Phát huy giá trị văn hóa tín ngưỡng truyền thống của các dân tộc thiểu số hiện nay

THirc HI|N NGHj QUYET BAI HOI XI CUA BANG

PHA T HU Y GI A TRj VAN HOA TIN NGl/GfNG

TRUYEN THONG CUA CAC DAN TOC THIEU SO HIEN NAY

TS LE VAN LOI

Hoc vien Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh

Van hoa tin ngtfdng cua cac dan toe thieu so la bo phan hcfp thanh nen van hoa dan toe. Ton tai

va phat trien trong stf gan bo htfu ctf vol niem tin ve cai sieu nhien, van hoa tin ngtfdng da di vao

maeh song cua ttfng cong dong toe ngtfcri, gop phan lam nin sac thai van hoa rieng biet b moi toe

ngtfdi va stf da dang cAa nen van hoa Viet Nam.

1. Vai net ve van hoa tin ngtfdng truyen thong

cua dan toe thieu so

Cdc dan tdc thieu sd d nudc ta chu yeu sinh

sdng d vimg midn mii, viing sdu, vimg xa, vimg

bien gidi, la dja ban rdng ldn, chiem tdi % didn

tich cd nudc. Ddi sdng kirfli tl cfia ddng bdo

cdn khd khan, kinh tl chu yeu vdn dua ti-en san

xudt ndng nghipp cd tiuydn. Cac ddn tpc thidu

sd chidm ty le nhd trong tdng ddn sd cd nudc va

phan bd rdi rae, dan xen nhau. 53 ddn tpc thilu sd

cd ngdn ngfi rieng va thudc mpt trong 4 ngu he

d Vet Nam, gdm: ngfi he Nam A; ngfi he Thai;

ngu he Han va ngfi he Nam Ddo. Ddi sdng van

hda tmydn thdng cua ddng bdo dan tdc thidu sd

rdt phong phfi, da dang vd mang dam ban sac cua

tiing ddn tpc.

Ve ddi sdng tin ngudng, tdm Unh, da phdn cac

dan tdc ttiieu sd deu theo tin nguong da tiidn, thd

Cling rat nhidu cdc vj thim khdc nhau. Ddi sdng

tin nguang cua ddng bdo cdc dan tde thieu sd hit

sfic phong phfi, da dang vdi nhieu logi flidn hnh,

nhieu ddl tupng vd nhidu nghi thuc tiid cung.

Qua nghien cfiu cd the phdn chia tin ngudng

truydn tiidng cua cdc dan tdc thidu sd flianh cac

hinh fliai nhu: tin ngudng thd Td tidn, tin nguong

thd Thdn va tin ngudng thd Mau'; tin ngudng

thd Cling td tien, tm nguang ca nhdn, tin ngudng

nghd nghidp va tin nguang thd Than^.

Cac gia tii van hda phi vdt thd trdm tich trong

cdc tin nguang tiuyen thdng cfia ddng bao cac

dan tde thidu sd vd cimg phong phu. Trong mfii

loai hinh tin nguong ciia tung ddn tdc ddu chiia

dung vu tru quan va nhdn sinh quan thd so nhung

dde dao, the hidn khat vpng cua ddng bdo ve mot

eudc sdng tdt dep, vd tinh cam gdn bd vdi que

huang, lang ban, vd mdi ddy lien he hfiu co giiia

con ngudi vdi fliidn nhidn, vd tinh cam mat tiiilt

giua ngudi dang sdng vdi ngudi da khudt,...

Van hda tm ngudng cua d ^ tdc thilu sfi Id

hinh fliai sinh hoat tinh thdn lam nay smh vd tich

hap nhidu gia tri van hpe nghd tiiuat dac sdc. C^

tac phdm van hpc dan gian phuc vu cho nghi

le, tin ngudng cfia ddng bdo cdc ddn tde fliilu

sd kha phong phu. Cd till kl nhu: flidn ttioai,

tiuyen thuyit, ttuyen cd, tiic ngfi; sfi thi, tho ca,

van khdn, van td, he ttidng cdc bai mo... Dan

tdc Thai cd cd he thdng cdc tac phdm van hpc,

cdc sdch ghi chep vd ljch sfi, xa hdi, cae sdeh ghi

chep vd lugt tuc... Dan tpc Mudng cd cdc bdi mo

gdm mo Id tang, mo cdu ciing via (mo cfia ngudi

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