Nhìn lại bức tranh lao động Việt Nam tại Cộng hòa Séc

LAO DONG-VIEC LAM

Nhin Iqi bufc tranh lao dong Viet Nam tql

Cong hoa Sec

TRAN THANH HUONG

'Tffhi trudng lao ddng Trung vd Ddng Au ndi chung vd Cdng hoa Sec (CH Sec) ndi rieng

^iyld nhang thi trUdng truyin thd'ng cho lao ddng Viet Nam td nhdng ndm 70 the'ky XX.

Tgi thi trUdng ndy, hdp tdc lao ddng giUa Viet Nam vd nUdc ban dd tdng cd nhiiu ke't qud tdt

dep cho ed hai ben. Tuy nhien, trong vong 5 ndm trd lgi day sit hdp tdc ndy dang chiu tdc

ddng cUa nhiiu nhdn to khien tinh hinh trd nen bdt dn. Bdi vie't gidi thieu khdi qudt tinh hinh

xudt khdu lao ddng cua nUdc ta sang CH See ta trUdc de'n nay, nguyen nhdn ddn de'n tinh

trgng bdt dn vd trien vgng hdp tdc giaa hai nUdc tron thdi gian tdi.

Hdp tie lao ddng hay xua't khau lao

ddng li viec lao ddng ciia mot qud'c

gia de'n mot qud'c gia khae lim viec dfla tren

hdp dong lao ddng hdp phap ky ke't gifla hai

nfldc heac hai phap nhan ciia hai nfldc.

Ngay tfl diu nhflng nam 1970s, hdp ti c

lad ddng da li mot ndi dung quan trong

trong so' cae hdp tac song phUdng^ gifla nfldc

ta vi CH See. Viet Nam da ky ke't vdi CH

See nhieu thda thuan vi hdp ddng ve hdp

tae lao ddng ca'p nh i nfldc v i gia ban thfldng

xuyen. Nhflng thda thuan niy da mang lai

ldi ich thie't thflc cho ca hai ben. Chung giai

quye't vin de thie'u nhan Iflc, die biet li

nguon lao ddng gian ddn, sd cip trdng eac

nginh cdng nghiep ciia CH Sec cung nhfl

giai quye't viee lim cd thu nhap cao hdn

trdng nfldc, dio tao ngudn nhan Ifle lim viec

ed ky ning vi ky luat cho cac nginh cdng

nghiep cdn qua non tre eiia Viet Nam sau

chien tranh. Giai doan nhflng nam 1980,

hing chuc nghin cdng nhan vi lao ddng Viet

Nam da sang CH See lim viec.

Sau nim 1993 khi CH Sec tach khdi Tiep

Khic cu^ vi die biet li sau khi CH See li

thinh vien chinh thflc eua Lien minh Chau

Au (EU) nam 2004, nhu ciu lae ddng ngfldi

nfldc ngoii (ngoii EU) cua nfldc niy cing

cao. hdn de giai quye't tinh trang dan sd'dang

gii di^ ciia CH Sec v i viee lae ddng See sang

Trin Thanh Huong, ThS, Vien Kinh td Viet Nam.

1. Tren thuc te' vao thdi gian dd, Viet Nam hgp tie ben

ngoai chu yeu vdi cac nude trong khdi xa h6i chii nghia,

ma d Chiu Au chii ye'u la vdi cac nudc trong h6i ddng

tuong trg kinh te' (Council for Mutual Economic

Assistance-COMECON hay tieng Nga vie't tat la SEV).

Hgp tac giiia Viet Nam va cac nudc nay ndi chung va Tiep

Khac cu ndi rieng, ma sau nay la CH Seo va Slovakia, chii

ye'u bao gdm hai nOi dung chinh la hgp tac thuong mai va

hgp tae lao ddng. Cae hgp tae khac nhu hgp tae phat trien

thue hien dudi dang don gian la cac gdi vien trg khdng

hoan lai giiip do Viet Nam mang tinh chai don le hoac ddu

tu true tie'p nude ngoai thi gdn nhu khOng cd.

2. Dudi anh hudng true tie'p tir sir sup dd eiia chii nghia

xa hgi tai Lien X6 va sau dd la mOt loat cac nudc xa hoi

chii nghia tai Chau Au, ngay 1-1-1993, Tiep Khac

(Czechoslovakia) tach thanh 2 qudc gia ddc lap la CH Sec

(Czech Republic) va CH Slovakia (Slovak Republic)-m6t

su chia tach dugc danh gia la "ra't nhe nhang va don gian".

3. Dan sd gia (Aging): ty le ngudi gia tang ldn dang ke

trong CO ea^u dan sd trong khi ty le sinh tha'p. Vi vay, xa hdi

phai chi tra nhidu hon cac khoan phuc Icri cho ngudi gia, co

ehe' tra luong huu la eo ehe' "pay as you go" nic la la'y thue'

eiia ngudi lam tra luong huu cho ngucri hei d6 Uidi lao ddng

ma sd ngudi trong dO tudi lao ddng khOng dia dd ddng thue'.

EU ude tinh de'n nam 2050, eac nude Chdu Au phai chi

50% phuc lgi xa hgi cho luong huu va cham sdc y te' cho

ngudi gia. Day la mOt vdn dd ldn va mdt trong sd cac giai

phap la thu hiit lao dOng ben ngoai EU vao lam viee de' nha

nudc cd ngudn thu tii thue' chi tra cho ngudi gia. Dan sd ciia

nude CH Sec trong mdy nam tro lai day chQng lai d eon sd

10,3 trieu ngudi va dang cd xu hudng giam xudng, nen

nudc nay ciing dang phai ddi dien vdi tinh trang gia di ciia

ddn sd...

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