Thư viện tri thức trực tuyến
Kho tài liệu với 50,000+ tài liệu học thuật
© 2023 Siêu thị PDF - Kho tài liệu học thuật hàng đầu Việt Nam
professional oracle 8i application programming with java, pl sql and xml
Nội dung xem thử
Mô tả chi tiết
www.it-ebooks.info
Professional Oracle 8i
Application Programming
Michael Awai
Matthew Bortniker
John Carnell
Sean Dillon
Drew Erwin
Jaeda Goodman
Bjarki Hólm
Ann Horton
Frank Hubeny
Thomas Kyte
Glenn E. Mitchell II
Kevin Mukhar
Gary Nicol
Daniel O'Connor
Guy Ruth-Hammond
Mario Zucca
Wrox Press Ltd.
www.it-ebooks.info
Professional Oracle 8i
Application Programming
© 2000 Wrox Press
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher,
except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews.
The author and publisher have made every effort in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy
of the information. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either
express or implied. Neither the authors, Wrox Press nor its dealers or distributors will be held liable for
any damages caused or alleged to be caused either directly or indirectly by this book.
Published by Wrox Press Ltd,
Arden House, 1102 Warwick Road, Acocks Green,
Birmingham, B27 6BH, UK
Printed in Canada
ISBN 1-861004-84-2
www.it-ebooks.info
Trademark Acknowledgements
Wrox has endeavored to provide trademark information about all the companies and products
mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Wrox cannot guarantee the
accuracy of this information.
Credits
Authors Technical Reviewers Author Agents
Michael Awai Duncan Ainsworth Tony Berry
Matthew Bortniker Danny Ayers Velimir Ilic
John Carnell Yogesh Bhandarkar
The Churchill Team Graham Bowden Project Administrators
Sean Dillon Luis Cabral Cilmara Lion
Drew Erwin Robert Chang Chandima Nethisinghe
Jaeda Goodman Jitendra Chitkara
Bjarki Hólm Daryl Collins Indexers
Ann Horton Michael Corning Alessandro Ansa
Frank Hubeny Jeremy Crosbie Andrew Criddle
Thomas Kyte Dean Dameron
Glenn E. Mitchell II Robin Dewson Production Coordinator
Kevin Mukhar Sean Dillon Tom Bartlett
Gary Nicol Drew Erwin
Daniel O'Connor Mark Fehrenbacher Illustrations
Guy Ruth-Hammond Dario Ferreira Gomes Shabnam Hussain
Mario Zucca Nikolay Fiykov
Frank Hubeny Cover
Contributing Authors Manzoor Hussain Shelley Frazier
Sandeepan Banerjee Mike Kay
Frank Bell Aakash Kambuj Proof Readers
Bambi Bellows Doug Kanwischer Chris Smith
Kelly Cox Victor Kolesov Keith Westmoreland
Shekhar Dhupelia Thomas Kyte Agnes Wiggers
Michael Kay Todd Lauinger
Karen Little Production Manager
Technical Architect Steven Livingston Simon Hardware
Tony Davis Jim MacIntosh
Jennifer McGurk
Technical Editors Vinay Menon
Fiver Löcker Jon Millard
Jim Molony Brian Peasland
Mohammed Rfaquat Sarma PRKV
Robert Shaw John Roberts
Jordon Saardchit
Managing Editor Anunaya Shriwastava
Paul Cooper Leslie Tierstein
Raj Vuchatu
Hiroko Wilensky
www.it-ebooks.info
About the Authors
Michael Awai
Michael Awai lives near Charlotte, North Carolina, USA. He is currently a Consulting Partner with a
successful privately owned consulting company. He works as a system architect, helping clients leverage
the Internet, build extranet services and accomplish their application and business integration goals. He
and his partner Karla are currently expecting their first baby and their first Irish wolfhound.
Matthew Bortniker
Matt has been in the computer field since 1982 and is an independent consultant for local businesses
in the Washington DC area and for the US government. Currently his main tasks include upgrading
client server applications to enterprise wide systems written entirely in Visual Basic and utilizing
Oracle and Microsoft technologies. He is the author of Professional VB6 MTS Programming, ISBN
1861002440,and contributing author in Professional Windows DNA, ISBN 1861994451, (both Wrox
Press). He can be reached at [email protected].
John Carnell
John Carnell has had an obsession with computers since he was twelve years old, working on his
Commodore 64. That obsession never waned and he is currently working as a Senior Systems
Architect for Workscape, a leading provider of Human Resources and and Employee Benefits selfservice solutions. John's favorite topic of discussion, much to his wife's chagrin, is component based
N-tier architectures. John has extensive experience with Microsoft, Oracle and Java N-tier solutions.
He lives in Waukesha, Wisconsin with his wife Janet and his two pups Ladybug and Ginger. John can
be reached at [email protected].
For my mother Deborah: What I have achieved in my life is a summation of your hard work, dedication, and
most importantly your sacrifices.
And to Janet: You are my inspiration. I love you both.
The Churchill Team
Chandrabhanu Ambatipudi, Ekta Rani Agarwal, John Ipe, and Makarand Kulkarni form the ‘Oracle
supreme & Java dream’ team at Churchill Software Services India (CSSI). CSSI was established in
1996 in Bangalore India as an Oracle offshore development center, by an ex-Oracle UK management
team. Since its inception the center has been serving the UK market with an exclusive focus on the
Oracle platform, meshing cutting edge technologies with established Oracle technologies, and
providing innovative road map solutions for the Internet age.
Sean Dillon
Sean got his start programming a Commodore Vic 20, back in 1980. Trying to program sprites and
word games in the enormous 3.5Kb of user memory was truly a labor of love. He is now a Senior
Oracle Technologist, working for Oracle Corporation based in Reston, Virginia. He has eight years
of experience specializing in database architecture, tuning, web application development, and now
XML-based technologies. Sean is one of the lead designers on Oracle's Web Education Initiative for
children, Think.com. He is also an avid Quake player. Sean lives outside Washington, DC with his
wife, Whitney, and two sons, Jordan and Cameron.
I would like to thank my wife for her never-ending support and encouragement.
www.it-ebooks.info
Drew Erwin
Drew is a technical project leader and has been working with Oracle products for the last nine years.
The last three of those have been dedicated to enterprise application development with the ever
changing and improving Oracle toolset. Outside of work, Drew’s interests include his family, Pam
and Hannah, his Playstation, and traveling.
Jaeda Goodman
Jaeda Goodman is currently working as a Principal Software Engineer for Keane Ltd., the company
who were responsible for the Sun Connect Framework. She has over four years experience working
with Oracle and Java, encompassing everything from data warehousing to EJBs, servlets and JSPs –
and also InfoBus, if anyone needs any advice or consultation about this now esoteric technology.
Jaeda’s non-technical interests include house restoration, American TV imports, and the ability to
make an amazing blue punch, although of course the latter does not mix well with all of the former,
especially InfoBus.
I'd like to dedicate this to everyone who went through the Synchromatic experience with me.
Bjarki Hólm
For more than three years Bjarki has been designing and developing commercial software tools at
SALT Systems, Inc. His work includes the development of SALT Solutions, a website construction
suite built with Java technology. His areas of (technical) interest include Enterprise Java, XML and ecommerce Oracle applications. In his working and waking hours, Bjarki is studying computer
engineering at the University of Iceland, and with his Wrox authoring on top of this, he tends to get
very little sleep. Bjarki can be reached at [email protected].
Ann Horton
Ann Horton is the President of Horton Associates, Inc. and has over twelve years experience designing,
developing, and managing Oracle projects. She has worked closely with Oracle Corporation for many
years, is active in the Oracle User Group Community, and is a frequent presenter at ODTUG, IOUG-A,
RMOUG, and ECO conferences. Ann has been extremely active in the Oracle Development Tools User
Group (ODTUG) serving as a member of the Board of Directors, conference chairperson, and paper
selection chair for numerous conferences, and ODTUG Volunteer of the Year for 2000. Ms. Horton has
also worked as an Affiliate Professor for the Regis University evening MSCIS Program since 1992 teaching
database classes to working students in the Denver area. In her spare time, Ann enjoys biking, hiking, bird
watching, and scuba diving with her husband Dean.
Thanks to my husband Dean, my brother Tom, Jim, and Betty, and all my friends who have encouraged me to
participate in this book project!
Frank Hubeny
Frank Hubeny is a certified Oracle 8i DBA and currently works for Experian doing data warehousing.
He has recently worked for WExcel in Chicago where he designed and built databases for web
applications and used the PL/SQL Toolkit extensively.
www.it-ebooks.info
Thomas Kyte
Thomas Kyte is an Oracle professional who works for Oracle Corporation in the US. He specializes
in database architecture, implementation, and tuning. In addition to his regular duties at Oracle, Tom
writes an ongoing article for Oracle Magazine and can be found on the web answering questions via
‘Ask Tom’ on the Oracle Magazine website. Prior to working for Oracle, Tom worked with a
contractor developing database applications and tools using many different commercial database
products. Tom lives in Leesburg VA, USA with his wife Lori and two children, Alan and Megan.
Glenn E. Mitchell II
Glenn E. Mitchell II, who prefers ‘Mitch’, wears many different hats. He is president of .Com
Consulting Group, a computer-consulting firm in Tallahassee, Florida. Mitch is also a faculty
administrator at the University of South Florida in Tampa, Florida, where he directs the State Data
Center on Aging, teaches graduate and undergraduate students, and earns lots of frequent flyer miles.
He also holds a Ph.D. from the University of Iowa. Mitch writes and speaks at conferences
extensively on object-oriented analysis and design, C++, Java, Visual Basic, and Microsoft SQL
Server. When not a busy professional, Mitch is husband to Lillian and dad to Jessica. Lillian is a
veterinarian, whose passion is small animal medicine. Jessica recently became a teen and spends her
spare time alternately studying Latin and listening to pop music.
Mitch wants to dedicate his contribution to his wife, Lillian, who is also a busy professional and tolerates him
spending countless hours in front of the computer.
Kevin Mukhar
Kevin Mukhar is a software engineer who lives and works in Colorado, USA. He spent 12 years in the US
Air Force, where many of his jobs included using computers, but none of them involved writing software.
Still, he managed to dabble in various languages as a hobby, and had enough practical experience to land
a software engineering job when he left the Air Force. For the past two years he has been part of a team
that developed a distributed system to manage and access large amounts of binary data from an Oracle
database. His heroes are Steve McConnell and Philip Greenspun. Now that he has finished writing (part
of) a book, he understands why many married writers thank their spouse; and so, he too, thanks his wife
for tolerating him during the last few months.
Gary Nicol
Gary Nicol is a Senior Consultant within the eBusiness division of Mi Services Group, and has
worked on a number of web-based projects involving integration of Oracle and Microsoft
technologies. Having originally cut his teeth on a Sinclair ZX Spectrum, he took a twisted career
path, via a degree in Electronic Engineering, followed by a brief incarnation as a semiconductor
engineer, before realising that developing software was a much more fun way to spend his working
day. In writing for this book, he has surprised not only himself, but probably a number of his high
school teachers, who would never have believed he was capable of forming a coherent sentence (even
when they could read his handwriting).
www.it-ebooks.info
Daniel O'Connor
Daniel O'Connor is an independent software developer currently working on management applications
using J2EE technologies, including EJB and JSP. He is a member of the board of directors for jBoss.org, an
open-source application server featuring an EJB container. He is one of the authors of the Professional Java
Server Programming J2EE Edition, Wrox Press, ISBN 186199463. He is also a principal of MVCSoft, Inc.,
which provides training and consulting on J2EE application development.
I would like to dedicate my efforts in this book to Christina Coughlin.
Mario Zucca
Some years ago Mario moved from the procedural world to the object-oriented one. Although it was
a difficult step to take he's since fallen in love with Java and J2EE technologies and in particular with
XML-related technologies such as XSL, XPath and SOAP.
I love freedom! I would like to dedicate this book to my daughter Federica. When she reads this book, many of the
technologies will be prehistoric things, but I hope in an even freer world.
www.it-ebooks.info
www.it-ebooks.info
Summary of Contents
Introduction 1
Section I: The Database 11
Chapter 1: Internet Programming with Oracle 8i 11
Chapter 2: Enterprise Application Design 31
Chapter 3: Database Foundations 53
Chapter 4: Scaling Your Application with Net8 83
Chapter 5: Enterprise Development with Designer 6i 105
Section II: PL/SQL and the Web 171
Chapter 6: PL/SQL Development 171
Chapter 7: PL/SQL Server Pages 207
Chapter 8: The PL/SQL Web Toolkit 225
Chapter 9: A Stock Tracker using the PL/SQL Web Toolkit and JavaScript 257
Chapter 10: Web PL/SQL Application Development Using Designer 6i 291
Section III: Java 343
Chapter 11: Oracle JVM and Java Stored Procedures 343
Chapter 12: Oracle Access with JDBC 393
Chapter 13: Connection Pooling and Caching 453
Chapter 14: Database Connectivity with SQLJ 501
Chapter 15: Enterprise JavaBeans and Oracle 557
Chapter 16: Inside the Database 629
Chapter 17: Business Components for Java 655
Chapter 18: A Discussion Forum using PL/SQL and Java 719
Chapter 19: Overview of Oracle interMedia Text 779
Chapter 20: Building a Search Engine using Java and interMedia 803
Section IV: XML 827
Chapter 21: Oracle and XML 827
Chapter 22: A Case Study in Enterprise Application Development 893
Chapter 23: Application Integration using SOAP 941
Chapter 24: Wireless Applications with Oracle Portal-to-Go 1005
Chapter 25: ASP, XML and Oracle 1049
Section V: Appendices 1107
Appendix A: Installation Issues 1107
Appendix B: Java Primer 1145
Appendix C: XML Primer 1179
Appendix D: Support, Errata, and p2p.wrox.com 1221
Index 1227
www.it-ebooks.info
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
What this Book is About 1
Who Should Use this Book 2
How this Book is Structured 2
The Database 3
PL/SQL and the Web 3
Java 4
XML 5
Appendices 6
The Tools you Need for this Book 6
Development Kits 6
Web and Application Servers 7
Tools 7
Conventions 7
Customer Support 8
Source Code and Updates 8
Errata 8
Section I: The Database 11
Chapter 1: Internet Programming with Oracle 8i 11
A Brief History of Oracle 12
Versions and Editions of Oracle 8i 13
Programming Support 14
PL/SQL 14
The PL/SQL Web Toolkit 15
PL/SQL Server Pages 16
Traditional Oracle Development Tools 16
Oracle Forms and Reports 16
Oracle Portal 17
Designer 17
www.it-ebooks.info
Table of Contents
ii
Oracle 8i and Java 18
The Oracle Java Virtual Machine 19
Advantages of the Oracle JVM 20
JDK Compatibility 20
Java Stored Procedures 20
Differences between Oracle JVM and JDK 20
The J2EE Framework and Oracle 21
Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) 21
SQLJ 21
Servlets and JavaServer Pages (JSP) 22
Enterprise JavaBeans 22
Remote Method Invocation (RMI) with CORBA and IIOP 23
JDeveloper 23
Business Components for Java (BC4J) 23
Oracle XML Developer's Kit 24
Oracle InterMedia 25
Text Services 25
Imaging, Audio, and Video Services 25
Oracle Spatial Cartridge 25
Oracle 8i and the Internet 26
Internet Application Server (iAS) 26
Oracle iAS Standard Edition 26
Oracle iAS Enterprise Edition 26
9iAS Wireless Edition 26
Oracle HTTP Server 26
Oracle JSP 27
Oracle 8i JVM 27
Portal-to-Go 27
Oracle iCache 27
Summary 28
Chapter 2: Enterprise Application Design 31
The EAD Concept 32
The Evolution to N-Tier Computing 33
Two-Tier Architecture 33
Scalability 34
Hidden Costs 34
Flexibility Issues 34
Three-Tier Architecture 35
Advantages of Three-Tier 36
Reuse of Code 36
Problems with Three-Tier 37
N-Tier Architecture 38
Scalability and Redundancy 40
Integration 41
Adaptability 41
Problems with N-Tier 42
www.it-ebooks.info
Table of Contents
iii
Oracle and EAD 43
PL/SQL Development 43
Java Development 44
Containers and the Middle Tier 45
Services 46
Transaction Management 46
Declarative Security 46
Error Handling 46
Business Logic 46
Scalability 47
Portability 47
When to Use Java 47
The Supporting Cast of Oracle Software 48
XML 48
Communication Issues 49
Summary 49
Chapter 3: Database Foundations 53
Database History 54
Logical Structures 56
Components of an Oracle 8i Database 56
Data Dictionary 56
Internal RDBMS Tables 57
Data Dictionary Tables 57
Data Dictionary Views 57
DBA Views 58
User Views 58
All Views 58
Dynamic Performance Views 58
Oracle Instance 58
Data Files and Tablespaces 59
Blocks 60
Segments 60
Table Segments 60
Index Segments 60
B*Tree Index 61
Reverse Key Indexes 62
Bitmapped Indexes 62
Function-Based Indexes 63
Cluster Segments 63
Table Clusters 63
Hash Clusters 64
Rollback Segments 64
Temporary Segments 64
Extents 64
www.it-ebooks.info
Table of Contents
iv
Oracle 8i Object/Relational Database 65
Object Types 65
Object Columns 66
Object Views 66
Object Table 66
Object Identifier 67
Collections 67
Nested Tables 67
Varrays 68
Oracle Memory Structures 68
System Global Area 68
Shared Pool 69
DB Buffer Cache 70
Redo Log Buffer 71
How Redo Logs Work 72
Program Global Area 73
Background Processes 74
System Monitor (SMON) 74
Process Monitor (PMON) 75
Database Writer (DBWn) 75
Redo Log Writer (LGWR) 75
Checkpoint (CKPT) 76
Optional Processes 76
Redo Log Archiver (ARCH) 76
Recoverer (RECO) 77
Starting an Instance 78
Oracle's Database Initialization File 78
Control Files 79
Recap 79
Summary 81
Chapter 4: Scaling Your Application with Net8 83
What Net8 Does 84
Why Use Net8? 84
Typical Scenarios 85
Two-Tier Client/Server 85
Multi-Tier Client/Server 89
Oracle Connectivity 90
Connecting to a Server 91
The Network Service Name 91
Network Route 91
Global Database Name 91
The Connection Process 91
Bequeathed Sessions to Dedicated Server Processes 92
Redirected Sessions to Existing Server Processes 93
Refused Sessions 95
Disconnecting from a Server 95
www.it-ebooks.info
Table of Contents
v
Data Operations 95
Migrating to Net8 96
Net8 Tuning 96
Net8 Troubleshooting 98
Diagnosing the Network 98
Diagnosing the Server 99
Diagnosing the Client 100
Some Common ORA Errors and What To Do 101
Summary 102
Chapter 5: Enterprise Development with Designer 6i 105
Designer 6i Software Architecture 106
The New Oracle Repository 108
Repository Objects 108
Containers 109
File Objects 110
Version Control 111
Configurations 112
Dependency Analysis 113
Workareas 113
Overview of Designer 6i Tools 114
Setting up the Oracle Repository 116
Enabling Version Control 117
Maintaining Users 117
Administering the Oracle Repository 120
Introducing the Repository Object Navigator (RON) 120
About Wastebaskets 122
Selecting a Repository Workarea 123
Create an Application System Container 123
The Case Study 125
Getting Started 126
Overview 126
Database Design and Development Process Using Designer 128
Develop a Conceptual Data Model of Requirements 128
Case Study Data Requirements 129
Oracle's Entity Relationship Diagramming Conventions 130
Develop the Education Center Entity-Relationship Model 131
Log on to Designer 132
Create an Entity-Relationship Diagram 133
Create the Entities 134
Create the Relationships 136
Add the Attributes 138
Create Domains 140
Assign a Domain to an Attribute 142
Define a Unique Identifier for each Entity 143
Print Entity and Attribute Reports 145
Review the ERD's Quality 146
www.it-ebooks.info