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Red hat Fedora Linux 2 all - in - one desk reference for dummies
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by Naba Barkakati
Red Hat ®
Fedora™
Linux®
2
ALL-IN-ONE DESK REFERENCE
FOR
DUMmIES‰
by Naba Barkakati
Red Hat ®
Fedora™
Linux®
2
ALL-IN-ONE DESK REFERENCE
FOR
DUMmIES‰
Red Hat® Fedora™ Linux® 2 All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies®
Published by
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774
Copyright © 2004 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published simultaneously in Canada
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written
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Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies.com, and related trade
dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the
United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. Red Hat and Fedora
are trademarks or registered trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus
Torvalds. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not
associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
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ISBN: 0-7645-6793-4
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About the Author
Naba Barkakati is an electrical engineer and a successful computer-book
author who has experience in a wide variety of systems, ranging from MS-DOS
and Windows to UNIX and Linux. He bought his first personal computer — an
IBM PC-AT — in 1984 after graduating with a PhD in electrical engineering from
the University of Maryland at College Park. While pursuing a full-time career in
engineering, Naba dreamed of writing software for the emerging PC software
market. As luck would have it, instead of building a software empire like
Microsoft, he ended up writing successful computer books. Currently, Naba is
a Senior Level Technologist at the Center for Technology and Engineering in
the U.S. General Accounting Office.
Over the past 15 years, Naba has written over 25 computer books on a number
of topics ranging from Windows programming with C++ to Linux. He has
authored several bestselling titles, such as The Waite Group’s Turbo C++ Bible,
Object-Oriented Programming in C++, X Window System Programming, Visual
C++ Developer’s Guide, Borland C++ 4 Developer’s Guide, and Linux Secrets. His
books have been translated into many languages, including Spanish, French,
Polish, Greek, Italian, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. Naba’s most recent book
is Red Hat Linux 9 Professional Secrets, also published by Wiley.
Naba lives in North Potomac, Maryland, with his wife Leha, and their children, Ivy, Emily, and Ashley.
Dedication
I would like to dedicate this book to my wife Leha, and daughters Ivy, Emily,
and Ashley.
Author’s Acknowledgments
I am grateful to Terri Varveris for getting me started on this book — a set of
nine quick reference guides on all aspects of Red Hat Linux. As the project
editor, Linda Morris guided me through the manuscript-submission process
and kept everything moving. I appreciate the guidance and support that Terri
and Linda gave me during this project.
I would like to thank Jason Luster for reviewing the manuscript for technical
accuracy and providing many useful suggestions for improving the book’s
content.
Thanks to everyone at Wiley Publishing for transforming my raw manuscript
into this well-edited and beautifully packaged book.
Of course, there would be no reason for this book if it were not for Linux. For
this, we have Linus Torvalds and the legions of Linux developers around the
world to thank. Thanks to Red Hat for providing beta copies of Red Hat Linux
and the publisher’s edition CDs that are bundled with this book.
Finally, and as always, my greatest thanks go to my wife, Leha, and our
daughters, Ivy, Emily, and Ashley — it is their love and support that keeps me
going. Thanks for being there!
Publisher’s Acknowledgments
We’re proud of this book; please send us your comments through our online registration form
located at www.dummies.com/register/.
Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following:
Acquisitions, Editorial, and
Media Development
Project Editor: Linda Morris
Acquisitions Editor: Terri Varveris
Copy Editor: Rebecca Senninger
Technical Editor: Jason Luster
Editorial Manager: Leah Cameron
Permissions Editor: Laura Moss
Media Development Specialist: Travis Silvers
Media Development Manager:
Laura VanWinkle
Media Development Supervisor:
Richard Graves
Editorial Assistant: Amanda Foxworth
Cartoons: Rich Tennant, www.the5thwave.com
Composition
Project Coordinator: Courtney MacIntyre
Layout and Graphics: Amanda Carter,
Andrea Dahl, Lauren Goddard,
Denny Hager, Joyce Haughey,
Stephanie D. Jumper, Michael Kruzil,
Jacque Schneider
Proofreaders: Carl William Pierce,
Sossity Smith, Brian H. Walls
Indexer: Lynnzee Elze
Publishing and Editorial for Technology Dummies
Richard Swadley, Vice President and Executive Group Publisher
Andy Cummings, Vice President and Publisher
Mary C. Corder, Editorial Director
Publishing for Consumer Dummies
Diane Graves Steele, Vice President and Publisher
Joyce Pepple, Acquisitions Director
Composition Services
Gerry Fahey, Vice President of Production Services
Debbie Stailey, Director of Composition Services
Contents at a Glance
Introduction ................................................................1
Book I: Fedora Basics ...................................................7
Chapter 1: Introducing Fedora Core ...............................................................................9
Chapter 2: Installing Fedora Core ..................................................................................31
Chapter 3: Troubleshooting and Configuring Fedora Core ........................................57
Chapter 4: Trying Out Fedora Core ...............................................................................75
Chapter 5: Cool Fedora Core Install Projects ...............................................................99
Book II: Workstations and Applications .....................109
Chapter 1: Exploring the GUI Desktops ......................................................................111
Chapter 2: Learning the Shell .......................................................................................135
Chapter 3: Navigating the Linux File System .............................................................153
Chapter 4: Exploring Fedora Core Applications ........................................................169
Chapter 5: Using Text Editors ......................................................................................199
Book III: OpenOffice.org ..........................................211
Chapter 1: Writing with OpenOffice.org Writer .........................................................213
Chapter 2: Preparing Spreadsheets with OpenOffice.org Calc ................................237
Chapter 3: Making Presentations with OpenOffice.org Impress .............................249
Chapter 4: Drawing with OpenOffice.org Draw .........................................................261
Book IV: Networking ................................................269
Chapter 1: Connecting to the Internet ........................................................................271
Chapter 2: Setting Up a Local Area Network ..............................................................295
Chapter 3: Adding a Wireless Ethernet LAN ..............................................................307
Chapter 4: Managing the Network ...............................................................................319
Chapter 5: Cool Networking Projects ..........................................................................329
Book V: Internet ......................................................335
Chapter 1: Exchanging E-Mail and Instant Messages ................................................337
Chapter 2: Using the Web .............................................................................................351
Chapter 3: Reading Newsgroups .................................................................................371
Chapter 4: Transferring Files with FTP .......................................................................383
Book VI: Administration ...........................................391
Chapter 1: Performing Basic System Administration ...............................................393
Chapter 2: Managing Users ..........................................................................................425
Chapter 3: Managing the File System ..........................................................................437
Chapter 4: Managing Applications ..............................................................................461
Chapter 5: Managing Devices and Printers ................................................................479
Chapter 6: Upgrading and Customizing the Kernel ...................................................493
Book VII: Security ...................................................519
Chapter 1: Understanding Network and Host Security ............................................521
Chapter 2: Securing the Host .......................................................................................535
Chapter 3: Securing the Network ................................................................................557
Chapter 4: Performing Security Audits .......................................................................577
Book VIII: Internet Servers .......................................595
Chapter 1: Managing the Servers ................................................................................597
Chapter 2: Running the Apache Web Server ..............................................................615
Chapter 3: Setting Up the FTP Server .........................................................................639
Chapter 4: Serving Up Mail and News .........................................................................647
Chapter 5: Setting Up DNS ............................................................................................675
Chapter 6: Running Samba and NFS ............................................................................695
Book IX: Programming .............................................707
Chapter 1: Fedora Core Programming Essentials ......................................................709
Chapter 2: Programming in C .......................................................................................735
Chapter 3: Writing Shell Scripts ...................................................................................767
Chapter 4: Programming in Perl ..................................................................................779
Appendix: About the DVD .........................................807
Index .......................................................................811
Table of Contents
Introduction .................................................................1
About This Book ..............................................................................................1
Conventions Used in This Book ....................................................................2
What You Don’t Have to Read .......................................................................2
Who Are You? ..................................................................................................3
How This Book Is Organized ..........................................................................3
What’s on the DVD? ........................................................................................4
Icons Used in This Book .................................................................................5
Where to Go from Here ...................................................................................5
Book I: Fedora Basics ....................................................7
Chapter 1: Introducing Fedora Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
What Is Fedora Core? ......................................................................................9
Operating systems and Linux ..............................................................9
Linux distributions ..............................................................................11
Transitioning to the Fedora Project ..................................................11
Making sense of version numbers .....................................................12
Under the hood in Linux kernel 2.6 ...................................................13
What Fedora Core Includes ..........................................................................16
GNU software .......................................................................................16
GUIs and applications .........................................................................19
Networks ..............................................................................................20
Internet servers ...................................................................................21
Software development ........................................................................22
Online documentation ........................................................................23
What Fedora Core Helps You Manage ........................................................25
Disks, CD-ROMs, and DVD-ROMs ......................................................25
Peripheral devices ...............................................................................26
File systems and sharing ....................................................................27
Network ................................................................................................27
How Do I Get Started? ...................................................................................28
Install .....................................................................................................28
Configure ..............................................................................................28
Explore ..................................................................................................29
Learn .....................................................................................................29
x Red Hat Fedora Linux 2 All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies
Chapter 2: Installing Fedora Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Following the Installation Steps ..................................................................31
Checking Your PC’s Hardware .....................................................................33
Setting Aside Space for Fedora Core ..........................................................34
Defragmenting your hard disk ...........................................................34
Resizing your hard disk partition ......................................................36
Starting the Fedora Core Installation .........................................................39
Selecting Keyboard, Mouse, and Installation Type ...................................40
Partitioning the Disk for Fedora Core .........................................................43
Setting Up Key System Parameters .............................................................47
Installing the boot loader ...................................................................47
Configuring the network .....................................................................48
Configuring the firewall and SELinux ................................................50
Selecting languages to support .........................................................51
Setting the time zone ..........................................................................51
Setting the root password ..................................................................52
Selecting and Installing the Package Groups .............................................53
Chapter 3: Troubleshooting and Configuring Fedora Core . . . . . . . . .57
Using Text Mode Installation .......................................................................58
Using the linux noprobe Command ............................................................58
Troubleshooting X ........................................................................................59
Resolving Other Installation Problems .......................................................61
The fatal signal 11 error ......................................................................61
Using kernel boot commands ............................................................62
Setting Up Printers ........................................................................................64
Turning On Sound .........................................................................................68
Adding User Accounts ..................................................................................69
Managing DVDs and CD-ROMs ....................................................................71
Installing RPM Packages ...............................................................................72
Chapter 4: Trying Out Fedora Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Booting Fedora Core .....................................................................................75
Exploring GUI Desktops ................................................................................81
GNOME .................................................................................................81
KDE ........................................................................................................88
Playing with the Shell ...................................................................................94
Starting the Bash shell ........................................................................95
Understanding shell commands ........................................................95
Trying a few Linux commands ...........................................................96
Shutting Down ...............................................................................................98
Chapter 5: Cool Fedora Core Install Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
Joining the BitTorrent ...................................................................................99
Things you need ................................................................................100
Steps to follow ...................................................................................100
Table of Contents xi
Burning Fedora Core CDs ...........................................................................103
Things you need ................................................................................103
Steps to follow ...................................................................................103
Preparing a Fedora Core DVD ....................................................................104
Things you need ................................................................................104
Steps to follow ...................................................................................105
Doing an FTP Install ....................................................................................107
Things you need ................................................................................107
Steps to follow ...................................................................................107
Book II: Workstations and Applications .....................109
Chapter 1: Exploring the GUI Desktops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111
Learning the Common Features of the GUIs ............................................111
Desktop pop-up menus .....................................................................112
Icon pop-up menus ............................................................................113
The panel ............................................................................................114
The Main Menu ..................................................................................116
Exploring GNOME .......................................................................................119
Using the Nautilus shell ....................................................................120
Configuring GNOME ..........................................................................124
Exploring KDE ..............................................................................................127
Using Konqueror ................................................................................128
Configuring KDE ................................................................................132
Chapter 2: Learning the Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
Opening Terminal Windows and Virtual Consoles .................................135
Using the Bash Shell ...................................................................................136
Learning the syntax of shell commands .........................................136
Combining shell commands .............................................................138
Controlling command input and output .........................................138
Typing less with automatic command completion .......................140
Going wild with asterisks and question marks ..............................140
Repeating previously typed commands .........................................142
Learning Linux Commands ........................................................................142
Becoming root (superuser) ..............................................................146
Managing processes ..........................................................................147
Working with date and time .............................................................147
Processing files ..................................................................................148
Writing Shell Scripts ...................................................................................151
Chapter 3: Navigating the Linux File System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153
Understanding the Linux File System .......................................................153
Navigating the File System with Linux Commands .................................157
Commands for directory navigation ...............................................158
Commands for directory listings and permissions .......................159
xii Red Hat Fedora Linux 2 All-in-One Desk Reference For Dummies
Commands for changing permissions and ownerships ...............162
Commands for working with files ....................................................163
Commands for working with directories ........................................164
Commands for finding files ..............................................................165
Commands for mounting and unmounting ....................................166
Commands for checking disk-space usage ....................................167
Chapter 4: Exploring Fedora Core Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169
Taking Stock of the Fedora Core Applications ........................................169
Office Applications and Tools ...................................................................171
Calculators .........................................................................................172
Commercially available office applications for Linux ...................173
aspell spelling checker .....................................................................175
Databases .....................................................................................................176
Adding a database user ....................................................................177
Reviewing the steps to build the database ....................................178
Designing the database .....................................................................179
Creating an empty database ............................................................180
Using the PostgreSQL interactive terminal ....................................180
Defining a table ..................................................................................181
Inserting records into a table ...........................................................182
Querying the database .....................................................................182
Multimedia Applications ............................................................................183
Using a digital camera .......................................................................183
Playing audio CDs ..............................................................................186
Playing sound files ............................................................................187
Burning a CD ......................................................................................188
Graphics and Imaging .................................................................................193
The GIMP ............................................................................................194
Gnome Ghostview .............................................................................196
Chapter 5: Using Text Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199
Using GUI Text Editors ................................................................................199
Text Editing with ed and vi ........................................................................200
Using ed ..............................................................................................201
Using vi ...............................................................................................204
Book III: OpenOffice.org ...........................................211
Chapter 1: Writing with OpenOffice.org Writer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213
Getting Documents from Others ...............................................................214
Taking Stock of OpenOffice.org Writer .....................................................215