Nhận thức mới về sự kiện thành lập Đảng cộng sản Việt Nam trong sách giáo khoa lịch sử 12 qua văn kiện Đảng

NHAN THOC Mill Vi SII KlfN IHANH lAP HANG CDNG SAN Vlfl NAM • • • • • •

TROHG SACH GIAO KHOA LICH Sllf12 OUA UAH KIEH DAHG

O TS. O O HON G THAI *

Thdnh tyu nghien cuu cuo khoo hqc ljch su

(LS) trong nhtrng ndm gdn ddy giiip cho viec

nhdn thue mdt sd sy kien, hien tuqng LS ed

them nhtrng co sd khdeh quan, ehinh xdc vd thuylt

phyc. Sy kien thdnh ldp Ddng Cdng sdn Viet Nam

duqc trinh bdy trong sdeh gido khoo (SGK) Ljch

su 12 hien hdnh Id mdt trong nhtrng minh chung

dien hinh cuo Hnh cdp nhdt kiln thue trong gido

dye LS d trudng trung hqc phd thdng (THPT). Tuy

nhien, d l hiiu sdu sdc nhtrng thay ddi trong nhdn

thirc v l sy kien Heu bieu ndy, cdn dyo vdo nhilu

ngudn tdi lieu khdc nhou, trong dd Vdn kien Odng

Id tdi lieu gdc giu vj tri quan trqng hdng ddu.

Dyo vdo Vdn kien Ddng ehiing to cd co sd

khoa hqc de hieu sdu sdc hon bdi cdnh LS ddn

tdi sy ro ddi cuo Odng Cdng sdn Viet Nam. Tir

hoqt ddng tich eye cuo phong trdo «vd sdn hdo",

ddu ndm 1929, d Ddng Duong dd xudt hien

cudc ddu tranh ngdy cdng gay gdt gitro cdc

nhdm cdng sdn de di tdi thdnh ldp mdt chinh

ddng vd sdn. Tqi Hdi nghj trii bj Dqi hdi Idn I cuo

Hqi Viet Nam cdch mqng thonh nien (VNCMTN)

td chire d Hdng Kdng - Trung Qudc (1/1929), dqi

bieu Ki bd Bde ki dd neu vdn d l thdnh ldp Ddng

Cong sdn. Oln Dqi hdi Idn I eua Hdi VNCMTN

(5/1929), vdn d l dd duqc dodn dqi bieu Bde ki

Hip hjc neu ro nhung khdng duqc chdp thudn. Bdt

ddng quon diem, hq dd ro v l vd thdnh ldp Ddng

Duong Cdng sdn Ddng (DDCSD) (17/d/ l 929, tqi

so nhd 312 Khdm Thien, Hd Ndi), thdng quo Tuyen

ngdn, Dieu li, ra td bdo Biia liem; cir Bon Chdp

hdnh TW. Td chirc ndy phdt trien nhanh, hoqt ddng

mqnh d Bde ki vd Trung ki, duqc qudn ehiing nd

nire tin theo.

Trude Hnh hinh dd, ngdy 25/7/1929 , Tdng

bd VNCMTN dong hoqt ddng d Trung Qud'c gui

mdt buc thu cho DDCSD thdng bdo rdng, hq se

thdnh ldp mdt Odng Cdng sdn bi mdt, cdn td chire

«Thanh niin... giu nguyin cdi fd ddn". Mdt sd

phdn h/ uu tu eua td chirc thonh nien d Trung

Tap ehi Giao due s6 23 8 (ki 2.5/201 o)

Qudc dd thdnh ldp mdt ehi bd thudc An Nam

Cdng sdn Odng (ANCSD), sau dd mdt so chi bd

ro ddi d Nam ki (8/1929 - theo Hdng The Cdng,

h/c Hd Huy Tdp). Ngdy 7/11 /1929, ANCSD hop

dqi hqi tqi Sdi Gdn thdng qua dudng Idi chinh

tri, Dilu le Ddng, eu BCHTW vd tuyen bd Id mot

ehi bd cuo Qudc t l cdng sdn (QTCS).

Trong thdi gion ndy, Tdn Viet, mdt td chuc

cdch mqng (nhieu Idn ddi ten: Phyc Viet, Hung

Nam, Viet Nam Cdch mqng Ddng, Viet Nam Cdch

mqng ddng chi hdi...), dang hoqt ddng tich eye,

chju dnh hudng sdu sdc tu tudng cdch mqng cuo

chil nghTo Mdc-Lenin, eung dien ra eude ddu tranh

gay gdt giiro quon dilm cdch mqng vd sdn vd

quon dilm cdi luong. Mdt sd ddng vien Hen tiln

cuo Tdn Viet dd ngd song td chuc Thonh nien, so

cdn Iqi dong chudn bj k l hoqch thdnh ldp ddng

vd sdn. Thdng 9/1929, trong Tuyen dqt cua minh:

«Tdn Viet Cdch mqng Ddng (TVCMD) trinh trqng

tuyen ngdn cirng todn the ddng viin TVCMD, loan

thi' thg thuyen, ddn cdy vd lao khd biit rdng,

chung tdi chinh thirc Idp ra Ddng Duang Cdng

sdn liin dodn (DDCSLD)" (1). DDCSLD dy djnh

hqp dqi hdi vdo ngdy 1/I/1930 (Dire Tho - Nghe

TTnh) nhung cdc dqi bilu di dy bi djch bdt nen

viec trieu tdp dqi hdi khdng thdnh.

Nhu vdy, d Viet Nam, trong vdng 4 thdng dd

cd 3 td chire cdng sdn ro ddi, khdng dinh xu the

tdt yl u phdi thdnh ldp Ddng Cdng sdn d trong

nude d l ddp ung yeu edu thyc hin ciio cdch mqng.

Cde td chirc cdng sdn ro ddi dd hoqt ddng tich

eye, thue ddy phong trdo ddu tronh d trong nudc,

song eung bde Id nhtrng hqn ehl, khuyit dilm vd

soi Idm nhu: tronh gidnh dnh hudng, cdng kich

lan nhou, tqo ra nhimg xung khde, bd't hod, khdng

ed Iqi eho sy nghiep cdch mqng. Trude Hnh hinh

dd, QTCS dd ed nhi/ng chi thj kjp thdi d l khde

phyc Hnh trqng chio re giiro cde td chirc cdng sdn

d Ddng Duong. Trong «Thu Qud'c fe cdng sdn

* Tnrdng Dai hoc sir pham • Oai hpc Thai Nguyen