Nhận diện cộng đồng người Bồ Lô ở Hà Tĩnh

Nhan dien cong dong ngirdi Bo Lo d Ha TTnh

PHAM THANH TINH='

De nhan dien mdt cdng ddng ngUdi -

nhu ngUdi Bd Ld, chung tdi khao

sat hai each nhin: tren bd va dudi bien. Dd

la each nhin khach the va chu the. Dudng

nhien gifla hai each nhin dd cd mdi quan

he rang budc, tac dpng qua lai lan nhau,

nhUng vdi ngUdi nghien cflu mpt cdng

ddng thi nha't thie't phai dat cpng ddng dd

trong mdt khdng gian quen thudc ben

canh mpt cdng ddng khac trong mpt khdng

gian xa la. Trong khoa hpc gpi la "tU duy

trong bdi cinh". Chung ta phii thfla nhan

rapi he thd'ng khep kin deu phu thupc rapt

cai gi dd nara ben ngoai he thdng" >.

Cpng ddng ngUdi Bd Ld^^^ la mpt cpng

ddng rieng, khu biet trong nhflng nhdra cU

dan lam nghe bien d Ha Tinh. Ngudi dan

dia phUdng gpi hp la ngUdi "ndd'c cau",

chuyen cau ca ngeai bien khdi va hp tU

nhan la ngudi Bd Ld.

1. Cdng ddng ngudi Bd Ld dupc ngUdi

tren bd cei la "man di mpi rp", bj khinh bi

va bj gan vdi nhflng cai ten mang tinh

miet thj nhfl "Mfldng nudc man", "mpi be".

Cach nhin nay la theo quan diem ciia

ngUdi Viet sd'ng d ddng bang lay van hda

Ifla nudc lam he gia trj. Vdi ngUdi Viet,

nfli rflng va bien ca la hai ndi ma hp rat sd

hai. Vflng rflng nui la vflng "rflng thieng

nflde ddc", ndi "khi ho cd gay" rat nhieu

thu dfl , cdn bien la ndi "trdi nflde menh

mdng", "sdng to gid ldn" de bj chet dudi,

khdng biet bau vfu vao dau Mac dfl

trong thanh ngfl tieng Viet cd cau "rflng

vang bien bac" nhflng chi la nhflng ndi cd

the khai thac vat quy phuc vu chd cudc

sd'ng ciia ngfldi ddng bang mac dfl rat

nguy hiem. Vdi ngfldi di bien ndi "rflng

vang" va vang ca mat, ndi "bien bac" la

bac ca mat. Vi le dd, nhflng ngUdi d ddng

bang Cdi nhflng ngudi sd'ng tren rflng la

"mei rfl", va - tren bien la "mpi be", la

nhflng ke "an ldng d id", dan ddn, ngu ngd,

vd hpc, khdng bie't gi va bj khinh bi. Vi vay

khi raud'n xi va ai, ngfldi tren bd gpi la

"quan Bd Ld", "biet cdc gi"*'*^

Khi ngUdi Bd Ld len bd de trao ddi raua

ban, ngudi tren bd nhan dien hp bing

nhflng dac diera sau:

Ve dang ngudi: vi d dudi thuyen sud't

ddi, hp chi ngdi nen than thi dai, chan thi

ngin va bj teo lai. Khi len bd raua ban,

ngudi phu nfl Bd Ld khuynh chan di nhfl

chay, ngudi dfli ve phfa trudc, hai ban tay

khud khud nhu bdi trong khdng khf va hp

liii rat nhanh; nUdc da ngam den, tdc

quan, dang ngUdi khde manh, mit tinh;

each an mac thi xuenh xoang ddn giin:

rapt raanh ad vai Ddng lara nhupra nau,

mdt cai vay nhupm nau trat bfln mau den

cut liin

Ve tie'ng ndi: ngudi Bd Ld ndi li'u lo nhU

chim. Dd la rapt thfl tie'ng Viet rat ddn

gian, vi hp khdng cin ndi nhieu, vdi mdt

thfl dpng nang va nhieu tfl rat rieng.

* Ths Pham Thanh Tinh, Vien Nghien cflu Dong Nam A