Phân loại tình huống trong dạy học pháp luật ở trường trung học phổ thông

PHAN LOAI TINH HUONG TRONG DAY HOC PHAP LUAT

6 TR U ON G TRUN G HO C PH O THON G

O NGUYEN THI THANH MAI *

a qudc gia ndo cung vdy, hieu biet ve phdp

ludt (PL) ludn Id yeu cdu dd'i vdi mdi ngudi.

Viet Nam dang d trong giai doan xdy

dyng vd hodn thien PL nen viec tuyen truyen,

gido dye PL cho nhdn ddn, dqc biet Id hoc sinh

(HS) phd thdng Id yeu cdu khdch quan vd cap

bach cua xd hdi. Tuy nhien, chdt luqng dqy hoc

phdp ludt (DHPL) d trudng trung hpc phd thdng

(THPT) nhin chung chua cao. Mdt trong cdc bien

phdp cdi thien chdt luong, hieu qua DHPL d trudng

THPT Id su dyng tinh hudng (TH) DHPL.

TH DHPL Id nhung tinh tiet hodc sy kien, bien

cd..., xudt phdt tu thyc te cudc sdng can gidi

quyet, duqc thie't ke vd su dyng nhdm phuc vy

myc dich DHPL.

Qua viec tap hpp nhieu TH ciia GV vd tdi lieu

tham khdo ve DHPL d trung hpc ca sd (THCS) vd

THPT, cdn cu vdo tdc dyng cua cdc TH dd, chung

tdi thdy, hien nay d Viet Nam dang su dyng 3

loai TH DHPL phd bien Id: TH yeu cdu nhdn xet,

ddnh gid; TH yeu cdu dua ra cdch ung xu; TH

dua trudc cdch ung xu vd yeu cdu ngudi hpc lya

chpn cdch ung xu. Nhung loai TH ndy dd vd dang

cd tdc ddng tich cue tdi viec DHPL d trudng phd

thdng. Tuy nhien, thyc te ddi hdi can cd da dang

TH han de ddp ung yeu cdu DHPL d trudng THPT

theo hudng day hpc tich cue vd hudng vdo ndng

lyc cua ngudi hpc, nhdm gdp phdn ndng cao

han nua chdt luang, hieu qua DHPL. Qua qua

trinh nghien cuu, chung tdi van dyng, de xudt

cdch phdn loqi vd gidi thieu mdt sd loai TH DHPL

d trudng THPT.

1. Myc dich phdn loqi TH DHPL d trudng THPT

Dqc trung DHPL d trudng THPT Id khdng chi

cung cap cho HS kien thuc PL phd thdng phu hap

vdi lua tudi, md dieu quan trong Id phdi hinh thdnh

d HS xuc cdm, tinh cdm, niem tin vdo PL, hdnh vi

vd thdi quen thyc hien cdc quy djnh cua PL.

Xu hudng chung cua gido dye tren the gidi

hien nay Id hudng vdo hinh thdnh cdc ndng lyc

cho ngudi hpc. Xu hudng ndy, khdng chi tich cue

hda HS ve hoqt ddng tri rue md cdn gdn hoat

ddng tri tue vdi hoqt ddng thyc hdnh trong thyc

tien cudc sdng. Vi vdy, myc dich phdn loqi TH

DHPL cua chung tdi nhdm tdng cudng gido dye

PL phu hqp vdi lua tudi HS THPT, ket ndi ndi dung

bdi hpc vdi thyc te cudc sdng cua HS de cdc em

chu ddng han trong tiep nhdn kien thuc PL; gdp

phdn hinh thdnh, phdt trien d cdc em cdc ndng

lyc cdn thiet de tqo nen xuc cam, tinh cam, niem

tin vdo PL, hdnh vi vd thdi quen thyc hien cdc quy

djnh cua PL.

2. Tieu chi de phdn loqi TH DHPL

Hien nay, tren the gidi cd khd nhieu cdch phdn

loqi TH. Moi cdch phdn loqi cd tinh hqp li rieng.

Tuy nhien, can cu vdo tinh chdt cua TH DHPL vd

myc dich DHPL d trudng THPT, chung tdi de xudt

cd cdc loqi TH sau: - TH phdt hien van de ve nhdn

thuc PL; - TH gidi quyet van de ve nhdn thuc PL;

- TH gidi quyet mdu thudn/xung dot xd hdi ve

thyc hien PL; - TH tim vd xu li thdng tin PL; - TH

binh ludn, ddnh gid ve van de PL; - TH lap ke

hoqch thyc hien PL; - TH ung xu/giao tiep phu

hap vdi quy djnh cua PL; - TH tdn trong gid trj,

chudn myc PL; - TH kiem sodt cdm xuc de bdo ve

quyen, lai ich hap phdp ciia cdng ddn.

3. Md td cdc loqi TH DHPL vd ung dyng

dqy hpc phdn Cong dan vdi PL (Gido dye cdng

ddn Idp 12)

3.1. TH phat hien vdn de ve nhdn thdc PL:

La logi TH tim ra cai chaa biet ve nhgn thdc

lien quan den PL. Vi dy (su dyng cho bdi 7.

Cong dan vdi cac quyen dan chu): Tqi Phdng

tiep ddn ciia Chi cue thue Qudn Thanh Hda cd 1

hp kinh doanh nop dan xin khieu nai ve muc

thuemd Chi cue thue tinh hp phdi nop. Cung thdi

diem dd, dng Chi cue trudng Chi eye thue Qudn

Thanh Hda nhdn duqc dan to cdo viec 1 cdn bp

cua Chi eye thue ndy nhdn tien hdi Id. Hdi: TuTH

tren, em hay rut ra diem khdc nhau giua khieu

nai vd td cdo.

* Vien Khoa hoc giao due Viet Nam

Tap chi Giao due so 232 ga a - 2/201 o)