Sắc thái dân gian trong ngôn ngữ thơ Nguyễn Bính

SAC THAI DAN GIAN

TRQNE N6QN N6&TtiQf NGUYIN BINti

O LE MINH NGUYET*

1. Vdi nhung cdeh tdn, sdng tqo nghe thudt

tren co sd ke thiro tinh hoo tho truyin thdng, Tho

moi dd thyc sy cd nhirng ddng gdp tich cyc cho

hen trinh hien dqi hod nin tho co ddn tdc. Tho

mdi hqi ty nhiiu khuynh hudng ddc sdc vd d

khuynh hudng ndo cung cd nhung dqi dien xudt

sdc. Binh dj vd khiem nhudng, «ehdn qui" md

sdc sdo tdi hoa, ndng hdu e dp md thdm sdu da

dilt mdt khdt vqng sdng, Nguyen Binh hien dien

Id mdt dinh cao rieng Diet, «khdng oi thay the

duqc" euo phong trdo Tho mdi. Kni nhiiu cdy

but duong thdi say sua trong Idn gid Au hdo,

hqc theo Idi diln dqt tdn ki, xa Iq euo vdn Tdy thi

Nguyin Binh Iqi hm v l tyc ngu, co dao, ddn co

vd Idi dn hing ndi cua ddn que. Ddc gid thdi dy

vd ngdy nay yeu vd thudc nhiiu tho Nguyen Binh

cd le boi «trong mdi ngudi Viet cd mqt ngudi

nhd que" vd khdng oi cd th i vilt hoy v l cdnh

que, hnh que vd hdn que nhu Nguyen Binh.

Chuong trinh Ngu vdn THPT Don co bdn chi

ddnh mdt hit dqc them hm hilu v l phong edch tho

Nguyen Binh (bdi tho «Tuong tu"). Thdi luqng hqn

chi dd khiln gido vien (GV) trdn hd vdi viec Idm

thi ndo d l dqt duqc myc dich giup hqc sinh (HS)

thdy duqc truyin thd'ng tho ca ddn gian trong sdng

tqo nghe thudt euo Nguyin Binh. Vdi viec khdm

phd sdc thdi ddn gion trong ngdn ngir tho Nguyen

Binh, hi vqng bdi vilt ndy se Id mqt ddng gdp nhd

trong viec hm hieu phong each tho Nguyen Binh.

2. Ngdn tt/ nghe thudt Id «ldi ndi, vilt" duqc

diing vdi « tdt cd phdm chdt thdm mTvd khd ndng

nghe thudt cua nd" (1 ; tr. 273), Id chdt lieu de

sdng tdc vdn hqc. Nhd vdn trong qud trinh loo

ddng nghe thudt cua minh dd hip thu ngudn ngdn

ngu nhdn ddn, chqn Iqc, ren giua de duo vdo

vdn bdn ngdn tu euo minh. Ngdn tir nghe thudt Id

mdt trong nhung yeu to quan trqng, the hien cd

hnh sdng tqo, phong cdeh, tdi ndng euo nhd vdn.

Tdi hoa cua Nguyin Binh th i hien rd d viec st/

dyng ngdn ngu tho.

Den vdi the gidi ngdn tir tho Nguyen Binh Id

din vdi ngudn mqeh ngdn ngu trong sdng, gidn

dj, gidu mdu sdc ddn gion, ddn tdc. Nhd phe binh

Hodi Thanh dd khdng djnh: «Gid Nguyen Binh

sinh ra thdi trudc, tdi chde ngudi dd Idm nhirng

cdu ca dao md ddn qui vdn ndt quanh ndm" (2;

tr. 153). Vu<3n tho Nguyin Binh ddy ddc ngdn ngir

ddng que, ddn dd nhu ca dao, thdnh ngu, tyc ngu.

Thi sT dd st> dyng mqt edch ddc dyng, ddc sdc

ngdn ngu ctja Idng Thien Vjnh - Vy Bdn ciing vdi

cdeh ndi vi von mdc mqc md khdng kem phdn tha

thilt euo CO dao d l dien td hnh cdm yeu duong

ndng ndn, da diet euo nhirng ngudi dong yeu:

«Vi chdng nhd cd nhu to nhi/Em thu quay xem

dugc mdy vdng/Vi chdng nhd cd nhu virng nhi/

Em thu ldo xem dugc mdy thung" («Nhd").

Nguyen Binh sir dyng rdt hieu qud tir ngir vd

ldi bilu dqt ctja ngudi que, tqo cho tho dng mdt

net duyen rieng: tdm tdm («Tdm tdm trdi cd dd

mua"), eo dc («Thdn gd eo dc ngodi xo vdng"),

ndm too bdy tuyit («Ndm tao bdy tuyit anh hd

hen", mot thdi ae («Thdn Dodi cdeh mdt thdi di"),

cqn ngdy («Me bdo mua xudn dd cgn nqdy")...

Ngdn ngu tiing Viet hong tho Nguyen Binh khdng

chi dep bdi mdc mqc, ddn dd md cdn boi sinh

ddng, tru hnh, du khd ndng dien td mqi trqng

thdi cdm xuc phong phu.

Cd le Nguyen Binh Id ngudi dem nhiiu nhdt

nhung hinh dnh euo cude sdng ddi thudng vdo

tho hien dqi. «Ddu miing toi", «Hoa cam", «Hoa

budi", «Vudn rau", «Vudn ehe"... trd di trd Iqi

trong tho dng mdt cdeh duyen ddng vd ddm ve

tru hnh euo co dao, dien td mudn mdt ciia tdm

trqng con ngudi: «Lgn khdng nudi ddc ao beo/

Gidu khdng ddy chdng them leo vdo gidn/Gieng

thai mua ngdp nude trdn/Ba gian ddy cd ba

gian ndng chieu" («Qua nhd"j.

Kho thdnh ngir, tyc ngu ciia nhdn ddn dudng

nhu dd duqc Nguyin Binh thdm thdu vd trd thdnh

vd'n liing euo rieng dng, d l khi vdn vdo Idi nhdn

vdt trir hnh chung Kr nhien nhu Id hoi thd. Trong

cdu tho «Tinh tdi mdgiua mua thu/Tlnh em Idng

Idng kin nhu budng tdm", thdnh ngd «kin nhu

budng tdm" dd trd thdnh bieu tuqng ve sy khd

* Tnrcing THPT Phii LfOng, huyen Dai Tiir, hnh Thai Nguyen

Tap chi Giao due s6 25 9 (k. 1 -4/aoii)