Phân loại phương tiện dạy học trong môn Mĩ thuật

PHA N LOA I PHUON G TIE N DA Y HO C

TRON G MO M M l THVA T

1. Khai niem phuong tien day hoc (PTDH)

Trong Giao due hoc, thuat ngu «phuang tien

day hoc" (PTDH) dugc hieu la nhung ddi twang

vat chdt dugc giao vien (GV) su dung vai tu each

la nhung phuang tien dieu khien hogt dong nhan

thuc cua hgc sinh (HS); dong thai, no cdn la nguon

tri thuc phong phu deHS tfnh hgi kien thuc va ren

luyen kTndng. Hieu theo nghTa hep, PTDH la toan

bg nhung thiet bi, do dung, dyng cy dugc su

dyng phyc vy viec giang dgy va hgc tap, nhdm

dgt dugc myc dich dgy hgc (DH). Do Id nhung

cdng cy giup ngudi thay td chuc, dieu khien qua

trinh DH thdng qua cdc hoat ddng (nhu: kich thich

hoat ddng nhdn thuc, td chuc hoat ddng nhdn

thuc, kiem tra - ddnh gid...) vd nhung cdng cy

giup HS td chuc hoat ddng nhdn thuc cua minh

mdt each hieu qua.

2. Mdt sd quan diem ve each phdn loai PTDH

Cd nhieu quan diem khdc nhau ve each phdn

loai PTDH: phdn loai PTDH dya vdo ten gqi, dqc

tinh, cdu true, chuc ndng cua PTDH; phdn loai

dya vdo vai trd, v nghia cua PTDH trong qua

trinh hinh thdnh khdi niem khoa hoc; phdn loai

dya vdo ddc diem nhdn thuc cua HS, hodc dqc

diem cua mdn hoc, v.v... Dudi day Id mdt sd

quan diem khdc nhau ve each phdn loai PTDH

cua cdc nhd nghien cuu gido dye:

* Theo Tran Due Vugng (1), danh myc PTDH

(thudng dugc gqi Id PTDH true quan, hay Id thiet

bj DH) dang duqc trang bi cho he thdng cdc

trudng phd thdng Viet Nam hien nay bao gom

nhung loai sau: - Loai PTDH truyen tnd'ng, gom

cd: tranh, dnh, bdng bieu, bieu do; bdn do gido

khoa; md hinh, vdt mau, mau vdt; dyng cy; - Loai

phuang tien ki thudt DH (hay cdn gqi Id phuang

tien nghe nhin), gom cd: phim slide; bdn trong

dung cho may chieu aua ddu; bdng, dia ghi dm;

bang, dia ghi hinh; phdn mem DH.

* Theo Nguyen Van Khoi vd Le Huy Hoang

(2), PTDH phdn chia thdnh hai loai: - Loai PTDH

truyen thdng, gom phuang tien nghe (nhu bang

dm thanh, cha dm thanh) vd phuang tien nhin

O ThS. NGUYEN THU TUAN*

(nhuhinh ve, vgt that, mo hinh vdtchdt...);- Loai

phuang tien kT thudt DH hien dqi: gom may

chieu bdn trong, may chieu phdn xq, may chieu

slide, camera, tivi vd ddu video, may chieu da

phuang tien...

* Theo Nguyen Huy Sam (3), dya vdo cdu tao

cua PTDH, cd the chia thdnh hai nhdm: - Cdc

PTDH truyen thdng gom cd: tranh; dnh; bdn do;

sa do; bieu do; md hinh; sa bdn; mdu vdt; dyng

cy thi nghiem; vudn truong, xudng trudng; phong

truyen thdng, phong bd mdn,... ; - Cdc PTDH hien

dqi gom cd: may thu hinh (tivi); ddu video vd

bdng hinh DH; may chieu phim duang bdn; may

chieu qua ddu vd at-ldt bdn trong DH; may quet

dnh (scan) vd album dnh DH; may chieu da ndng;

may ghi hinh kT thudt sd vd bdng hinh, dia CD

DH; may vi tinh vd phdn mem DH.

* Theo To Xuan Giap (4), dya vdo tinh chdt,

cdu tao vd muc do phuc tap che tao, PTDH chia

thdnh hai nhdm: - Nhdm phuang tien truyen tin:

Id cung cap cho cdc gidc quan nguon tin dudi

dang tieng vd hinh dnh (nhu may chieu phim,

may ghi am, may thu thanh, may thu hinh, may

tinh...); - Nhdm mang tin: Id nhung thiet bj ty

chua dyng mdt khdi lugng thdng tin nhdt djnh

nhdm chuyen tdi cdc thdng diep ndi dung DH,

gom: cdc tdi lieu in; cdc phuang tien mang tin

thinh gidc (bang, dia dm thanh...); cdc phuang

tien mang tin thj gidc (tranh, dnh, phim...); cdc

phuang tien mang tin nghe - nhin (phim cd tieng

truyen hinh, video...); cdc phuong tien mang tin,

dung cho sy hinh thdnh khdi niem (vgt chdt, mo

hinh, phuong tien sdn xudt...).

* Theo Tran Kieu vd Vu Trgng Ry (5), bdt ki he

thdng thiet bj DH mdn ndo cung bao gom cdc

thdnh phdn: cdc vdt that; cdc phuang tien mieu td

cdc ddi tugng, hien tugng trong khong gian hai

chieu hodc ba chieu (nhu md hinh, tranh gido

khoa. .); cdc phuang tien md td bdng ngdn ngu

(sach, tdi lieu); cdc thiet bj dung de tdi tao lai

* Trudng Bai hoc sir pham Ha Noi

Tap chi Giao due so 26 2 (k. %. 5/201 n