Path verbs in vietnamese

NG6N NGtr & Dfifi S6NG S6 1 (243)-2016

INGON NGOr HQC VA VIET NGg HQ^

DONG Ttr CHI DronVG DI TRONG TIENG VIET

PATH VERBS IN VIETNAMESE

HOANG TUYlfeT MINH

(PGS.TS; Vifn D?! hpc Md Kk Ngi)

Abstract: This study shows that the Path component is a frequent component in

Vietnamese motion verbs. All the common Path categories that have been identified in the

literature are present in the Vietnamese motion verb lexicon. Some Vietnamese motion verbs

seem to confiate more than one Path categories. Distribution of Path categories in

Vietnamese verbs is not equal, with categories showing deixis having higher frequencies.

Key words: motion verbs; path; semantic component; semantic category.

l.Mddau

Cdc ngdn ngii khac nhau cd cdch thiic

khac nhau dk ma hda cdc thanh t6 ng^a eda

dOng tiJr chuyen dpng. Bk 1dm r5 nhung chi

tiet nghia dupe ma hda frong cdc d$ng tii

chuyen d^ng, cdc nhd ngJiiSn cdu thudng

ehia cdc chi tiet nghia thdnh nhi^u phgm trii

ngbia khac nhau. Cho den nay, trgn thi gidi

da cd nhilu cdng trinh nghiSn cdu ve cdc

dpng tir chuyen dpng vd cdc phgm trii nghia

cua thdnh to nghia chi Dudng di dupe md

hda trong cac d$ng tii chuyin d$ng trong cdc

ngdn ngQ: khac nhau d\ra tr^n hirdng tilp clin

nay. Tuy nhien d Vi$t Nam, hudng tilp c§n

nay cdn rat mdi m£. Nghien cdu nay ci^

chung tdi nhdm xdc dinh nhiing dilm dgc

tnmg cua cac dpng td mS hda Dudng di eda

chuyin dpng trong tiing Vi$t dudi gdc nhin

cua ng6n ng& hpc tri nh ^ d^c bi$t chti •^

den t ^ sd xudt hi^n cija thdnh t6 nghTa chi

Dudng di, cac pham trii nghia dupe md h6a,

phdn b6 ciia cdc pham trii nghia, vd khd ndng

ma h6a cac phgm trCi nghia chl Dudng di ciia

cdc dOng tir chuyin dpng frong tieng Vi$t.

2. Lfch su* vin de

Theo Tahny (2000), mpt s\r tinh chuyen

dpng Id mpt tinh huong frong do cd mpt

chuyin dOng vd mOt dilm quy ehieu. M^t s\r

tinh chuyin d^ng co bdn gom cd m0t th\rc

ihl, dupe gpi la Hinh (Figure) chuyin dpng

ho$c dupe dinh v\ so vdi m$t th\rc the khdc -

thvrc thi quy chilu dupic gpi la Nin

(Ground). Mpt s\r tinh chuyin dOng cd thi

dupe phdn tich d\ra vao b6n thanh tl nghia

CO bdn. dd Id Hhih, Ndn, Dudng di (Path) vd

Chuyen dOng (Motion). Thanh to nghia

Dudng di chi dudng di ho$c dilm dinh vj

eda Hmh so vdi Ndn. Thdnh tl nghia

Chuyin dpng till hi§n chinh s\r chuyin dOng

ho?ic s\r dinh vi. Ngodi cdc thanh t6 nghia

bdn ttong ndy, mpt s\r tinh chuyen dOng cdn

c6 thi c6 lidn quan din mpt Dong spr tinh

bdn ngodi (Co-event), tiiudng Id mang theo

mli quan h§ chi Nguydn nhdn (Cause) ho$c

Cdch thiic (Manner).

Tahny cho rdng, chiing ta cd thi phdn l§p

cdc thdnh to khdc nhau trong trudng nghia

vd tiudng bilu dgt ngdn ngft. Theo tdc gid,

mpt thdnh tl nghia ndo dd thudng cd mli

quan h$ mgt tiiilt vdi mOt eiu tiiic bl m§t

ndo dd, nhung khdng phdi la quan h$ mOt￾mOt Vi dv frong tiing Anh, mdt dpng td

chuyin dpng (c4u tiiic bl m$t) cd thi ma hda

cdc thdng tin khdc nhau: cdch tiiiic eda

chuyin d^ng ( vi d\i hop "nhdy Id cd"),

nguyen nhdn cua chuyin dpng (vf dy kick

"dd") vd dudng di cua chuyin d0ng (vi dv

exit "di ra"). Mdt khdc, ylu th EKrdng di eda