction and characterization of seamounts 1
1 Seamount characteristics 3
Paul Wessel
2 How many seamounts are there and where are they located? 26
Adrian Kitchingman, Sherman Lai, Telmo Morato and Daniel Pauly
3 A history of seamount research 41
Paul E. Brewin, Karen I. Stocks and Gui Menezes
Part II Biophysical coupling on seamounts 63
4 Physical processes and seamount productivity 65
Martin White, Igor Bashmachnikov, Javier Arístegui and Ana Martins
5 Seamount plankton dynamics 85
Amatzia Genin and John F. Dower
6 Midwater fi sh assemblages and seamounts 101
Filipe M. Porteiro and Tracey Sutton
Part III Biology and ecology of seamount organisms 117
7 Seamount benthos 119
Sarah Samadi, Thomas Schlacher and Bertrand Richer de Forges
8 Corals on seamounts 141
Alex D. Rogers, Amy Baco, Huw Griffi ths, Thomas Hart and Jason M. Hall-Spencer
9 Seamount fi shes: ecology and life histories 170
Telmo Morato and Malcolm R. Clark
10 Fish visitors to seamounts 189
Section A: Tunas and billfi sh at seamounts 189
Kim N. Holland and R. Dean Grubbs
Section B: Aggregations of large pelagic sharks above seamounts 202
Feodor Litvinov
11 Seamounts and cephalopods 207
Malcolm Clarke
12 Air-breathing visitors to seamounts 230
Section A: Marine mammals 230
Kristin Kaschner
Section B: Sea turtles 239
Marco A. Santos, Alan B. Bolten, Helen R. Martins, Brian Riewald
and Karen A. Bjorndal
Section C: Importance of seamounts to seabirds 245
David R. Thompson
Part IV Synoptic views of seamounts 253
13 Biogeography and biodiversity of seamounts 255
Karen I. Stocks and Paul J.B. Hart
14 Raiding the larder: a quantitative evaluation framework and 282
trophic signature for seamount food webs
Tony J. Pitcher and Cathy Bulman
15 Modelling seamount ecosystems and their fi sheries 296
Beth Fulton, Telmo Morato and Tony J. Pitcher
Part V Exploitation, management and conservation 333
16 Small-scale fi shing on seamounts 335
Helder Marques da Silva and Mário Rui Pinho
17 Large-scale distant-water trawl fi sheries on seamounts 361
Malcolm R. Clark, Vladimir I. Vinnichenko, John D.M. Gordon,
Georgy Z. Beck-Bulat, Nikolai N. Kukharev and Alexander F. Kakora
18 Catches from world seamount fi sheries 400
Reg Watson, Adrian Kitchingman and William W. Cheung
19 Impacts of fi sheries on seamounts 413
Malcolm R. Clark and J. Anthony Koslow
20 Management and conservation of seamounts 442
P. Keith Probert, Sabine Christiansen, Kristina M. Gjerde,
Susan Gubbay and Ricardo S. Santos
vi Contents
21 The depths of ignorance: an ecosystem evaluation framework
for seamount ecology, fi sheries and conservation 476
Tony J. Pitcher, Telmo Morato, Paul J.B. Hart, Malcolm R. Clark,
Nigel Haggan and Ricardo S. Santos
Glossary 489
Subject Index 499
Author Index 511
Species Index 523
Contents vii
Javier Arístegui
Facultad de Ciencias del Mar
Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran
Canaria
Spain
E-mail: [email protected]
Amy Baco
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Biology Department
214 Redfi eld, Woods Hole
Massachusetts, 02543
USA
E-mail: [email protected]
Igor Bashmachnikov
Department of Oceanography and
Fisheries
University of the Azores
PT-9901-862, Horta
Portugal
E-mail: [email protected]
Georgy Z. Beck-Bulat
Pacifi c Research Institute of Fisheries and
Oceanography (TINRO)
Karen A. Bjorndal
Vladivostok, Russian Federation
Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle
Research and Department of Zoology
University of Florida
PO Box 118525
Gainesville, FL 32611-8525
USA
E-mail: [email protected] .edu
Alan B. Bolten
Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research
and Department of Zoology
University of Florida
PO Box 118525
Gainesville, FL 32611-8525
USA
E-mail: [email protected] .edu
Paul E. Brewin
San Diego Supercomputer Center
9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla
CA 92093-0505
USA
E-mail: [email protected]
Cathy Bulman
Commonwealth Scientifi c and Industrial
Research Organisation (CSIRO)
Division of Marine and Atmospheric
Research
GPO Box 1538
Hobart, Tasmania, 7001
Australia
E-mail: [email protected]
William W. Cheung
Fisheries Centre
Aquatic Ecosystems Research Laboratory
(AERL)
2202 Main Mall
The University of British Columbia
Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4
Canada
E-mail: w.cheung@fi sheries.ubc.ca
List of Contributors
Sabine Christiansen
Global Environmental Conservation
Organization (WWF International)
North-East Atlantic Program
Am Güthpol 11, D-28757 Bremen
Germany
E-mail: [email protected]
Malcolm Clarke
Rua do Porto 18, S. João
PT-9930 Lajes dos Pico, Açores
Portugal
E-mail: [email protected]
Malcolm R. Clark
National Institute of Water and
Atmospheric Research
Private Bag 14-901
Wellington
New Zealand
E-mail: [email protected]
John F. Dower
Department of Biology and School of
Earth and Ocean Sciences
PO Box 3020
Stn CSC, University of Victoria
Victoria, BC, V8W 3N5
Canada
E-mail: [email protected]
Beth Fulton
Commonwealth Scientifi c and Industrial
Research Organisation (CSIRO)
Division of Marine and Atmospheric
Research
GPO Box 1538
Hobart, Tasmania, 7001
Australia
E-mail: [email protected]
Amatzia Genin
The Inter-university Institute for Marine
Sciences of Eilat and The Hebrew
University of Jerusalem
PO Box 469
Eilat 88103
Israel
E-mail: [email protected]
Kristina M. Gjerde
The World Conservation Union (IUCN)
Global Marine Program
Konstancin-Chylice, 05-510
Poland
E-mail: [email protected]
John D.M. Gordon
Scottish Association for Marine Science
(SAMS)
Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory
Oban, PA37 1QA
Scotland
UK
E-mail: [email protected]
Huw Griffi ths
British Antarctic Survey
High Cross
Madingley Road, Cambridge
Cambridgeshire, CB3 0ET
UK
E-mail: [email protected]
R. Dean Grubbs
Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology
PO Box 1346
Kane‘ohe, HI 96744
USA
E-mail: [email protected]
Susan Gubbay
Bamford Cottages
Upton Bishop
Ross-on-Wye, HR9 7TT
UK
E-mail: [email protected]
Nigel Haggan
1777, East 7th Avenue
Vancouver, BC, V5N, 1S1
Canada
E-mail: n.haggan@fi sheries.ubc.ca
List of Contributors ix
Jason M. Hall-Spencer
School of Biological Sciences
University of Plymouth
Drake’s Circus, Plymouth
Devon, PL4 8AA
UK
E-mail: [email protected]
Paul J.B. Hart
Department of Biology
University of Leicester
Leicester LE1 7RH
UK
E-mail: [email protected]
Thomas Hart
British Antarctic Survey
High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge
Cambridgeshire, CB3 0ET
UK
E-mail: [email protected]
Kim N. Holland
Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology
PO Box 1346
Kane‘ohe, HI 96744
USA
E-mail: [email protected]
Alexander F. Kakora
Polar Research Institute of Marine
Fisheries and Oceanography (PINRO)
Murmansk, Russian Federation
Kristin Kaschner
Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre
Aquatic Ecosystems Research Laboratory
(AERL)
2202 Main Mall
The University of British Columbia
Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4
Canada
Present: Forschungs- und
Technologiezentrum Westküste
Hafentörn, 25761 Büsum
Germany
E-mail: k.kaschner@fi sheries.ubc.ca
Adrian Kitchingman
23/38 Chapman St
North Melbourne
Victoria, 3051
Australia
E-mail: [email protected].
edu.au
Anthony J. Koslow
Commonwealth Scientifi c and Industrial
Research Organisation (CSIRO)
Private Bag 5
Wembley 6913, Perth
Australia
E-mail: [email protected]
Nikolai N. Kukharev
Southern Scientifi c Research Fisheries of
the Marine Fisheries and Oceanography
(YugNIRO)
Kerch
Ukraine
E-mail: fi [email protected]
Sherman Lai
Fisheries Centre
Aquatic Ecosystems Research Laboratory
(AERL)
2202 Main Mall
The University of British Columbia
Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4
Canada
E-mail: s.lai@fi sheries.ubc.ca
Feodor Litvinov
Atlantic Scientifi c Research Institute
of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography
(AtlantNIRO)
5, Dmitry Donskoy Str
Kaliningrad, 236000
Russia
E-mail: fl [email protected]
x List of Contributors
Helder Marques da Silva
Department of Oceanography and Fisheries
University of the Azores
PT-9901-862, Horta
Portugal
E-mail: [email protected]
Ana Martins
Department of Oceanography and Fisheries
University of the Azores
PT-9901-862, Horta
Portugal
E-mail: [email protected]
Helen R. Martins
Department of Oceanography and Fisheries
University of the Azores
PT-9901-862, Horta
Portugal
E-mail: [email protected]
Gui Menezes
Department of Oceanography and
Fisheries
University of the Azores
PT-9901-862, Horta
Portugal
E-mail: [email protected]
Telmo Morato
Department of Oceanography and
Fisheries
University of the Azores
PT-9901-862, Horta
Portugal
E-mail: [email protected]
Daniel Pauly
Fisheries Centre
Aquatic Ecosystems Research Laboratory
(AERL)
2202 Main Mall
The University of British Columbia
Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4
Canada
E-mail: d.pauly@fi sheries.ubc.ca
Mário Rui Pinho
Department of Oceanography and Fisheries
University of the Azores
PT-9901-862, Horta
Portugal
E-mail: [email protected]
Tony J. Pitcher
Fisheries Centre
Aquatic Ecosystems Research Laboratory
(AERL)
2202 Main Mall
The University of British Columbia
Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4
Canada
E-mail: [email protected]
Filipe M. Porteiro
Department of Oceanography and Fisheries
University of the Azores
PT-9901-862, Horta
Portugal
E-mail: fi [email protected]
P. Keith Probert
Department of Marine Science
University of Otago
PO Box 56, Dunedin
New Zealand
E-mail: [email protected].
ac.nz
Bertrand Richer de Forges
Institut de Recherche pour le
Développement (IRD)
Centre de Nouméa (UMR7138 UPMC)
101 Promenade Roger Laroque
Anse Vata
BP A5 – 98848 NOUMEA Cedex
New Caledonia
Bertrand.Richer-de-Forges@
E-mail: noumea.ird.nc
Brian Riewald†
Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research
and Department of Zoology
List of Contributors xi
University of Florida
PO Box 118525
Gainesville, FL 32611-8525
USA
(
†
deceased)
Alex D. Rogers
British Antarctic Survey
High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge
Cambridgeshire, CB3 0ET
UK
Present: Institute of Zoology
Zoological Society of London
Regents Park, London, NW1 4RY
UK
E-mail: [email protected]
Sarah Samadi
Institut de Recherche pour le
Développement (IRD)
213 rue La Fayette
75 480 PARIS Cedex 10
France
E-mail: [email protected]
Marco A. Santos
Department of Oceanography and Fisheries
University of the Azores
PT-9901-862, Horta
Portugal
E-mail: [email protected]
Ricardo S. Santos
Department of Oceanography and
Fisheries
University of the Azores
PT-9901-862 Horta
Portugal
E-mail: [email protected]
Thomas Schlacher
University of the Sunshine Coast
Maroochydore DC Queensland, 4558
Australia
E-mail: [email protected]
Karen I. Stocks
San Diego Supercomputer Center
9500 Gilman Drive
La Jolla, CA 92093-0505
USA
E-mail: [email protected]
Tracey Sutton
Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution
(HBOI)
5600 US 1 North Fort Pierce
Florida, 34946
USA
E-mail: [email protected]
David R. Thompson
National Institute of Water and
Atmospheric Research Ltd
Private Bag 14-901
Kilbirnie, Wellington
New Zealand
E-mail: [email protected]
Vladimir I. Vinnichenko
Polar Research Institute of Marine
Fisheries and Oceanography (PINRO)
Murmansk, Russian Federation
E-mail: [email protected]
Reg Watson
Fisheries Centre
Aquatic Ecosystems Research Laboratory
(AERL)
2202 Main Mall
The University of British Columbia
Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4
Canada
E-mail: r.watson@fi sheries.ubc.ca
Paul Wessel
Department of Geology and Geophysics
xii List of Contributors
School of Ocean and Earth Science and
Technology
University of Hawaii
1680 East-West Road
Honolulu, HI 96822
USA
E-mail: [email protected]
Martin White
Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences
National University of Ireland, Galway
Ireland
E-mail: [email protected]
List of Contributors xiii