Quan điểm về đầu tư phát triển dịch vụ xã hội cơ bản ở Việt Nam

NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO DOI ( So 3(56)-2008 )

DjCH Vg X^ HOI CO B(1N 6 VIET NfiM

Phit triln eie dich \ii xa

hoi eo ban (DVXHCB) li

muc tieu phit triln xi hdi

vi con ngudi, \'i \'iec cai thien

chat lugng cudc sdng eiia eon

ngudi mot cich ben \arng, ehii

khdng chi don thuin li muc tieu

tang trudng kinh te hay gia tang

ciia cai vat chit. Phit trien cac

dich vu xa hoi co bin li vin 66

kinh te - xa hdi tdng hgp vi phiic

tap, nd khdng chi la trich nhiem

eiia nha nude.

Nhan thiic dugc van de quan

trong niy, Viet Nam ein cd

nhiing quan dilm dinh hudng

cho phit triln eie dich \'u xa hdi

CO bin eiia minh. Trude het, cin

hilu rd ndi dung ciia dich vu xa

hdi eo ban.

Khai niem ve dich vu xa

hoi CO ban

Dich vu .xdhpi cabdn Id mat

bd phan cua hdng hod dich vu

cong cgng. Chung ed hai dac

trung li duoc sir dung eiing mot

liie cho nhieu ngudi \'i khd hoac

khdng the loai trir kha nang sir

dung eiia ngudi khic. Tuy

nhien, vi la mot bd phan eiia

dich xoi nen chung khdng tdn tai

dudi dang vat chat eu the ma ed

tinb trim tugng.

Can cii vao hinh thiic bilu

hien chiing ta ed the' chia dich

vu edng cdng thinh hai loai dich

\ai edng cong hiru hinh va dich

\ai edng cdng \'d hinh.

Dich \'u cdng edng hiru hinh

la loai dich \'u cd the cam nhan

dugc dl ding bing cic giic

quan nhu cim thiy, nhin thiy.

Cic dich \'u cdng edng nay

Ths. Pham Quynh Mai

thudng gap nhieu nhu dich vu

giio due, dich \ai cham sdc siic

khoe, giao thdng, thuy lgi...

Dich vol edng cdng vd hinh la

dich vn hiu nhu khdng the cim

nhan dugc bing eie giic quan cu

the. Vi du nhu dich \ai bio ve

phip luat, dich vu an toin trudc

thien tai ciia cdng dan, an ninh

qud'c phdng, bao ve mdi

trudng...

Dich vu xdhgi cabdn la hdng

hod dich vu cd nhdn. Diy li

nhirng hing hoi dich \ai dugc

cung cap rieng re cho timg ci

nhin sir dung. Chiing ed tinh loai

trir cao, khi mot ngudi da sir

dung thi ngudi khic hiu nhu

khdng sir dung dugc nira. Hiu

bet cic hing hoi dich \ai ea nhin

ngudi tieu diing dugc thu hudng

thdng qua thi trudng vi hg thanh

toin theo nguyen tie ngang gii

cho su hudng thu dd.

Hang hoi dich \ai edng edng

khic hang hoi dich vu ca nhin d

chd cic hing hoi vi dich vu niy

eie thinh vien ed the sir dung

chung vdi nhau, viee sir dung cua

ngudi niy khdng anh hudng

ding ke den sir dung ciia ngudi

khic, do dd khdng ein dinh suit

sir dung vi cung khdng thi hoac

khd cd the dinh suit cho ngudi

sir dung.

Ngudi ta edn cd the phin biet

hai loai hang hoi nay thdng qua

tinh canh tranh trong sir dung va

cung ci'p ehiing.

Ddi vdi hing hoi va dich \ai

ca nhan thi nhung nha cung ci'p

canh tranh nhau trong viec

chiem linh thi trudng tieu thu san

phim bing hoi vi dich vu.

Ngudi tieu dimg thi canh tranh

nhau de dugc quyin sir dung

hing boi vi dich \ai dd khi thay

ein thie't. Ddi vdi hang hoi dich

vu cdng cdng khdng cd tinh canh

tranh cao trong cung ci'p va sir

dung, ngudi cung cap ehii ye'u

hing hoi dich vu cdng edng la

Nha nude.

Nhu vay, dich vu xd hgi ca

bdn Id mgt bd phan ciia dich vu

xd hdi, chimg vita cd the la dich

vu cdng cdng vira cd the Id dich

vu cd nhdn; ddng thdi chiing co

the dugc khu vUc cdng cong hay

khu vuc tunhdn cung cap.

Tuy nhien miic do cua viec

cung cip cdng cdng hay tu nhan

li ed su khic nhau giira cic nude

va chiing thay doi theo thdi gian.

Mirc do thay doi tuy thude vao

mgt sd yeu td ehii yeu:

Thir nhat, su phit trien cua

edng nghe cho phep viec cung

ci'p mgt so dich xoi cdng cong co

the ehiuyen sang cho tu rihan

cung cap.

Thir hai, su thay doi vl miic

sdng cd thi dugc do bing GDP

binh quin diu ngudi tang len.

Thir ba, su thay ddi ve so

thich. So thich vl nhu ciu sir

dung hing boa ludn ludn thay

ddi, khi eie ci nhan cam thay

khdng bii long vdi dich vu cua

minh dang sir dung ho cd the

chuyen sir chii y sang cic dich vu

khic. Qua trinh nhu vay dugc lap

di lap lai tao ra mgt chu ky, keo

theo sir thay ddi v6 cung iing cua

khu vuc edng cdng va tu nhan.

Noi dung cua djch vu xa hoi

CO ban ciia Viet Nam

Cd the ndi ring xac dinh cac

dich vu xa hdi ma Viet Nam cho

la CO ban phai dat trong bdi canh

lich sit va nhu ciu phit triln ciia

minh. Ndi dung qude gia vl dich

vol xa hdi eo ban bao gom cac

dich \n trong ndi dung ciia Lien

52> Tap chi nghien cCru Tdi chinh ke' todn