Phosphorus doped 1 dimensional graphitic carbon nitride for photocalytic degradation of diclofenac

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THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY

NGUYEN TUAN ANH

PHOSPHORUS DOPED 1-DIMENSIONAL GRAPHITIC CARBON

NITRIDE FOR PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF DICLOFENAC

BACHELOR THESIS

Study Mode : Full-time

Major : Environmental Science and Management

Faculty : Advanced Education Program Office

Batch : 2014 – 2018

Thai Nguyen, 20/08/2018

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Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry

Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management

Student name Nguyen Tuan Anh

Student ID DTN1453110003

Thesis Title

Phosphorus doped 1-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride for

photocalytic degradation of diclofenac

Supervisor

Prof. Dr. Ruey-an Doong- National Chiao Tung

University, Taiwan.

Dr. Duong Van Thao – Thai Nguyen University of

Agriculture and Forestry.

Supervisor’s

signature

Abstract:

In the past ten years, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) become an interesting

metal-free material due to earth-abundance, nontoxicity, visible light respond,

chemical and thermal stability as well as facile preparation, which can be used for a

variety of environmental applications. Nevertheless, some drawbacks of g-C3N4,

such as low surface area, low charge separation efficiency and deficient visible

light absorbance, limit its application. Hence, the aim of this study is to fabricate1-

dimentional (1-D) structure along with the introduction of phosphorus dopant to

overcome these short coming of g-C3N4. The results reveal that the phosphorus

dopant and morphology design of tubular structure can enhance the photocatalytic

abilities of g-C3N4. The results also showed that tubular g-C3N4 with 1.5 wt% of

phosphorous dopant exhibit the highest photocatalytic performance toward

Diclofenac (DCF) degradation under visible light irradiation.

Keywords

1-D structure, phosphorus doped g-C3N4, photocatalytic

degradation, Diclofenac

Number of pages 32

Date of

Submission

25th September, 2018

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ACKNOWLEAGEMENT

With all my heart, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to the

cooperation between Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry and

University System of Taiwan, especially National Chiao Tung University for

providing me an amazing opportunity to complete this thesis.

Foremost, I would like to say my sincere gratitude and deep regards to my

Taiwanese supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ruey-an Doong whose guided and gave me

suggestions wholeheartedly when I implemented this research.

Besides my Taiwanese supervisor, I would like to say thankful my second

supervisor: Dr. Duong Van Thao for his supervision, encouragement, advice,

and guidance in writing this thesis.

My special thanks go to Luong Nguyen who offered me a warm welcome

and provided the information and data necessary for my implementation process

and helped me finish this thesis. Besides, she was not so patient with my

knowledge gaps only, but she also was very enthusiastic for providing me

suggestions and methods to successful complete my experiments.

Furthermore, it was really fortunate for me to worked in Prof. Ruey-an

Doong’s lab, I want to deeply thanks to all the members in Professor Doong’s

laboratory special Binh, David, Alice and Sara who helped me a lot during the

time that I did my research in Taiwan.

My sincere thanks also go to my classmates – AEP K46 especially: Nam,

Nguyen for supporting me when I stayed in Taiwan.

Last but not the least, I would like to thank all of my family members who

always encourage and back me up unceasingly.

Hsinchu – Taiwan, June 2018

Nguyen Tuan Anh

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LIST OF CONTENT

LIST OF FIGURE........................................................................................................... v

LIST OF TABLE ........................................................................................................... vi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS....................................................................................... vii

PART 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1

1.1. Research rationale.................................................................................................... 1

1.2. Research’s objectives............................................................................................... 2

1.3. Research questions................................................................................................... 2

1.4. Limitations............................................................................................................... 2

PART 2. LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................ 3

2.1.Diclofenac in the environment.................................................................................. 3

2.2. g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for photocatalysis...................................................... 6

2.1.1. Principle of photocatalysis.................................................................................... 6

2.2.2. Metal-free g-C3N4 photocatalyst........................................................................... 8

2.2.3. Non-metal doped-g-C3N4.................................................................................... 10

PART 3. METHOD ...................................................................................................... 12

3.1. Chemicals............................................................................................................... 12

3.2. Experimental section.............................................................................................. 12

3.2.1. Synthesis tubular structures of Phosphorous-doped g-C3N4 (PCN) ................... 12

3.2.2. Photocatalytic activities of P-C3N4 toward DCF ................................................ 13

3.3. Analytical methods ................................................................................................ 14

3.3.1. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) .................................................................................... 14

3.3.2. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) ......................................................................... 15

3.3.3. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) ................................................................ 15

3.3.4. UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and band gap .............................................. 16

3.3.5. Fluorescence (FL)............................................................................................... 16

PART 4. RESULTS...................................................................................................... 17