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Patents, Copyrights & Trademarks For Dummies®
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Mô tả chi tiết
by Henri Charmasson and John Buchaca
Patents, Copyrights
& Trademarks
FOR
DUMmIES‰
2ND EDITION
Patents, Copyrights & Trademarks For Dummies,® 2nd Edition
Published by
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
111 River St.
Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774
www.wiley.com
Copyright © 2008 by H. Charmasson and J. Buchaca
Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published simultaneously in Canada
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as
permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior
written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to
the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600.
Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing,
Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, 317-572-3447, fax 317-572-4355, or online at http://
www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the
Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies.com and related trade
dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United
States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the
property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor
mentioned in this book.
LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO
REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF
THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BE
CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES
CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION. THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THE
UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, OR
OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF
A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE
AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZATION
OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A CITATION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE.
FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE
CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ.
For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care
Department within the U.S. at 800-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002.
For technical support, please visit www.wiley.com/techsupport.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may
not be available in electronic books.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2008930832
ISBN: 978-0-470-33945-9
Manufactured in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Patents, Copyrights
& Trademarks
FOR
DUMmIES‰
2ND EDITION
by Henri Charmasson and John Buchaca
Patents, Copyrights
& Trademarks
FOR
DUMmIES‰
2ND EDITION
Patents, Copyrights & Trademarks For Dummies,® 2nd Edition
Published by
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
111 River St.
Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774
www.wiley.com
Copyright © 2008 by H. Charmasson and J. Buchaca
Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
Published simultaneously in Canada
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as
permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior
written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to
the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600.
Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing,
Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, 317-572-3447, fax 317-572-4355, or online at http://
www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the
Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies.com and related trade
dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United
States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the
property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor
mentioned in this book.
LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO
REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF
THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BE
CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES
CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION. THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THE
UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, OR
OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF
A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE
AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZATION
OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A CITATION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE.
FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE
CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ.
For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care
Department within the U.S. at 800-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002.
For technical support, please visit www.wiley.com/techsupport.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may
not be available in electronic books.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2008930832
ISBN: 978-0-470-33945-9
Manufactured in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
About the Authors
Henri Charmasson is an attorney with a 35-year career in the field of
intellectual property (IP) law. He has been a naming adviser to major corporations. Henri is also an inventor with his name on 15 U.S. patents and an
entrepreneur who sits on the board of several small business corporations.
In his early engineering career, Henri designed computer hardware. Henri has
authored several articles and delivered lectures on patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret topics, and written an authoritative treatise about the
art of naming companies and branding new products. Born, raised, and educated in sunny Provence, France, he’s found in California the ideal place to
exert his enterprising spirit.
John Buchaca, also an Intellectual Property law attorney, is a former software engineer and occasional inventor, and has worked with Henri for more
than 15 years. Indeed, when Henri wrote the first edition of this book, John
regarded himself as the “first dummy.” Before becoming a lawyer, he worked
in ocean acoustics analysis and modeling and computer programming. His
undergraduate degree is in applied mathematics. But his highest claim to
fame (according to Henri) is to be married to Henri’s daughter and to be the
father of two of Henri’s grandchildren. He lives in San Diego, California where
he is a partner at Charmasson, Buchaca & Leach, LLP, an IP law firm.
Dedication
To Marcia and Mari
Authors’ Acknowledgments
Thanks to our editorial team and particularly to our project editor,
Corbin Collins, who tactfully coached us into expressing many arcane
legal principles in limpid prose.
Publisher’s Acknowledgments
We’re proud of this book; please send us your comments through our Dummies online registration
form located at www.dummies.com/register/.
Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following:
Acquisitions, Editorial, and
Media Development
Project Editor: Corbin Collins
(Previous Edition: Mike Baker)
Acquisitions Editor: Tracy Boggier
Copy Editor: Corbin Collins
(Previous Edition: Laura Peterson)
Editorial Program Coordinator:
Erin Calligan Mooney
Technical Editor: Michelle Falkoff
Media Development Producer: Jenny Swisher
Editorial Managers: Jennifer Ehrlich
Editorial Supervisor and Reprint Editor:
Carmen Krikorian
Editorial Assistants: Joe Niesen, David Lutton,
Jennete ELNaggar
Cover Photos: © Comstock
Cartoons: Rich Tennant
(www.the5thwave.com)
Composition Services
Project Coordinator: Kristie Rees
Layout and Graphics: Carl Byers,
Christin Swinford, Abby Westcott
Proofreaders: Melissa Bronnenberg,
Bonnie Mikkelson
Indexer: Potomac Indexing, LLC
Publishing and Editorial for Consumer Dummies
Diane Graves Steele, Vice President and Publisher, Consumer Dummies
Joyce Pepple, Acquisitions Director, Consumer Dummies
Kristin A. Cocks, Product Development Director, Consumer Dummies
Kathleen Nebenhaus, Vice President and Executive Publisher, Consumer Dummies, Lifestyles,
Pets, Education
Publishing for Technology Dummies
Andy Cummings, Vice President and Publisher, Dummies Technology/General User
Composition Services
Gerry Fahey, Vice President of Production Services
Debbie Stailey, Director of Composition Services
Contents at a Glance
Introduction ................................................................ 1
Part I: Corralling Your IP Assets:
Intellectual Property Basics ......................................... 7
Chapter 1: Marshalling Your IP Tools ............................................................................9
Chapter 2: Fencing In the Herd ......................................................................................19
Chapter 3: Calling in the Cavalry and Picking Up the Tab ..........................................29
Chapter 4: Trade Secrets: Often-Overlooked IP Tools ................................................41
Part II: Going for the Gold: Patenting Your Product ...... 49
Chapter 5: Understanding Patents and How They Work ............................................51
Chapter 6: Testing the Patent Water Before You Dive in ...........................................63
Chapter 7: Hoping It Ain’t There: The Patent Search ..................................................75
Chapter 8: Preparing Your Patent Application ............................................................89
Chapter 9: Filing Your Patent Application ..................................................................109
Chapter 10: Wrestling with the Patent Examiner .......................................................123
Chapter 11: Reeling In the Prize: Getting Your Patent Issued ..................................151
Part III: Asserting Your Copyrights ........................... 167
Chapter 12: If It’s Got Style, You’ve Got Copyrights..................................................169
Chapter 13: Untangling Ownership Issues ..................................................................187
Chapter 14: Giving Your Copyright Fangs ..................................................................197
Part IV: Protecting Your Commerical Identity ............ 217
Chapter 15: Flashing Your Badge .................................................................................219
Chapter 16: Coining the Next Household Name.........................................................233
Chapter 17: Searching for Name Availability .............................................................245
Chapter 18: Establishing and Registering Your Commercial Identifier ..................259
Part V: Making Your IP Rights Work for You .............. 283
Chapter 19: All Abroad: Protecting Your IP Rights in Other Countries ..................285
Chapter 20: Making ’Em Pay: Licensing Your IP Rights ............................................303
Chapter 21: Catching Them Rustlers (Infringers) ......................................................317
Part VI: The Part of Tens .......................................... 327
Chapter 22: Ten Most Common IP Misconceptions ..................................................329
Chapter 23: Ten Patent Application Pitfalls ...............................................................333
Chapter 24: Ten Practical Copyright FAQs .................................................................337
Chapter 25: The Ten Worst Naming Blunders ...........................................................341
Appendix: How to Use the CD-ROM ........................... 345
Index ...................................................................... 351
Table of Contents
Introduction ................................................................. 1
About This Book ..............................................................................................1
Conventions Used in This Book .....................................................................2
Foolish Assumptions .......................................................................................3
How This Book Is Organized ..........................................................................3
Icons Used in This Book .................................................................................5
Part I: Corralling Your IP Assets:
Intellectual Property Basics .......................................... 7
Chapter 1: Marshalling Your IP Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Defining Intellectual Property ........................................................................9
Exploring the Patent Process .......................................................................11
Copyrighting Your Creations .......................................................................13
Proclaiming Your Identity: Trademarks and
Other Commercial Handles ......................................................................14
Keeping It Under Your War Bonnet: Trade Secrets ..................................16
Let’s Make a Deal: Looking at Contractual IP Rights .................................16
Putting Your IP to Work at Home and Abroad ...........................................17
Chapter 2: Fencing In the Herd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Questioning Your Motives ............................................................................19
Implementing an IP Program ........................................................................21
Chapter 3: Calling in the Cavalry and Picking Up the Tab . . . . . . . . . .29
Getting the Help You Need ...........................................................................29
Finding and Retaining an IP Professional ...................................................34
Staying within Your Meager Means .............................................................35
Working with Foreign IP Professionals .......................................................39
Coordinating with Other Professionals ......................................................40
Chapter 4: Trade Secrets: Often-Overlooked IP Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Taking a Gander at Your Operation ............................................................41
Patenting or Secreting? .................................................................................44
Safeguarding Your Trade Secrets ................................................................46
xii Patents, Copyrights & Trademarks For Dummies, 2nd Edition
Part II: Going for the Gold: Patenting Your Product ....... 49
Chapter 5: Understanding Patents and How They Work. . . . . . . . . . . .51
Defining the Nature of the Beast ..................................................................51
Dissecting the Beast: Three Patent Types ..................................................53
Checking Out the Mechanics: Specifications and Claims .........................55
Playing by the Rules: The Three-Part Patentability Test .........................58
Chapter 6: Testing the Patent Water Before You Dive In . . . . . . . . . . .63
Assessing What You Have ............................................................................63
Making Sure that 10-Gallon Hat Is Right for You .......................................67
Starting Things Off on the Right Foot .........................................................72
Chapter 7: Hoping It Ain’t There: The Patent Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
The Preliminary Online Search: What Did We Do
without the Internet? .................................................................................76
Upping the Ante: The Professional Anticipation Search ..........................77
Conducting Your Own “Professional” Anticipation Search .....................79
Looking at Other Patent Searches ...............................................................87
Chapter 8: Preparing Your Patent Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
Understanding the Patent Application .......................................................89
Choosing Between Formal and Provisional Applications ........................90
Deconstructing the Patent Application ......................................................92
Disclosing Your Invention in the Specification ..........................................94
Arguing Your Case for Patentability ...........................................................95
Staking Your Claims ......................................................................................96
Chapter 9: Filing Your Patent Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
Packaging the Application ..........................................................................109
Sending Your Application to the USPTO ..................................................112
Meeting Your Filing Deadlines ...................................................................113
Keeping Your Application under Wraps ...................................................113
Asking for Special Status: Speeding Up Your Application ......................116
Preparing and Filing Patent Applications .................................................118
Wise Things to Do While You Wait ...........................................................120
Entering a Continuation Application .........................................................120
Chapter 10: Wrestling with the Patent Examiner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123
Touring the USPTO ......................................................................................124
Clearing Initial Administrative Hurdles ....................................................126
Splitting Up Is Hard to Do: Restricting the Application ..........................128
Getting In on the Office Action ...................................................................130
Reacting to a Final Rejection ......................................................................145
Getting Flagged for Interference ................................................................147
Requesting a SIR ..........................................................................................149