Pretest Pediatrics Pretest Self-Assessment And Review

Pediatrics

PreTest® Self-Assessment and Review

PRE TEST®

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Pediatrics

PreTest® Self-Assessment and Review

Tenth Edition

Robert J.Yetman, M.D.

Professor of Pediatrics

Director, Division of Community and General Pediatrics

University of Texas—Houston Medical School

Houston, Texas

Mark D. Hormann, M.D.

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics

Director, Pediatric Clerkship

Division of Community and General Pediatrics

University of Texas—Houston Medical School

Houston, Texas

PRE TEST®

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DOI: 10.1036/0071431365

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Reviewers

John P. Breinholt, M.D.

University of Utah School of Medicine

Salt Lake City, Utah

Class of 2000

Francesann Ford

Eastern Carolina University School of Medicine

Raleigh, North Carolina

Class of 2003

Christopher A. Heck

University of South Alabama

Mobile, Alabama

Class of 2001

Sabari Nandi

Robert Wood Johnson Medical School

Piscataway, New Jersey

Class of 2003

v

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vii

Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

General Pediatrics

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Answers, Explanations, and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

The Newborn Infant

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Answers, Explanations, and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

The Cardiovascular System

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Answers, Explanations, and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

The Respiratory System

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Answers, Explanations, and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

The Gastrointestinal Tract

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Answers, Explanations, and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

The Urinary Tract

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Answers, Explanations, and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

The Neuromuscular System

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Answers, Explanations, and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

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Infectious Diseases and Immunology

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Answers, Explanations, and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Hematologic and Neoplastic Diseases

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

Answers, Explanations, and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

Endocrine, Metabolic, and Genetic Disorders

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Answers, Explanations, and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

The Adolescent

Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Answers, Explanations, and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

viii Contents

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Introduction

Pediatrics: PreTest® Self-Assessment and Review, Tenth Edition, provides

comprehensive self-assessment and review within the field of pediatrics.

The 500 questions contained in the book have been designed to be similar

in format and degree of difficulty to the questions contained in Step 2 of

the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE).

Each question has the correct answer, an explanation, and a specific

reference to a textbook. A bibliography that lists the sources used in the

book follows the last chapter.

Perhaps the most effective way to use this book is to allow yourself one

minute to answer each question in a given chapter in order to approximate

the time limits imposed by the USMLE Step 2. As you proceed, indicate

your answer to each question.

When you have finished answering the questions in a chapter, you

should then spend as much time as you need verifying your answers and

reading the explanations. Although you should pay special attention to the

explanations for the questions you answered incorrectly, you should read

every explanation. The editor has designed the explanations to reinforce

and supplement the information tested by the questions. If, after reading

the explanations, you want more information, you should consult and

study the references indicated.

ix

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Pediatrics

PreTest® Self-Assessment and Review

PRE TEST®

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General Pediatrics

Questions

DIRECTIONS: Each item below contains a question or incomplete

statement followed by suggested responses. Select the one best response to

each question.

1. Two weeks after a viral syndrome, a 9-year-old girl presents to your clinic

with a complaint of several days of drooping of her mouth. In addition to

the drooping of the left side of her mouth, you note that she is unable to

completely shut her left eye. Her smile is asymmetric, but her examination

is otherwise normal. This girl likely has

a. Guillain-Barré syndrome

b. Botulism

c. Cerebral vascular accident

d. Brainstem tumor

e. Bell palsy

2. An infant can move his head from side to side while following a moving

object, can lift his head from a prone position 45° off the examining table,

smiles when encouraged, and makes cooing sounds. He cannot maintain a

seated position. The most likely age of the infant is

a. 1 month

b. 3 months

c. 6 months

d. 9 months

e. 12 months

3. A child is brought to your clinic for a routine examine. She can dress

with help, can ride a tricycle, knows her own age, and can speak in short

sentences. She had difficulty in copying a square. The age of this child is

most likely

a. 1 year

b. 2 years

c. 3 years

d. 4 years

e. 5 years

1

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4. A 4-year-old girl is noticed by her grandmother to have a limp and a

somewhat swollen left knee. The parents report that the patient occasionally

complains of pain in that knee. An ophthalmologic examination reveals

findings as depicted in the photograph. The condition most likely to be

associated with these findings is

2 Pediatrics

a. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

b. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

c. Henoch-Schönlein purpura

d. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease

e. Osgood-Schlatter disease

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