Phương thức tuyển dụng quan lại cho bộ máy chính quyền nhà nước thời lý (1010 - 1225).

PHUONG THUrc TUVCN DUNG QURN LRI CHO BO

MnV CHINH QUVCN NHJii Ni;6C THdl LV (1010-1225)

TRAN THI VINH*

Sau khi da dinh dd d Thang Long,

cung vdi viec kien toan bp may chinh

quyen Nha nUdc, cac vua nha Ly da

ehu y ngay tdi vipe xay dUng mdt he tho'ng

quan chUc theo phUdng thUe rieng cua ddng

hp Ly, De xay dUng dUde mpt he tho'ng

quan chUc theo phong each rieng ciia ddng

hp Ly, cac vua nha Ly mpt mat da tim each

day nhanh qua trinh qui tpc hoa tang ldp

qui tpc ddng hp Ly; mpt mat da sii dung cat

nhac nhUng cdng than khai quo'c va cuo'i

cung la xuc tien dan dan vipe dao tao dpi

ngu quan lai nho si mdi, bd sung vao bp

may ehinh quyen Nha nUdc,

PhUdng thUc tuyen dung quan lai d thdi

Ly dUde tien hanh bang ba con dUdng chinh

la: Tuyin cii, Nhiem tii va Khoa cii. NhUng,

vao budi ban dau khi chUa dit khoa trUdng,

con dUdng xuat than eua quan lai d thdi ky

nay chii yeu phai dUa vao che dp tuyen cU,

rdi den che dp nhiem tU (dung con cua cac

quan) va them vao do la hinh thUc nop tien.

Sach Lich triiu hien chiicfng logi chi, mue

Quan chiic chi cua Phan Huy Chii eiing cho

biet ra't rd ve dieu nay la; "Ddi Ly khi chUa

dat khoa trUdng, dUdng xua't than quan lai

la'y tuyen cii lam trpng, rdi den nhiem tii,

sau nUa mdi den nop tien" (1).

Tuyen cii

VUdng trieu Ly khi mdi thanh lap, ben

canh viec sii dung lai tang ldp quan lai eii

ciia trieu Tien Le, nha Ly da ra't coi trpng

phUdng thUe tuyen cii de bd' sung them dpi

ngu quan lai mdi vao giup vipe trieu dinh.

PhUdng thUe tuyen c^ cu the nhU the nao

khdng tha'y sii sach ndi rd. NhUng chac

chan nhUng ngUdi dUdc dU vao hang tuyen

cii phai thupe tang ldp tren, vi theo ghi

chep eua Phan Huy Chii trong sach Lich

trieu hien chiidng logi chi thi "eon chau

nhUng ngudi thd thuyen, con hat va nd ty

deu khdng dUdc ghi ten vao danh sach

tuyen cii" (2). Sau khi lap Van mieu Qudc

Tii giam, vao nam Thai Ninh thU 5 (1076),

vua Ly Nhan Tdng da eho "la'y nhUng ngUdi

hien lUdng ed tai van vd cho giU vipe quan

dan, tuyen quan vien van chUc biet ehU bo

vao Qud'e TcL giam" (3). NhUng trUdc dd, khi

bat dau kien toan bp may chinh quyen Nha

nUde, de cd dii ngudi vao giiip viec trieu

dinh, vua Ly Thai To da phai tuyen cii

quan lai bang each tuyen chpn rdi bd dung

nhUng ngUdi tU trong hang ngu than tpc va

nhUng ngUdi cd cdng cao de dUa vao lam

vipe trong bp may chinh quyen Nha nUdc.

TUe thdi gian nay nha Ly da bd' dung quan

lai bang hai con dUdng chinh la tuyen dung

nhflng ngUdi tU hang ngu thdn tgc vk tH

hang ngd nhUng ngUdi gpi la thdn hudn.

Phan Huy Chu viet trong sach Li^h trieu

hien chUcfng logi chi rkng 'Thdi nha Ly ban

tUdc, lay tUdc vUdng tudc cdng dUng dSu eae

"PGS.TS. Vipn Su hpc