Ô nhiễm nước mặt từ nguồn điểm và nguồn mặt trong khu vực nội thành hà nội

SCIENCETECHNOLOGYl

0 NHIEM Nl/dfCMATTa NGUON DIEMVA NGUON MAT

TRONG KHU Vl/C NOI THANH HA NQI

SURFACE WATER POLLUTION FROM POINT AND NON-POINT SOURCES IN THE DOWNTOWN OF HANOI

Pham Van Quan

Tom tdt

He thong song, ho cr Ha Noi dong vai tro rat quan trong doi vdf moi trifdng. Chung khong nhiing tao nen

nhijlig canh quan dep, mgt net dac m^ g khong the thieu dugc cua thu do Ha Ngi ma con co vai tro Idn

tfong h@ thong thoat va xQ' ly nudc thai, nuoi th^ ca, di^u hoa vi khi hau; la nai bao tdn sif da dang sinh

hgc, noi nghi ngoi va vui chdi giai tri cho ngUdi dan trong khu vifc. Mac dii da cd he thong thu gom nudc

thai nhung hau het nudcth^l sinh hoat khong dtfcrc xilly ma thii tn/c tiep ra he thdng ao ho, kenh, mifcmg

thoatnudc gay onhiem nudc mat cho khu vu'c noi thanh Ha Noi. fie danh gia mile doonhiem nudc mat do

nguon diem va nguon mat, mau nudc diioc thu thap va phan tich trang nam 2007 va 2008.

K@t qua quan tik cho thay mi)c do 6 nhiem do he thong thoat nifdc tai Ha Not da vucrt quy chuan Viet

Nam danh cho nguon nude mat. Phuong phap phan nhdm d nhiem da ducrc sil dung de danh gia mdc dd

0 nhiem tai cac diem quan trac qua do cd eac bien phap xO'ly, quan ly phit hop.

Ket qua phan tich cung cho tiily trong miJa mUa, nudc mUa chay tran kha d nhiem, dac biet la cac thong

sdvi sinh nhuTdng Conform vaE.coli, Mdc d66 nhiem cdtheso sanh vdi nude thai sinh boat chua dugcxil

ly va nddc tai mot so con sdng 6 nhiem trang khu vUc nghien cdu.

Tir khda; Ka Ngi, nguon diem, ngudn mat he thong thoat nudc, nudc mat.

Abstract

Lakes and rivers form a holistic system which plays many important environmental roles in the life of

Hanoi dty such as a part of sewerage and purification system, fish forming, regulating microdimate,

supplementing groundwater, recreafional areas, biodiversity conservation and so on. Although a

combined sewerage system functions in the downtown of Hanoi, almost all wastewater is not treated

and directly discharged into water bodies such as lakes, ponds and rivers. Water samples were collected

both in dry and wet seasons in order to investigate the surface water pollution and to evaluate pollutant

removal capacity of lakes in contributing for storage runoff water and wastewater.

The monitroing data showed that surface water quality exceeded the Vietnamese standard. Cluster

analysis gave insight in evaluating the similarity of surface water quality to those of untreated and

treated wastewater in sewage water treatment plant.

Keywords: Hanoi, point source, sewerage system, surface water.

TS. PhamVan Quan

Vu Phattrien ngufin nhan lire, B6 CongThirong

Email: quanpv@moitgo«.vn

1.GldlTHl£U

Ha Ndi, thu do 1000 nam tudi, cd

dan sd vao khoang 7,1 trieu ngildi

Ngaynhanbai: 22/01/2014

Ngay chap nhan tflng: 26/3/20U

(2013). He thdng thoat niidc eu, thieu

ddng bd va dia hinh kha bang phang

lam cho Ha Ndi de bj tac dong bdi

ngap lut. Ngap lut thudng xuyen dien

ra gay cinh hUdng den ca sd ha tang,

giao thdng, mdi trudng va sdc khde

con ngudi. He thdng thoat nudc chung

duoc sCr dung pho bien trong khu vUe

ndi thanh, nude mua ehay tran va nUdc

thai sinh hoat dugc thu gom cung bdi

mdt he thdng cdng va hoat ddng theo

CO ehe tu chay (Anh N.V, 2005). Mdt

dae diem ndi bat trong he thdng thoat

nudc tai day la cd su tham gia cua he

thdng ao hd bao gom khoang 70 hd

tu nhien hoac nhan tao, chiem khoang

15,2% dien tich, vdi chuTc nang nhu hd

chiira. Cd the ndi Ha Ndi la thanh phd

cua ao hd.

0 nhiem tai cac eon kenh, muong

thoat nude eua Ha Ndi da va dang trd

nen nghiem trgng. Hau het he thong

cdng khdng dugc cai tao va md rdng

de dap dng vdi nhu cau dd thj hda.

Them vao dd, d nhiem tai cac con sdng

tiep nhan nUdc thai cua Ha Ndi khien

cho cac khu vUc xung quanh khdng the

sCr dung ngudn nudc nay tham chi eho

mye dich tudi tieu (Cau, 2007).

Hau het cac cda xa td he thdng

thoat nude Ha Ndi la eac ngudn diem

gay d nhiem eho nudc mat trong ca

dieu kien cd hay khdng ed mUa. Nguon

diem tU he thdng cdng thoat nudc cd

the coi la ngudn gay d nhiem vi sinh Idn

nhat (O'Keefe, 2005; Gordon, 2005).

Ben eanh do, ngudn mat, ngudn

gay d nhiem do nudc mUa chay tran

cung cd the coi nhu mdt trong cac

So21.2014•TapdiiKHOAHOC&CONGNGH^ 5 9